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不同品种鲜食核桃冷藏期间呼吸强度及品质变化 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
为探讨鲜食核桃冷藏期间品质变化规律,在(0±1)℃、相对湿度(RH)70%～80%的贮藏条件下,以辽河4号（L4）、西扶1号（X1）和西扶2 号（X2）核桃品种为试材,采用0.03 mm 厚聚乙烯（PE）袋包装,定期对其相关指标进行测定。结果显示,贮藏初期（15 d）呼吸强度迅速下降,之后维持在低且平稳的水平;3个品种之间水分、脂肪、蛋白质及氨基酸含量均呈现极显著差异;贮藏期间蛋白质含量变化不显著;脂肪、不饱和脂肪酸含量及维生素E含量总体呈现下降趋势;氨基酸含量30 d 时最高,之后保持下降趋势;酸价及过氧化值呈现上升趋势;贮藏中后期（60 d后）酸价、过氧化值、好果率及感官品质急剧下降。结果表明：鲜食核桃贮藏品质受品种影响很大,60 d 为鲜食核桃适宜贮藏期,以L4品质最好。 相似文献
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脉冲强光对烤鳗的杀菌效果及感官品质的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了在烤鳗加工中应用脉冲强光杀菌技术，试验分析了脉冲强光杀灭烤鳗表面染菌的效果，以及杀菌对烤鳗感官品质影响的情况。结果表明：脉冲强光可以有效的杀灭烤鳗表面染菌，闪照15 s，烤鳗表面大肠杆菌的杀菌率为99.99%；经过25 s的处理，烤鳗的感官品质（颜色、气味、质地、味道）没有显著变化；过氧化值、 酸价变化率都不超过0.35%。脉冲强光对烤鳗贮藏品质影响也较小，经过30 s的闪照，贮藏期间烤鳗感官品质没有显著影响，过氧化值、 酸价变化率不超过0.80%，变化幅度均低于0.50%。杀菌的工艺因素中，闪照时间对烤鳗杀菌效果和过氧化值、酸价变化率的影响最显著。 相似文献
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超高压对鲜榨西瓜汁杀菌效果和风味的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究超高压（HHP）处理对鲜榨西瓜汁的杀菌效果及风味的影响,采用HHP技术对鲜榨西瓜汁进行处理。以95℃,1 min热处理作为对照,重点考察了600 MPa,60 min HHP处理对西瓜汁中菌落总数、霉菌和酵母菌数及典型风味化合物含量的影响;并探讨了2种处理西瓜汁在4℃,30 d贮藏过程中上述指标的变化情况。结果表明：95℃,1 min热处理和600 MPa,60 min HHP处理后西瓜汁中的微生物指标均符合《果、蔬汁饮料卫生标准》的要求;并且25 d的保质期满足鲜榨西瓜汁的消费要求（保质期≥7 d）。600 MPa,60 min HHP处理对西瓜汁的典型风味化合物含量影响较小;4℃,30 d贮藏过程中典型风味物质含量不发生变化(P＞0.05)。总体看来,HHP处理更适合于鲜榨西瓜汁的加工。 相似文献
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贮藏因素对核桃脂肪酶活性与油脂酸价的影响 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11
试验采用不同的贮藏方法,针对影响核桃脂肪酶活性与油脂酸价因素进行了分析研究。发现核桃的水分含量、核桃贮藏温度对核桃的脂肪酶活性影响显著,核桃品种、核桃的水分含量、核桃贮藏形态及贮藏温度等条件对核桃的酸价有明显的影响,脂肪酶活性高时核桃油脂的酸价升高的速度快。核桃酸价超过7.5时酸败严重,核桃仁变色、变味。 相似文献
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山核桃氧化过程中品质指标变化的电子鼻快速检测 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了研究山核桃氧化过程中的品质变化规律,试验采用电子鼻获取不同氧化阶段的山核桃的挥发性氧化产物信息,运用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis,LDA)、聚类分析(cluster analysis,CA)及理化指标分析区分不同氧化阶段的山核桃样品品质变化,并通过主成分回归法(principle component regression,PCR)建立过氧化值、酸价、茴香胺值、总过氧化值的预测模型。结果表明:随着氧化时间的延长,过氧化值、酸价、茴香胺值、总过氧化值等指标显著(P0.05)增加,电子鼻传感器的响应强度逐渐增大。通过PCA、CA、LDA及理化指标分析均能较好地区分不同氧化阶段的山核桃的氧化程度。采用主成分回归法(PCR)建立过氧化值、酸价、茴香胺值、总过氧化值等理化指标的预测模型,决定系数(R2)分别为0.968、0.975、0.985、0.980。结果证明不同氧化阶段的山核桃的过氧化值,酸价,茴香胺值和总过氧化值的PCR模型验证的相对误差小于16%,预测效果较好。研究结果为山核桃氧化过程中的快速检测提供技术参考。 相似文献
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为探讨辐照保鲜技术应用于红烧鸡块的最适条件,利用60Co-γ射线对红烧鸡块进行辐照灭菌,分析辐照剂量与红烧鸡块感官品质、微生物生长、过氧化值、酸价、TVB-N值及货架期之间的关系。结果表明,使用辐照剂量为8k Gy的60Co-γ射线对红烧鸡块进行处理,在贮藏120d后,红烧鸡块中的微生物数量可以得到有效控制,过氧化值、酸价、TVB-N值均在合理标准内,最大限度地保持产品新鲜度和感官品质,有效延长了产品的货架期。本研究为我国传统地方菜系的工业化生产提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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远红外烘烤咸酥花生的工艺参数优化及品质分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了提高咸酥花生的烘烤品质,应用正交试验优化远红外烘烤咸酥花生的工艺参数,并研究其烘烤过程中的品质变化规律。结果表明：远红外烘烤咸酥花生的最佳工艺参数为：烘烤温度130℃,烘烤时间2.5 h,物料量为0.312 kg/kW。咸酥花生的酸价、过氧化值随烘烤时间的延长而缓慢升高,在最优工艺条件下不会显著影响其品质;由于在烘烤过程中发生美拉德反应,还原糖和游离氨基酸的含量随烘烤时间的延长而下降,这有利于咸酥花生烘烤香味的产生;脂肪氧化酶（LOX）和抗营养因子花生胰蛋白酶抑制剂（PTI）的活性随烘烤时间的延长而下降,其中LOX活性在130℃烘烤 0.5 h可被完全钝化、PTI活性在130℃烘烤2.5 h可几乎全部被钝化。LOX和PTI活性的钝化有利于提高咸酥花生的贮藏稳定性和食用品质。 相似文献
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为降低小麦胚芽脂肪酶和脂肪氧化酶的活性,提高贮藏稳定性,优化小麦胚芽红外干燥的工艺,采用单因素试验研究红外干燥温度、载量和距离对小麦胚芽干燥特性的影响,利用响应面分析法优化得到最佳工艺为干燥温度100℃、干燥载量1 kg·m~(-2)、干燥距离15 cm;结合微观结构、脂肪酶活动度、脂肪氧化酶活性、酸价、过氧化值和TBA值等指标,比较新鲜、红外干燥和热风干燥小麦胚芽在贮藏过程中的品质变化。结果表明,干燥处理可以大幅度地钝化脂肪酶和脂肪氧化酶的活性;当贮藏天数达到75 d时,红外干燥处理后的小麦胚芽酸价为52.49 mg·g~(-1),过氧化值为18.75 meq·kg~(-1),TBA值为4.58 mg·g~(-1),各个指标均显著低于热风处理组和新鲜组小麦胚芽(P0.05)。由此说明,红外干燥处理比热风干燥能够更好地保持小麦胚芽的品质。本研究结果为小麦胚芽的贮藏及生产提供了相关的理论依据。 相似文献
