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为探究不同海拔高度土壤微生物的分布特征,以西藏东南部色季拉山为研究区,以不同海拔高度(4 606,4 110,4 000,3 900,3 440 m)土壤为研究对象,分析0—5,5—10 cm 2个层次土壤可培养微生物数量分布特征,并采用高通量测序技术分析了真菌群落组成的丰富度和多样性,探讨了真菌群落组成的主要影响因素。结果表明,供试区土壤可培养微生物数量表现为细菌＞放线菌＞真菌,真菌数量与海拔高度显著相关,而细菌和放线菌数量随海拔高度无明显变化规律;5个海拔高度下共检测到真菌4个门、18个纲、47个目、74个科、93个属;在门水平上优势真菌为担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和子囊菌门(Ascomycota),纲分类水平上担子菌门下的伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes)相对丰度最高。Alpha多样性分析表明,低海拔区川滇高山栎林和高海拔区高寒草地土壤真菌丰度和多样性均较高,海拔3 900~4 110 m的中部海拔区的雪山杜鹃和急尖长苞冷杉林土壤则较低;冗余分析发现,在门和纲分类水平上,土壤有机碳和全氮含量是真菌群落差异的主要影响因素,海拔高度的影响相对较小。研究结果表明,微生物在不同海拔高度上的分布可能主要取决于土壤性质和植被类型。 相似文献
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采集海南岛尖峰岭地区低地雨林次生林、山地雨林次生林和山地雨林原始林土壤,基于绝对定量PCR和高通量测序技术,探讨了热带雨林土壤中固碳微生物群落结构的多样性与组成及其影响因素。结果表明:固碳微生物的Alpha多样性与基因丰度均表现为低地雨林次生林高于山地雨林原始林;尖峰岭热带雨林土壤固碳微生物优势菌门为假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota,44.28%～70.60%)和放线菌门(Actinomycetota,11.95%～33.73%),优势菌属为慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium,11.53%～31.06%)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia,4.97%～17.07%)、中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium, 4.44%～12.97%)、分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium, 2.62%～9.20%)、芽绿菌属(Blastochloris,4.34%～10.12%)、固氮弧菌属(Aromatoleum,1.97%～5.39%)、分枝菌酸杆形菌属(Mycolicibacterium,1.71%～3.78%)、固氮螺菌属(Azospirillum,1.97%～2.65%)、... 相似文献
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秸秆还田方式对根际固氮菌群落及花生产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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炭基肥和竹炭对土壤氮素淋失和微生物的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究竹炭和炭基缓释肥添加对毛竹林土壤氮素流失和细菌群落结构的影响,采用室内土柱淋溶试验,测定了淋溶水中NH_4+—N和NO_3-—N浓度,分析了细菌群落多样性和组成。结果表明,与对照相比,炭基缓释肥的添加可以使土柱NH_4+—N和NO_3-—N累积淋溶量分别降低12.5%和13.6%。此外,竹炭的添加可以显著降低NH_4+—N累积淋溶量(P<0.05),但是对NO_3-—N的影响不显著。炭基缓释肥的添加可以增加土壤Nitrospira(硝化螺菌属)、Nitrosospria(亚硝化螺菌属)和Nitrobacter(硝化杆菌属)细菌的相对丰度,提高下层淋溶土壤反硝化优势菌群(丰度>0.1%)Burkholderia(伯克霍尔德菌属)、Cupriavidus(贪铜菌属)和Bradyrhizobium(慢生根瘤菌属)的相对丰度。炭基缓释肥添加对土壤NH_4+—N和NO_3-—N的淋溶影响可能与土壤氮素循环微生物密切相关。 相似文献
