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Blue-green algal inhibition of diatom growth: transition from mesotrophic to eutrophic community structure 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Keating KI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,199(4332):971-973
Cell-free filtrates of axenic or bacterized cultures of the dominant blue-green algae from a freshwater lake inhibited the growth of diatoms isolated from the same lake. Lake waters, collected during blue-green algal blooms, also inhibited diatom growth. In situ observations over a 5-year period indicate that diatom bloom populations vary inversely with the levels of the preceding blue-green algal populations. Blue-green algal dominance of eutrophic lakes is attributed to this allelopathy, and dilution is proposed as one cause for the limited occurrence of blue-green alga dominance in marine waters. 相似文献
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[目的]探讨影响3个池塘形成不同藻类水华的生态学原因。[方法]2007年7～10月对河南省延津县3个形成不同藻类水华的养殖池塘进行逐月定点水生生物学和水化学调查与检测。[结果]1号塘为绿藻水华,优势种为衣藻、小球藻;2号塘为裸藻水华,优势种为裸藻（Euglena）;3号塘为微囊藻水华,优势种铜绿微囊藻。绿藻水华的发生与低含量的总磷（约0.86mg/L）和高的氮磷比（约13.1）有密切关系,裸藻水华的发生与高的总磷含量（约2.08mg/L）和低的氮磷比（约7.3）有显著关系,而微囊藻水华发生与较高的总磷含量（约1.30mg/L）和较高的氮磷比（约9.2）有密切关系。[结论]池塘藻类水华的控制应以预防为主,重点是调节控制好水质。 相似文献
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An autumn bloom of sea-ice algae was observed from February to June of 1992 within the upper 0.4 meter of multiyear ice in the Western Weddell Sea, Antarctica. The bloom was reliant on the freezing of porous areas within the ice that initiated a vertical exchange of nutrient-depleted brine with nutrient-rich seawater. This replenishment of nutrients to the algal community allowed the net production of 1760 milligrams of carbon and 200 milligrams of nitrogen per square meter of ice. The location of this autumn bloom is unlike that of spring blooms previously observed in both polar regions. 相似文献
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[目的]研究2014年四十里湾一次海洋卡盾藻赤潮发展过程及其成因。[方法]根据2014年8月7日至9月28日烟台四十里湾海域一次海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)赤潮的监测数据,对赤潮生消期间的水文、生物、化学要素进行了分析。[结果]赤潮面积约30 km~2,赤潮生物最高密度达2 910 000个/L。该海域充足的氮营养盐,尤其是NH_4-N浓度的突然升高、相对较低的PO_4-P浓度、适宜的盐度和水温等理化环境及低光照、低气压的气象条件是此次赤潮发生的关键因子。[结论]该研究可为今后赤潮暴发防控提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Four distinct viruses with double-stranded DNA are known to replicate in Chlorella-like algae symbiotic with hydras and paramecia. An attempt was made to infect a number of cultured Chlorella strains derived from invertebrate hosts with these viruses. One of the viruses, PBCV-1, replicated in two of the algal strains. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the viral DNA showed that the infectious progeny virus was identical to the input virus; thus, Koch's postulates were fulfilled. Viral infection of the two Chlorella strains has allowed the large-scale production of a eukaryotic algal virus and the development of a plaque assay for the virus. 相似文献
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蓝藻水华是富营养化湖泊常见的生态灾害,通过产生毒素、死亡分解时使水体缺氧和破坏正常的食物网威胁到饮用水安全、公众健康和景观,会造成严重的经济损失和社会问题,揭示其发生机理是进行防治的基础.综述了蓝藻水华发生机理的主要假说和证据,主要分为环境因子(营养盐、氮磷比、温度、微量元素、浮游动物牧食、水文和气象条件等)和生理生态特性(伪空泡、胶质鞘、CO2浓缩机制、适应低光强、贮藏营养物质、防晒、产毒素和固氮等)两个方面;评述了主要新理论,展望了今后的研究.到目前为止的研究表明寻找一两个关键因子并不能阐明蓝藻水华的发生机理.现存的理论或假说尽管已经在蓝藻水华的防治实践中产生重要作用,但仍然未能清楚地阐释其发生的客观规律.认为蓝藻水华是在各种环境因子(外因)的耦合驱动下,水华蓝藻由于其独特的生理生态特性(内因),产生巨大的生物量而在浮游植物群落中占绝对优势,在合适的水文气象条件下集聚于水表而形成.因此水华机理的研究应同时关注水华蓝藻的生理生态学规律和蓝藻水华发生的各种环境条件.不同环境因子协同影响水华蓝藻的不同生理生态特性的表达,从而影响水华的发生过程,将可能是以后研究的重点.蓝藻水华机理的研究在微观方面正趋向于应用分子生物学手段分析蓝藻生理过程,宏观方面则将广泛应用遥感遥测技术观测全湖蓝藻的变化规律.今后加强对水华蓝藻生理生态特性的基因表达与调控和环境多因子耦合作用于蓝藻水华过程的研究将有重要意义.蓝藻水华的机理研究包括现象、过程和原因3个层次的问题,通过大量的现象和过程的研究,不断揭示其发生过程中水华蓝藻的群落演替、种群发展、细胞活性和分子机理等变化规律,才能找到其发生的真正原因,为其防治提供理论依据和更好的治理措施.在蓝藻水华防治方面,控制营养盐和生态修复可能将是今后很长时间内最根本最有效和最具操作性的方法. 相似文献