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Pearl millet, teff, cowpea, and peanut used in the formulation of experimental weaning foods were evaluated for changes in physicochemical properties resulting from roasting and malting. The particle size index (PSI) value for cowpea was significantly higher, indicating a finer flour than that obtained from pearl millet. Pearl millet and teff flours did not have significantly different PSI values, water absorption index values, or gruel viscosities. Viscosities for control and roasted cowpea gruels (15%, w/v) were significantly higher than those obtained from peanut gruels. Malting had the greatest impact on physicochemical properties for all grains, whereas roasting produced no significant differences from control flours. Malting yielded apparent increases in grain protein content, and malted seeds yielded finer flours with reduced water absorption and pasting qualities. 相似文献
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D Pingret G Durand AS Fabiano-Tixier A Rockenbauer C Ginies F Chemat 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(31):7761-7768
During ultrasound processing of lipid-containing food, some off-flavors can be detected, which can incite depreciation by consumers. The impacts of ultrasound treatment on sunflower oil using two different ultrasound horns (titanium and pyrex) were evaluated. An electron paramagnetic resonance study was performed to identify and quantify the formed radicals, along with the assessment of classical physicochemical parameters such as peroxide value, acid value, anisidine value, conjugated dienes, polar compounds, water content, polymer quantification, fatty acid composition, and volatiles profile. The study shows an increase of formed radicals in sonicated oils, as well as the modification of physicochemical parameters evidencing an oxidation of treated oils. 相似文献
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Lipase inactivation is an essential treatment for oat processing, because of the negative effects of lipase on nutrient preservation and storage extension. The effects of different lipase inactivation treatments including hot air roasting, infrared roasting, normal‐pressure steaming, and high‐pressure steaming on the physicochemical properties of oat globulins were investigated. Results showed that normal‐pressure steaming had little effect on solubility of oat globulins; hot air roasting increased foaming capacity of oat globulins but did not change their foaming stability; and all the inactivation treatments increased the surface hydrophobicity and content of total sulfhydryls of oat globulin but decreased exposed sulfhydryl groups. In addition, oat globulin granules from the hot air roasting treatment were distributed more evenly in oat globulin powder compared with the control group. All treatments except normal‐pressure steaming changed the molecular weight of oat globulin subunits, which made the bands of 66,000 and 45,000 disappear from SDS‐PAGE. These results indicated that normal‐pressure steaming was ideal to maintain good solubility of oat globulins, and hot air roasting was ideal to maintain relatively good foaming properties. The treatments changed physicochemical properties of oat globulins by influencing protein aggregation and subunit composition that resulted in different content of sulfhydryl groups and surface hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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为高效利用牡丹籽油,以牡丹籽油的各项理化性质为指标,通过单因素试验分析不同浸提溶剂、浸提时间、料液比、浸提温度和粉碎粒度等因素对牡丹籽油提取率的影响,在此基础上利用响应面分析方法对牡丹籽油的提取工艺进行优化;同时对牡丹籽油进行精炼,测定牡丹籽精炼油的各项理化指标并进行主成分分析,以确定牡丹籽油的最佳精炼工艺。结果表明,牡丹籽油提取的最佳工艺条件为:有机溶剂石油醚、浸提温度57℃、浸提时间5 h、料液比1∶11、粉碎粒度40目。在精制过程中分别加入4%沸水、8%碱液和2%活性白土,得到的精炼油磷脂含量、过氧化值、碘值及酸值分别为8.37 mg·100g-1、2.48 meq·kg-1、160.85 g·100 g-1、0.37 mg NaOH·g-1,牡丹籽油过活性碳柱后其精炼得率达21.37%。本研究结果为牡丹籽油的工业化生产提供了更优的工艺路线。 相似文献