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为研究茶园土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)含量及其生态化学计量比对土壤微生物群落结构的影响，以福建省福鼎市茶叶主产地茶园为研究对象，系统测定和分析土壤养分与计量比，分析其对细菌群落特征的影响。结果表明：(1)茶园土壤C、N、P、K含量均值分别为18.39,1.96,0.91,15.57 g/kg,土壤C∶N、C∶P、C∶K、N∶P、N∶K、P∶K均值分别为9.24,30.96,1.24,3.32,0.13,22.39;(2)土壤中的优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Actinobacteria)、放线菌门(Acidobacteria);优势菌属为Paludibaculum、分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium),不同茶园土壤中细菌群落组成及结构相似，但细菌多样性指数差异显著(p<0.05);(3)属水平上茶园土壤细菌与养分及其计量比的相关性分析结果显示，K与热脱硫弧菌属(Thermodesulfovibrio)、盖氏菌属(Gaiella)呈显著正相关(p<0.01),P与梭菌属(Clost... 相似文献
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复垦土壤细菌群落结构及其与土壤肥力的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解两淮煤矿区复垦状况及其对土壤微生物的影响机制,合理人工干预,快速有效提高复垦土壤生产力,本研究以煤矸石充填复垦土壤为研究对象,通过野外调查与采样分析,采用Illumina MiSeq 高通量测序分析土壤细菌特定基因片段V4 区域,基于非度量多维尺度分析、冗余分析、方差分析、肥力指数、回归模型方法,对矸石充填土壤不同复垦方向的土壤细菌优势群落和生物多样性进行了探索,明晰土壤细菌群落及其与土壤肥力的响应作用。研究结果表明：细菌群落组成上,不同复垦方向对细菌优势群落分布并无显著性影响,变形菌门、酸杆菌门和放线菌门菌群为主要优势菌群。土壤微生物多样性层面上,表层土壤微生物有较高的丰富度和多样性,均匀度并无显著性差异。微生物多样性在不同复垦方向不存在显著性差异,Shannon_Wiener指数介于5.23～6.91之间,Chao1指数为867.1～5436,Pielou指数介于0.79～0.84之间,表中层同深层土壤的细菌群落结构具有差异性。TN、SOM、AP和AK是影响土壤细菌群落的主要肥力因子,土壤肥力质量指数与奇古菌门相对丰度呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）,同链霉菌属呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）,在一定程度上可将二者的相对丰度作为评价复垦土壤肥力状况的重要生物指标。研究成果可为两淮矿区矸石充填复垦土壤在微生物层面提高肥力质量提供理论支持。 相似文献
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沙地土壤C∶N∶P比对早期植物群落物种多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示土壤碳∶氮∶磷(C∶N∶P)比对植物群落物种多样性的影响,以宁夏哈巴湖国家级自然保护区内沙地植物群落(沙柳群落和油蒿群落)为研究对象,调查计算了沙地植物群落的物种多样性,测定了群落中土壤C、N、P含量,分析讨论了土壤C∶N∶P比与沙地植物群落物种多样性之间的关系。结果表明,分布于流动、半固定沙地的沙柳群落其土壤C∶N∶P比对物种多样性的影响不显著,而分布于半固定、固定沙地的油蒿群落其土壤C∶N∶P比对物种多样性的影响显著。这说明沙地植物群落生物量不断增大的同时,枯枝落叶增多,土壤C、N、P显著增多,较大的土壤C∶N比与N∶P比与不断增大的物种多样性有趋同变化,因此,土壤的C∶N∶P比能够影响沙地植物群落的物种多样性。 相似文献
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枇杷根际土壤用木霉P3.9菌株孢子悬浮液灌根,Illumina平台高通量测序,分析引入木霉P3.9菌株对枇杷根际真菌多样性及其群落组成的影响。结果表明,镰刀菌属Fusarium、短柄镰刀菌Fusarium brachygibbosum是枇杷根际土壤真菌优势种群。添加木霉P3.9菌株没有改变枇杷根际真菌群落多样性,而改变了根际真菌群落组成。添加木霉P3.9菌株10～30 d之间,枇杷根际真菌群落几乎未发生改变。40～90 d之间,枇杷根际真菌群落组成发生改变。添加木霉P3.9菌株90 d之内导致根际真菌数量减少2种。一方面,优势属Mortierella、Trichoderma和非优势属Cladophialophora显著增加,优势种Mortierella alpina和M. exigua也显著增加。另一方面,优势属Phoma、Aspergillus、Lectera和9个非优势属显著降低。优势种Phoma omnivirens、Podospora communis和10个非优势种也显著降低。说明枇杷根际添加木霉P3.9菌株对其根际真菌多样性无不良影响,反而可以改善有益真菌群落物种丰度,减少有害真菌群落物种丰度,对枇杷连作根际土壤有潜在修复作用及肥力提升作用。 相似文献
