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丙环·咪鲜胺36%悬浮剂,是一种新型杀菌剂,对纹枯病、稻曲病、稻瘟病等水稻病害均具有一定的防治效果。据试验在水稻破口抽穗期用药1次,丙环·咪鲜胺36%悬浮剂50mL/667m2对纹枯病的穴防效、对稻曲病的粒防效、对稻瘟病的枝粳防效,分别为46.71%、72.66%、89.62%。可见丙环·咪鲜胺36%悬浮剂50mL/667m2对纹枯病、稻曲病的防效,均好于井冈霉素5%水剂200mL/667m2的效果;对稻瘟病的防效,与三环唑20%可湿性粉剂100g/667m2的效果相当。 相似文献
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采用田间药效试验方法,比较3种药剂对水稻纹枯病、稻曲病、稻瘟病的防治效果。结果表明:3种药剂对水稻纹枯病、稻曲病、稻瘟病都有一定防效。其中75%肟菌戊唑醇水分散粒剂225 g/hm2对水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病防效最好,防效分别为85.74%、85.19%;43%戊唑醇悬浮剂225 mL/hm2对稻曲病的防治效果最好,防效为88.25%。综合防治效果表明,75%肟菌戊唑醇水分散粒剂150～225 g/hm2对水稻纹枯病、稻曲病、稻瘟病的防效最好,43%戊唑醇悬浮剂225 mL/hm2对稻曲病和纹枯病防治效果较好,在实际生产上可广泛应用。 相似文献
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由稻瘟菌侵染引起的稻瘟病是威胁水稻安全生产最严重的真菌病害之一。鉴定克隆水稻抗稻瘟病基因, 系统深入研究稻瘟菌与水稻的相互作用, 揭示水稻的抗病机制, 进而创制推广抗稻瘟病新材料, 对确保粮食安全具有重要意义。本文总结了近10年来稻瘟病抗病基因和感病基因的鉴定、分子机理解析和应用等进展, 总结归纳了抗病基因聚合、分子设计育种、感病基因编辑、抗病基因的病原诱导表达等抗病育种主要策略。最后提出充分利用种质资源, 利用新技术挖掘新基因及创制新材料, 深入研究叶瘟和穗瘟抗病机制差异等是稻瘟病抗病育种下一步重点研究方向和新挑战。 相似文献
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在农村，一些农民甚至有些基层农技推广人员对粮食作物病虫通用名不了解，但一提起俗名就明白。为有助于农民朋友科学合理地使用对路农药，笔者收集了部分粮食作物病虫的俗名，供在防治时参考。 1水稻病虫 稻瘟病--黑节瘟、烂颈瘟、火烧瘟、掐颈瘟、吊颈瘟、火风、吊头瘟 稻纹枯病--花脚秆、烂脚秆、麻秆子、烂秧窝 稻白叶枯病--剥叶瘟、游火、地火 稻粒黑粉病--乌米谷、乌籽、黑粉谷 稻恶苗病--公秧、公禾 稻曲病--灰苞 稻飞虱--稻虱子、虫向虫、蚰虫、蠓虫、火蠓子、软壳虫向、火旋 稻螟虫 (二化螟、三化… 相似文献
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1985年本站进行三环唑防治稻瘟病试验,取得了良好的效果。 防治叶稻瘟选用杂交中稻“汕优二号”(感病品种),防治穗颈稻瘟选用常用中稻“2134”(高感品种)。试验田选择在稻瘟病常年流行的田块,栽培管理措施同大田。 相似文献
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为明确辽宁省水稻稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae对稻瘟灵的抗性水平及变化动态,本研究于2017—2019年自辽宁省6个市的6个稻区采集并分离获得187株稻瘟病菌,利用菌丝生长速率法测定这187株稻瘟病菌菌株对稻瘟灵的敏感性及抗性,并采用茎叶喷雾法测定稻瘟灵对水稻稻瘟病的田间防治效果以及该药剂与其它药剂的交互抗性。结果表明：供试187株稻瘟病菌菌株对稻瘟灵的EC50范围为0.94~34.96 μg/mL,左侧正态分布峰内EC50平均值为5.05 μg/mL,稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵的敏感性分布频率不符合正态分布,表明菌群中已经出现对稻瘟灵敏感性下降的亚群体。187株稻瘟病菌菌株对稻瘟灵的平均抗性倍数为3.70,抗性菌株出现频率为55.61%,平均抗性指数为0.40,抗性水平呈逐年增加趋势。2017—2019年稻瘟灵对水稻叶瘟病的防治效果分别为82.97%、78.86%和81.36%,对水稻穗颈瘟的防治效果分别为79.81%、77.68%和80.20%,说明在现有防控手段下未产生高水平抗性群体。稻瘟灵与肟菌酯、戊唑醇之间无交互抗性。与不同药剂轮换使用的前提下,稻瘟灵仍可作为主要药剂防治稻瘟病。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT A total of 56 isolates of B. cinerea collected from ornamental crops from commercial greenhouses were examined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprint analyses. Isolates were examined as two independent sets of 35 and 36 isolates, with 15 isolates common to both sets. The isolates had four phenotypes: 17 were sensitive to two commonly used fungicides, thiophanate-methyl (a benzimidazole) and vinclozolin (a dicarboximide) (S(T)S(V)); 18 were resistant to both fungicides (R(T)R(V)); 16 were resistant to thiophanate-methyl but sensitive to vinclozolin (R(T)S(V)); and 5 were sensitive to thiophanate-methyl but resistant to vinclozolin (S(T)R(V)). Relationships among the isolates were determined by cluster analyses of mean character