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Teeling H Fuchs BM Becher D Klockow C Gardebrecht A Bennke CM Kassabgy M Huang S Mann AJ Waldmann J Weber M Klindworth A Otto A Lange J Bernhardt J Reinsch C Hecker M Peplies J Bockelmann FD Callies U Gerdts G Wichels A Wiltshire KH Glöckner FO Schweder T Amann R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6081):608-611
Phytoplankton blooms characterize temperate ocean margin zones in spring. We investigated the bacterioplankton response to a diatom bloom in the North Sea and observed a dynamic succession of populations at genus-level resolution. Taxonomically distinct expressions of carbohydrate-active enzymes (transporters; in particular, TonB-dependent transporters) and phosphate acquisition strategies were found, indicating that distinct populations of Bacteroidetes, Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria are specialized for successive decomposition of algal-derived organic matter. Our results suggest that algal substrate availability provided a series of ecological niches in which specialized populations could bloom. This reveals how planktonic species, despite their seemingly homogeneous habitat, can evade extinction by direct competition. 相似文献
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Study on the Possible Cause of Water Blooming and the Bloom-Prevention Technology in Lake Qiandaohu 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LIU Qi-gen CHEN Ma-kang TONG He-yi HE Guang-xi HONG Rong-hua CHEN Lai-sheng CHEN Li-qiao 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2004,3(8)
A hypothesis was formulated to explain the possible cause of water bloom occurring inLake Qiandaohu in 1998 and 1999. We tested this hypothesis with a 3-year in situ fieldstudy. The results showed that the reconstruction of the silver carp and bighead carppopulations, without other measures of nutrient control, could prevent the recurrence ofalgal bloom in the lake successfully. This result could serve as an evidence to thesuggested hypothesis for water blooming: The drastic decline of the filter feedingsilver carp and bighead carp in the lake, rather than the nutrients overloading, wasmainly responsible for the algal bloom. According to this study, we suggest a generalhypothesis to the ecological mechanism of algal blooming: The insufficient grazing fromthe phytoplanktivores (top-down control) to the algal reproduction from nutrientsavailable (bottom-up effect) is the radical cause of water blooming, while conventionally,it is primarily attributed to the enrichment of nutrients. Besides, this study showedthat stocking silver carp and bighead carp in lakes could improve water quality, whichis also contrary to the conventional opinion. Finally, this study provided a cost-effective and practicable approach to control water bloom for the large-sized reservoirs,especially when water blooming occurred locally. A net-enclosed aquaculture zone (NEAZ)can be established in the nutrients-exposure area of the waters and stocked with the twocarps, water bloom could be controlled and prevented. 相似文献