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为研究植物根际促生菌（PGPR）菌剂处理下攀西高原植烟土壤氮素循环的微生物调控机制,本研究以凉山州会理市不同PGPR菌剂（Lysinibacillus sp.、Streptomyces Phaeochromogenes和Aspergillus niger）处理下的植烟田为研究对象,采集烤烟成熟期根际土壤,通过化学分析和高通量测序技术对土壤理化性质、固氮酶活性及nifH基因群落组成及多样性进行分析。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,施用PGPR菌剂会显著降低植烟土壤的pH值,同时显著提高有效磷含量和固氮酶活性（P<0.05）。总体而言,施用PGPR菌剂提高了植烟土壤nifH基因群落的多样性。植烟土壤优势菌群为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和蓝菌门（Cyanobacteria）。慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium）、地杆菌属（Geobacter）和固氮螺菌属（Azospirillum）等是植烟土壤优势属。冗余分析结果表明,植烟土壤pH值、碱解氮和速效钾含量与nifH基因群落结构相关性最强。综上,PGPR菌剂能改善植烟土壤养分状况,提高土壤固... 相似文献
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Purpose
The bacterial phylum Verrucomicrobia plays important roles in biogeochemical cycling processes, while the ecology of this phylum is still unclear. Previous elevational studies mainly focused on whole bacterial communities, while no study exclusively picked out Verrucomicrobia. Our objectives were to investigate the abundance, diversity and community composition of soil Verrucomicrobia across an elevation gradient on Changbai Mountain.Materials and methods
In total, 24 soil samples representing six elevation gradients were collected. Primer set 515F/806R was used for PCR amplifications and sequencing was conducted on an Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. Data sets comprising of Verrucomicrobial phylum were culled from all quality sequences for the further analyses of Verrucomicrobial diversity and community composition.Results and discussion
The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia accounted for ~20% of the total bacterial communities, and Spartobacteria and DA101 were the most dominant class and genus, respectively. Verrucomicrobia community composition differed significantly among elevations, while the Verrucomicrobia diversity showed no apparent trend along elevation although the richness of some classes or genera significantly changed with elevation. The Verrucomicrobial community composition, diversity, and relative abundance of specific classes or genera were significantly correlated with soil pH and carbon/nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio).Conclusions
These results indicated that Verrucomicrobia were abundant in Changbai Mountain soils, and Verrucomicrobial elevational distribution was strongly influenced by soil pH and C:N ratio. Our results also provide potential evidence that the dominant genus DA101 occupies different ecological niches and performs oligotrophic life history strategy in soil environment.12.