differences using the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average and cladograms were constructed. Isolates were clustered primarily by fungicide-sensitivity phenotype. In one set of greenhouse isolates, 6 of 10 S(T)S(V) isolates clustered together with a bootstrap confidence value of 91%. In the other fingerprint set of greenhouse isolates, 9 of 11 S(T)S(V) isolates clustered together and had a bootstrap confidence value of 98%. Isolates resistant to thiophanate-methyl, vinclozolin, or both fungicides usually were not clustered with other isolates or were clustered with isolates of the same phenotype. To further elucidate these relationships, variant isolates resistant to one or both fungicides were produced on fungicide-amended agar medium from 14 S(T)S(V) greenhouse isolates. These 14 S(T)S(V) parent isolates, 57 resistant variant isolates, and 11 resistant greenhouse isolates were analyzed as three independent RAPD fingerprint sets. Variants selected from eight S(T)S(V) parent isolates were resistant to both thiophanate-methyl and vinclozolin even though parent isolates were exposed to only one of the fungicides. Isolates resistant only to vinclozolin (S(T)R(V)) had fingerprint patterns similar to and clustered with those of parent isolates, while fingerprint patterns of isolates resistant to thiophanate-methyl (i.e., R(T)R(V) or R(T)S(V)), regardless of sensitivity to vinclozolin, clustered differently from both those of S(T)S(V) parent isolates and those of S(T)R(V) isolates derived from the same parent. R(T)R(V) and R(T)S(V) variant isolates derived from the same fungicide-sensitive parents only clustered with other variants having the same phenotype. 相似文献
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Several concentrations of DL-methionine were tested in the laboratory for their effects on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood egg hatching and juvenile activity in aqueous suspensions and infested soil. After 7 days in methionine solutions, the proportions of hatched eggs were reduced by 23.3% at 0.25 mg litre(-1) methionine and by 76.4% at 25 g litre(-1) when compared with controls in tap water. An effect of methionine solutions on juvenile activity was also apparent after 24 h in the 25 g litre(-1) treatment, where the percentage of active M incognita juveniles was reduced by 16.3%. Further reductions in nematode mobility were observed as the time of exposure increased, and at lower methionine concentrations over longer exposure times. When methionine solutions were applied to soil infested with M incognita, reductions in egg hatching and juvenile activity were observed at 0.1 and 1 mg methionine g(-1) soil in both sand and clay-loam soils. The percentage of hatched eggs one week after methionine application at rates of 1 mg g(-1) was lower in sand (5.6%) and clay-loam soil (20.8%) than in controls where egg hatch was 52.0% and 48.0% in sand and soil, respectively. Non-active juveniles were found at 1 mg methionine g(-1) soil one week after its application to soil. 相似文献