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Seven kinds of green tea leaves were manufactured with far-infrared (FIR) irradiation, and the physicochemical characteristics of the green tea were determined. Appropriate FIR irradiation during the manufacturing process significantly increased the polyphenolic content of green tea. FIR irradiation at 90 degrees C for 10 min, replacing the roasting step, and of the fully processed green tea leaves (GTP3) increased the total phenol content of green tea from 475.6 to 811.1 mg/g and the total flavanol content from 175.7 to 208.7 mg/g, as compared to the control. Epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate increased from 57.68 and 9.60 mg/g in a nonirradiated control to 89.88 and 16.33 mg/g in GTP3, respectively. Ascorbic acid, caffeine, and nitrite scavenging activities were also increased in GTP3. However, the overall color change of GTP3 was negligible. These results indicate that the chemical properties of green tea are significantly affected by FIR irradiation at specific stages of the manufacturing process of green tea leaves and that this FIR irradiation results in high-quality green tea. 相似文献
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蚯蚓生物床工程处理对牛粪性质的影响 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
利用蚯蚓处理有机固体废弃物比传统技术手段具有更明显的优越性,得到越来越广泛的关注。试验通过蚯蚓生物床工程处理牛粪,采用室内分析的方法研究处理前后性质变化特征。结果表明：牛粪经蚯蚓生物床处理后的通水性和透气性得到明显改善,易干燥,无臭气,含水率和电导率明显下降,pH值趋于中性。蚯蚓生物床工程处理使全氮和有机质含量下降,提高了铵态氮、硝态氮、全钾、全磷、有机磷、无机磷和速效磷的含量,降低了钾的生物有效性,对腐殖酸含量无明显影响。对Cr、Cd和Cu的去除效果较好,对Pb、Mn、Zn和Fe的去除效果不佳。蚯蚓生物床工程处理过程丰富了蚯蚓粪中微生物区系,增加了过氧化氢酶活性,降低了脲酶活性,使牛粪中的碳水化合物发生逐步分解,生成腐殖物质,同时使水溶性有机硅化合物分解为无机硅氧化物。 相似文献
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The antioxidant properties of water extracts from Cassia tora L. (WECT) prepared under different degrees of roasting were investigated. The water extracts of unroasted C. tora L. (WEUCT) showed 94% inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid at a dose of 0.2 mg/mL, which was higher than that of alpha-tocopherol (82%). Water extracts prepared from C. tora L. roasted at 175 degrees C for 5 min and at 200 degrees C for 5 min exhibited 83% and 82%, respectively, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation. This result indicated that the antioxidant activities of WECT decreased with longer roasting time or higher roasting temperature. The IC(50) of WEUCT in liposome oxidation induced by the Fenton reaction was 0.41 mg/mL, which was higher than that of alpha-tocopherol (IC(50) = 0.55 mg/mL). WEUCT also exhibited good antioxidant activity in enzymatic and nonenzymatic microsome oxidative systems. The water extracts of roasted C. tora L. increased in the degree of browning and produced chemiluminescence when compared with the unroasted sample. However, the total polyphenolic compounds of WECT decreased after the roasting process finished. In conclusion, the decrease in the antioxidant activity of water extracts from roasted C. tora L. might have been due to the degradation of Maillard reaction products and the decrease of polyphenolic compounds. 相似文献