The elevational patterns of diversity for plants and animals have been well established over the past century. However, it is unclear whether there is a general elevational distribution pattern for microbes. Changbai Mountain is one of few well conserved natural ecosystems, where the vertical distribution of vegetation is known to mirror the vegetation horizontal zonation from temperate to frigid zones on the Eurasian continent. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of soil bacterial community composition and diversity along six elevations representing six typical vegetation types from forest to alpine tundra using a bar-coded pyrosequencing technique. The bacterial communities differed dramatically along elevations (vegetation types), and the community composition was significantly correlated with soil pH, carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N), moisture or total organic carbon (TOC), respectively. Phylogenetic diversity was positively correlated with soil pH (P = 0.024), while phylotype richness was positively correlated with soil pH (P = 0.004), total nitrogen (TN) (P = 0.030), and negatively correlated with C/N ratio (P = 0.021). Our results emphasize that pH is a better predictor of soil bacterial elevational distribution and also suggest that vegetation types may indirectly affect soil bacterial elevational distribution through altering soil C and N status. 相似文献
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Weibing?Xun Wei?Li Ting?Huang Yi?Ren Wu?Xiong Youzhi?Miao Wei?Ran Dongchu?Li Qirong?Shen Ruifu?Zhang
The asymbiotic diazotrophic bacteria are important for nitrogen (N) input to soil. Here, we investigated asymbiotic diazotrophic bacteria in an acidic red soil from functional, phylogenetic, and ecological perspectives. We firstly confirmed that phosphorus (P) availability determines the overall asymbiotic N fixation potential in the red soil. Then, we analyzed the soil bacterial community and N fixing (nifH) gene composition. Long-term different fertilizations significantly affected the composition of soil bacterial community. In addition, long-term organic cultivations increased most of the asymbiotic diazotrophic bacteria and the corresponding nifH gene abundances. Few asymbiotic diazotrophic bacteria, belonging to Chloroflexaceae, Methylocystaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae, and their corresponding nifH genes were more abundant in N and P co-limited than in not co-limited soils, suggesting that some bacterial taxa from these families might be activated under nutrient limited conditions. Our findings provided new information for the distribution of asymbiotic diazotrophic bacteria in red soil and gave insights into the ecology of diazotrophic bacteria. 相似文献
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Soil microorganisms are influenced by various abiotic and biotic factors at the field plot scale. Little is known, however, about the factors that determine soil microbial community functional diversity at a larger spatial scale. Here we conducted a regional scale study to assess the driving forces governing soil microbial community functional diversity in a temperate steppe of Hulunbeir, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Redundancy analysis and regression analysis were used to examine the relationships between soil microbial community properties and environmental variables. The results showed that the functional diversity of soil microbial communities was correlated with aboveground plant biomass, root biomass, soil water content and soil N: P ratio, suggesting that plant biomass, soil water availability and soil N availability were major determinants of soil microbial community functional diversity. Since plant biomass can indicate resource availability, which is mainly constrained by soil water availability and N availability in temperate steppes, we consider that soil microbial community functional diversity was mainly controlled by resource availability in temperate steppes at a regional scale. 相似文献
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为了研究不同磷肥水平下酸性红壤上玉米不同部位丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)群落多样性和组成结构,明确玉米不同部位AMF群落的分布特征及对磷肥的响应差别,为提高酸性红壤磷素利用提供理论依据。本实验设置三个磷肥水平：不施磷、低磷(25 mg P /kg)和高磷(100 mg P /kg),玉米培养4周后,测定玉米生物量和土壤理化性质,利用高通量测序技术检测玉米根部、根际和非根际土壤AMF群落结构和多样性。结果显示,随着磷肥水平增加,玉米生物量显著提高,高磷处理下玉米地上部磷含量显著高于不施磷和低磷处理。取样部位(根部、根际和非根际)显著影响了AMF群落优势属球囊霉属(Glomus)、巨孢囊霉属(Paraglomus)和近明球囊霉属(Claroideoglomus)相对丰度,但是磷肥影响不显著。类似的,取样部位而不是磷肥显著影响了AMF群落香农指数和物种丰富度。非度量多维标度(NMDS)结果显示,根部样品与非根际和根际土壤样品群落距离更远,而相同取样部位中不同磷肥水平间群落组成更为相似；置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)进一步表明,取样部位而不是磷肥显著影响了AMF群落组成结构,主要表现在根部样品与根际和非根际土壤不同。因此,酸性红壤上玉米不同部位对AMF群落的影响明显高于磷肥作用,表明AMF应用于酸性红壤时应重点考虑作物部位的特性。 相似文献
16.