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Spatio-temporal pattern and changes of evapotranspiration in arid Central Asia and Xinjiang of China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Saparnov ABDULLA 《干旱区科学》2012,4(1):105-112
Accurate inversion of land surface evapotranspiration (ET) in arid areas is of great significance for understanding global eco-hydrological process and exploring the spatio-temporal variation and ecological response of water resources.It is also important in the functional evaluation of regional water cycle and water balance,as well as the rational allocation and management of water resources.This study,based on model validation analysis at varied scales in five Central Asian countries and China's Xinjiang,developed an appropriate approach for ET inversion in arid lands.The actual ET during growing seasons of the study area was defined,and the changes in water participating in evaporation in regional water cycle were then educed.The results show the simulation error of SEBS (Surface Energy Balance System) model under cloud amount consideration was 1.34% at 30-m spatial scale,2.75% at 1-km spatial scale and 6.37% at 4-km spatial scale.ET inversion for 1980-2007 applying SEBS model in the study area indicates:(1) the evaporation depth (May-September) by land types descends in the order of waters (660.24 mm) > cultivated land (464.66 mm) > woodland (388.44 mm) > urbanized land (168.16 mm) > grassland (160.48 mm) > unused land (83.08 mm);and (2) ET during the 2005 growing season in Xinjiang and Central Asia was 2,168.68×10 8 m 3 (with an evaporation/precipitation ratio of 1.05) and 9,741.03×10 8 m 3 (with an evaporation/precipitation ratio of 1.4),respectively.The results unveiled the spatio-temporal variation rules of ET process in arid areas,providing a reference for further research on the water cycle and water balance in similar arid regions. 相似文献
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氯虫苯甲酰胺在甘蔗及土壤中的残留消解动态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了氯虫苯甲酰胺在甘蔗和土壤中残留的高效液相色谱检测方法,应用该方法对氯虫苯甲酰胺在甘蔗和土壤中的残留消解规律进行了研究。样品用乙腈提取,经Florisil固相萃取柱及N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)净化,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明:当添加水平为0.05~2 mg/kg时,氯虫苯甲酰胺在甘蔗植株地上部分(包括茎秆和叶片)、茎秆(去除叶片后的地上至肥厚带部位)和土壤中的平均回收率为77%~97%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.4%~11.6%。氯虫苯甲酰胺在3种基质中的最小检出量(LOD)均为0.2 ng,最低检测浓度(LOQ)均为0.05mg/kg。两年两地的田间残留试验结果表明:0.4%氯虫苯甲酰胺颗粒剂在甘蔗下种时一次沟施后覆土,以有效成分用量120和180 g/hm2施药时,在土壤中的原始沉积量在1.18~3.57 mg/kg之间,半衰期为12.4~18.2 d;成熟时采收,甘蔗茎秆中氯虫苯甲酰胺的残留量低于0.05 mg/kg。参照我国制定的甘蔗上氯虫苯甲酰胺的临时最大残留限量(TMRL)值0.05 mg/kg,按照推荐剂量及推荐剂量的1.5倍分别施药1次,成熟时采收甘蔗是安全的。 相似文献