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M. Eugenia Steffolani Paula Villacorta Eduardo R. Morales‐Soriano Ritva Repo‐Carrasco Alberto E. Len Gabriela T. Prez 《Cereal Chemistry》2016,93(3):275-281
The objectives of this work were to investigate the nutritional and physicochemical characteristics as well as the functional properties of quinoa protein isolates (QPI) from different varieties, and to determine their potential use of such protein isolates in food products. Proteins were isolated by isoelectric precipitation at pH 5 from quinoa flour, and the QPI had a protein percentage of over 85%. The comparison of the flours and QPI electrophoretic profiles indicated that the extraction method allowed isolating practically all proteins of each variety. All the varieties analyzed had high lysine content, compared with cereals, and the essential amino acid content of Bolivian varieties was higher than varieties from Peru. The pH value affected the solubility and foaming capacity, and the magnitude of effects depended on the variety. Cluster analysis showed a strong influence of variety source and amino acid composition on protein physicochemical and functional properties; samples from Bolivia (cluster 2) were characterized as having the highest thermal stability, oil binding capacity, and water binding capacity at acid pH; samples from Peru (cluster 1) had the highest water binding capacity at basic pH and foaming capacity at pH 5. QPI presented a potential as an alternative vegetable protein for food application, in particular for vegetarian and vegan diets. 相似文献
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Soil Erodibility and Physicochemical Properties of Collapsing Gully Alluvial Fans in Southern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In southern China, collapsing gully erosion produces massive deposits of sediment on the plough layer of alluvial fan farmland, leading to reduced nutrients, increased erodibility, and even desertification. The aim of this study was to investigate soil erodibility (the factor K in the universal Soil Loss Equation, USLE) and physicochemical properties of the alluvial fans of the most severe collapsing gully erosion areas (Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces) in southern China. The soils of the collapsing gully alluvial fans had a higher bulk density, but a lower total porosity, saturated water content, and silt and clay fractions than the control (CK) soils from the farmland without desertification. Soil quality gradually decreased from fan edge to fanhead. Significant decreases were found in soil pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and total potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, resulting in a gradual decrease in soil nutrients from the fanedge to the fanhead. Soil erodibility was greatest in the fanhead, and soil erodibility K values of the alluvial fans were 53.71%, 66.28%, 67.53%, and 71.68 % greater than that in those of the CK soils of Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong, respectively, indicating a significant correlation between the soil erodibility K values and physicochemical properties, particularly sand fraction and organic matter content. The results provide new insights into the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and erodibility of alluvial fans, and suggest that improving soil structure might increase soil fertility in the collapsing gully alluvial fan farmland. 相似文献