Changes in vegetation type and climate associated with elevation can strongly affect the soil properties, but their effects on soil nutrient stoichiometry and enzymatic activities have rarely been studied. The contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) and activities of six soil enzymes involved in C, N and P cycles were measured along an elevational gradient in the dry-hot valley region of China. C:P, N:P ratios first increased and then decreased with elevation, with the highest values of 89.57 and 4.07, respectively. AN:AP and AN:AK ratios increased linearly with elevation. Absolute enzymatic activities (i.e. per unit of oven-dried soil) tended to increase slightly with elevation, and specific enzymatic activities (i.e. per unit of SOC), except for phosphatase, first significantly decreased and then increased with elevation. A redundancy analysis showed that variations of soil nutrient content and stoichiometry were explained 76.1% by absolute and specific enzymatic activities. The elevational gradient was associated with a shift in nutrient limitation for ecosystem functions and processes, and the specific enzymatic activities responded more clearly than the absolute enzymatic activities to the elevational gradient in this dry-hot valley region. 相似文献
17.
Yuanyuan YANG Yin ZHOU Zhou SHI Raphael A. VISCARRA ROSSEL Zongzheng LIANG Haizhen WANG Lianqing ZHOU Wu YU 《土壤圈》2020,30(6):817-831
The Tibetan Plateau of China is uniquely vulnerable to the global climate change and anthropogenic disturbances. As soil bacteria exert a considerable influence on the ecosystem function, understanding their response to different climates and land-use types is important. Here, we characterized the bacterial community composition and diversity across three major ecosystems (cropland, forest, and grassland) in the Sygera Mountains of Tibet, along a typical elevational gradient (3 300-4 600 m). The abundance of taxa that preferentially inhabit neutral or weak alkaline soil environments (such as Actinobacteria, Thermoleophilia, and some non-acidophilus Acidobacteria) was significantly greater in the cropland than in the forest and grassland. Furthermore, the diversity of soil bacterial communities was also significantly greater in the cropland than in the forest and grassland. We observed a unimodal distribution of bacterial species diversity along the elevation gradient. The dominant phyla Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria exhibited consistent elevational distribution patterns that mirrored the abundance of their most abundant classes, while different patterns were observed for Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria at the class level. Soil pH was the primary edaphic property that regulated bacterial community composition across the different land-use types. Additionally, soil pH was the main factor distinguishing bacterial communities in managed soils (i.e., cropland) from the communities in the natural environments (i.e., forest and grassland). In conclusion, land use (particularly anthropogenic disturbances such as cropping) largely controlled soil environment, played a major role in driving bacterial community composition and distribution, and also surpassed climate in affecting bacterial community distribution. 相似文献
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Soil samples were collected in June and October from areas with three land-use types, i.e., Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RP), Caragana korshinskii Kom. (CK), and abandoned land (AL), of which the former two were afforested areas, whereas the latter was not. These areas were converted from similar farmlands 40 years prior. Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS gene was used to analyze soil bacterial and fungal diversity. Additionally, plant communities, soil properties, fine root biomass, and C, N, and P levels in fine root and microbial biomass were estimated. Compared to AL, the C:N:P stoichiometry in fine root and microbial biomass in the afforested lands was synchronously changed, especially the N:P ratio. Soil microbial diversities were affected by afforestation and were more related to N:P ratio than C:P and C:N ratios. Moreover, Alpha-proteobacteria, Gamma-proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were significantly more abundant in afforested soils than in the AL soil, and the abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, and Nitrospirae ranked as AL > RP or CK. For fungal taxa, Ascomycota abundance responded positively to afforestation, whereas Basidiomycota abundance responded negatively. Changes of soil microbial taxa were significantly correlated with the N:P ratio in fine root and microbial biomass, which explained 54.1 and 55% of the total variation in bacterial and fungal taxa, respectively. Thus, our results provide evidence that compositions of soil microbial communities are linked to the N:P ratio in the plant-soil system. 相似文献