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Pharmacokinetic properties and tissue residues of the insecticide sulfluramid (I) and its major metabolite desethylsulfluramid (II) were determined in healthy sheep after bolus intravenous (IV) administration (5 and 15 mg kg−1; n = 10) and bolus intraruminal (IR) administration (100 and 400 mg kg−1; n = 12) of I . Depression, lethargy, and dyspnea were noted for 4 h after the higher IV dose, but not after the other IV or IR doses. The time courses of the mean blood concentrations of I and II were best described by a two-compartment open model with rapid distribution and slow elimination phases. The blood-to-plasma concentration ratios for I and II were 1.43 (± 0.50) and 26.7 (± 9.41), respectively, suggesting binding of II to red blood cells. The T1/2β values for I and II for the higher IV dose of I were 15.3 (± 4.68) h and 63.4 (± 4.75) h and for the higher IR dose of I , 31.5 (± 5.41) h and 74.9 (± 7.49) h, respectively. Bioavailability was 28.6 (± 2.96)% for the lower IR dose and 19.5 (± 0.99)% for the higher IR dose. Cmax values for II were higher in female than male sheep after IR administration of I . Only II was found in tissue samples, with the highest concentration being in liver (9.4 (± 5.2) µg g−1). © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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为了探究不同水肥条件下环境材料对作物生长和氮磷利用效率的效应,通过盆栽玉米种植实验采用土壤持水量(A)、氮磷肥(B)、环境材料(C)三因素三水平正交实验设计,研究了高分子保水剂、沸石和腐植酸等环境材料组合对玉米生长和氮磷肥利用效率影响,筛选出作物增产和氮磷肥同步增效的三因素优化组合,并通过土壤肥力和酶活性分析揭示相关效应机理。结果表明,三因素对各项指标影响的主次顺序不同,A和B对玉米生长和氮磷肥利用效率的影响大于C,但C能够促进玉米生长和氮磷肥利用效率的提高,促进土壤碱解氮、有效磷含量的提高以及脲酶、磷酸酶活性的增加;土壤持水量65%~70%,每公斤土施肥1.5 g N、1.13 g P_2O_5,环境材料4.5 g的组合和土壤持水量85%~90%,每公斤土施肥1.5 g N、1.13 g P_2O_5,环境材料9 g的组合,作为提高玉米产量和氮磷肥利用效率的优化组合,在实践中可根据水分情况进行选择。 相似文献
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为优化花生生长发育的水钾耦合模式,以花育25为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,研究了花生根系形态及产量对水钾耦合效应的响应。结果表明,灌溉是关键因素,对根长具有显著影响,对根系生物量、根瘤数、根系平均直径、根系总体积、根系总表面积和荚果干产量均具有极显著影响。水分轻度胁迫W2(50%FC,FC为田间持水量)有利于根系的伸长,而湿润的土壤环境利于根系的增粗。各项指标水分效应平均值显示,W2处理根系总长最大,较水分适中W3(65%FC)提高了9.22%;根系直径W4(80%FC)W3(65%FC)W2(50%FC)W1(35%FC)。根系总表面积和总体积均随水分增多先增后减,最大值均在W3处理。增施钾肥利于根系生长发育,钾肥效应平均值显示,根系总体积、总表面积和总长均表现为K3(405 kg·hm~(-2))K2(270 kg·hm~(-2))K1(135 kg·hm~(-2))K0(0 kg·hm~(-2));根系生物量中钾(K2)和高钾(K3)处理分别较对照(K0)提高23.18%和9.27%。水钾耦合效应对根瘤数的影响达极显著水平,干旱情况下钾肥能促进根瘤的形成,在水分胁迫W1(35%FC)和轻度胁迫W2下,花生根瘤数随着施钾量的增加增大的趋势明显。适水中钾W3K2处理可以促进根系平均直径、总长、总表面积和总体积,该处理下的荚果产量最高,与同组不施钾处理(W3K0)相比增产12.7%。本试验条件下,水分控制在65%田间持水量,钾肥用量为270 kg·hm~(-2)时有利于促进根系的生长和根瘤的形成,提高产量,实现节水节肥。 相似文献
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氮磷营养对覆膜春玉米产量和品质的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对不同品种玉米在春覆膜及不同氮磷肥施用量条件下产量和籽粒主要品质变化的研究结果表明:氮肥和品种是影响玉米产量和籽粒品质的主要因素;在覆膜和露地栽培方式下,增施氮肥,玉米籽粒中蛋白质分别含量增加0.63%~0.87%、0.71%~0.75%,淀粉含量分别减少0.78%~1.74%、0.54%~1.02%;覆膜可增大不同品种玉米籽粒容重5.8~24.5g/L,增加籽粒淀粉含量0.32%~2.69%,降低籽粒中蛋白质含量0.29%~1.63%;施肥和覆膜对玉米籽粒脂肪和赖氨酸含量的影响较小。增施氮磷肥,能够明显提高玉米单产;春季覆膜栽培提高玉米单产777.00~2851.50kg/hm2。 相似文献