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柿果醋醋酸发酵工艺参数优化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探索柿子原浆果醋的发酵规律,给柿果醋的生产提供理论依据.以水柿为原料,采用响应面法对柿果醋醋酸发酵过程的工艺参数(发酵温度、醋酸菌接种量和发酵时间)进行优化.结果表明,醋酸菌接种量、发酵时间对柿果醋醋酸含量有极显著影响(P＜0.01),发酵温度对后者影响不显著.优化出最佳工艺参数为发酵温度33.1℃,醋酸菌接种量0.56‰,发酵时间110 h,在此工艺条件下柿果醋醋酸含量可达4.928 g/(100 mL).多元回归分析结果显示,发酵温度、醋酸菌接种量、发酵时间与醋酸含量之间回归模型高度显著,可用于实际生产预测. 相似文献
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多菌共酵果粮混酿法生产果醋的研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
从6种酵母菌和4种醋酸菌中各优选出了3种发酵力强的菌种，通过正交试验确定了最优接种量和配比。采用多菌共酵、果粮混酿法，酿制出了品质优、出品率高的食用果醋。检测结果表明，利用本试验确定的混合菌种，以苹果为主原料，添加10%～20%的玉米粉所酿制的果粮醋，在感官和理化指标等方面都极显著的优于纯果醋。 相似文献
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为了丰富鲜食玉米种类,促进其产业发展,本文研究了鲜食糯玉米葡萄醋饮料的制备工艺。以鲜食糯玉米为主要原料,葡萄为辅料,综合运用米酒、果酒酿造技术以及醋酸发酵技术,制备鲜食糯玉米酒和葡萄酒。将二者按比例混合后进行醋酸发酵制备鲜食糯玉米葡萄醋,经调配后得到鲜食糯玉米果醋饮料。采用单因素试验和正交试验,优化发酵工艺条件和饮料配方,并按照国标的方法测定微生物指标。结果表明:鲜食糯玉米酒酿造工艺为:破碎玉米粒和玉米芯以5∶l比例混合,蒸煮糊化后,接入酒曲5%,25℃发酵5d;葡萄酒酿造工艺为:酵母接种量5%,初始糖度13.3%,发酵温度30℃,发酵时间4d;鲜食糯玉米葡萄醋醋酸酿造工艺为:将糯玉米酒和葡萄酒以4∶1混合后,接入15%醋酸菌,30℃,120r·min-1,摇床发酵6d;鲜食糯玉米葡萄醋饮料配方为:原醋20%,蔗糖10%,柠檬酸0.2%。所得鲜食糯玉米葡萄醋饮料呈琥珀色,澄清透明,具有玉米清香和葡萄香味,口感协调,风味独特;总酸≥5.2×10-3g·mL-1,可溶性固形物≥8×10-2g·mL-1;菌落总数≤100cfu·mL-1,大肠菌群≤3(MPN·mL-1),致病菌未检出。 相似文献
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新疆红枣营养品质与稳定同位素及矿物元素特征产地溯源比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为开发基于营养品质、稳定同位素及矿物元素分析的不同产地新疆红枣地理标志产品溯源新方法,本研究采集了2016年新疆不同产区(若羌、和田、阿克苏、麦盖提等15个县市)97个红枣种植地块的50份灰枣和47份骏枣样本,测定其果肉中13类营养品质指标(蛋白质、还原糖、自由氨基酸、总黄酮等),稳定碳、氮、氢、氧同位素比率(δ13C、δ15N、δ2H和δ18O)及21种微量矿物元素含量(Na、Mg、K、Fe和Zn等)用于其产地溯源分析与建模。采用单因素方差(one-way ANOVA)法比较不同产区间营养品质、稳定同位素比率及矿物元素特征的差异,利用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)分别对两类红枣内在品质特征建立产地判别模型,对比其溯源准确度。结果表明,红枣稳定同位素及矿物元素产地特征差异比营养品质特征更明显,溯源判别准确度得到明显提升。灰枣和骏枣营养品质参数建模总体判别准确度分别为86.00%和85.11%,稳定同位素及矿物元素参数判别准确度分别为94.12%和95.74%,且两种地理标志保护的红枣品牌(若羌灰枣和和田玉枣)产地判别准确度高达100%,而其他产地误判为这两个产地红枣的概率为0%。因此,该策略有望作为新疆红枣产地溯源与地理标志农产品保护的可靠技术。 相似文献
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乳酸菌发酵使木薯淀粉残渣饲料化研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
以处理木薯淀粉加工残渣,减轻环境压力为目的,对木薯渣接种乳酸菌复合系SFC-2,并添加不同量的蔗糖进行发酵,通过测定其发酵过程中的生化变化研究了其饲料化效果.结果显示:在发酵开始时接种处理的乳酸菌数为5×108,cfu/g,而对照处理没有检测到:发酵结束后,接种的3个糖水平处理的外观发酵品质比未接种处理好,但糖浓度低时丁酸积累较多,乳酸积累少,接种并添加4%蔗糖的处理乳酸积累量最高,发酵物中乳酸积累达18.7 g/kg, 接种并添加8%蔗糖的处理丁酸积累最少,仅为0.141 g/kg.相同蔗糖浓度下,接种处理的丁酸积累量均低于对照,不接种对照处理中均检测到了腐败菌分解蛋白质产生的甲胺,而接种的则没有.木薯渣材料和发酵物中的氰化物含量均远低于国家安全标准.采用乳酸菌发酵法使木薯渣饲料化是一个可行的途径. 相似文献
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工艺条件对柿果醋中主要有机酸含量的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
为探索不同工艺条件对柿果醋中主要有机酸的含量组成的影响,给柿果醋酸味成分来源提供理论依据,采用反相高效液相色谱法对不同工艺条件下生产的柿果醋中7种有机酸含量进行测定,结果表明:柿果醋中有机酸的种类和含量与发酵方法及陈酿工艺条件等因素有关。采用自然发酵法能够显著提高柿果醋中琥珀酸和柠檬酸的含量,但乙酸含量显著低于其他醋样。一步发酵法能够极显著提高酒石酸、苹果酸、乙酸和柠檬酸的含量;发酵结束经离心去渣后陈酿能够极显著提高酒石酸、苹果酸和乳酸的含量。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
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M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献