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[目的]分离和鉴定溶藻细菌,研究其溶藻特性,为进一步研究溶藻细菌对水华的治理作用提供帮助。[方法]从香溪河春季水华集聚区水体中分离得到1株有高效溶藻效果的菌株(H5),采用16S rDNA序列相似性分析和Biolog微生物自动鉴定系统等对细菌进行鉴定。采用直接计数法,研究了其对汉斯冠盘藻(Stephanodiscus hantzschii)、倪氏拟多甲藻(Peridiniopsis niei)、具尾逗隐藻(Komma cau-data)的抑制效果,及对汉斯冠盘藻的溶藻作用方式。[结果]根据生理生化及16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,H5属于纺缍形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)。该菌对汉斯冠盘藻、倪氏拟多甲藻、具尾逗隐藻的溶藻率最高为71.3%,最低为57.4%。培养滤液、热处理培养滤液对汉斯冠盘藻的生长具有明显抑制作用,而细菌无细胞提取物无溶藻能力。[结论]该菌对汉斯冠盘藻有较强的溶藻效果,且是通过分泌溶藻物质溶藻。 相似文献
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将同期的ENVISAT ASAR图像和MODIS图像进行配准,利用经过大气校正后的MODIS光学图像,根据分类决策树对图像EVI进行分类,借此对太湖的藻华和非藻华区域进行划分,并以此为据在ASAR图像上研究两者的V/V后向散射特性,使用阈值法对藻华范围进行提取,并将结果与MODIS图像上得到的藻华范围进行对比。结果表明,通过ASAR图像与MODIS图像得到的藻华范围较好地吻合,由此说明,在一定条件下,ASAR图像可以显示出藻华。最后从机理上探讨了风速对藻华成像的影响,分析了光学和微波图像提取藻华范围不完全一致的原因以及利用微波数据监测藻华的局限性。 相似文献
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Porter KG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1976,192(4246):1332-1334
Colonies of the common planktonic green alga, Sphaerocystis schroeteri, are only partially disrupted and assimilated by Daphnia magna, a natural predator. The Daphnia break up the outer protective gelatinous sheath that surrounds Sphaerocystis colonies, but most of the algal cells emerge from Daphnia guts intact and in viable condition. During gut passage, these viable cells take up nutrients, such as phosphorus, both from algal remains and from Daphnia metabolites. This nutrient supply stimulates algal carbon fixation and cell division. Enhanced algal growth, observed after gut passage, can compensate for the minor losses to the population caused by grazing. Nutrients regenerated by grazers may produce the summer bloom of gelatinous green algae during the seasonal succession of lake phytoplankton. 相似文献
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通过测定微囊藻模拟藻华颗粒和微囊藻水华藻华颗粒表面附生菌数量的变化,分析微囊藻（Microcystis）与附生假单胞菌（Pseudomonas）之间相互作用关系。结果表明,在死亡藻体的模拟藻华颗粒表面附生菌数量迅速增加,而活藻藻华颗粒表面附生菌数量增长缓慢,在培养后期藻体大量死亡,附生细菌的数量不断增加,最后超过死亡藻体的模拟藻华颗粒的附生细菌数量。附生细菌在天然微囊藻藻华上定殖和生长也呈现类似的趋势,由于附生菌同藻华中微囊藻之间存在竞争,附生菌的存在促进藻体团聚,抑制附生细菌的定殖,但是在微囊藻的衰亡期产生的大量营养物质有利于附生细菌的生长,水体中附生细菌的数量不断增加,同时天然藻华上附生细菌的数量也大量增加,有利于其生长和定殖。 相似文献
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Infection of normal human epithelial cells by Epstein-Barr virus 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Primary cultures of epithelial cells were grown from the tonsils and adenoids of patients with diseases not related to Epstein-Barr virus. The cells could not be infected by Epstein-Barr virus. Fluorescein-labeled Epstein-Barr virus and a cytofluorograph were then used to show that the epithelial cells do not have detectable receptors for the virus. However, implantation with Epstein-Barr virus receptors gave the cells the ability to bind the labeled virus. One to 5 percent of receptor-implanted cells exposed to the transforming B95-8 substrain of the virus expressed Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen. The early and viral capsid Epstein-Barr virus-determined antigens were not detected in the virus-infected cultures. The results show that normal human epithelial cells from the nasopharynx become susceptible to infection by Epstein-Barr virus when the membrane barrier resulting from the lack of viral receptors is overcome by receptor implantation. 相似文献
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Persistent noncytopathic infection of normal human T lymphocytes with AIDS-associated retrovirus 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
J A Hoxie B S Haggarty J L Rackowski N Pillsbury J A Levy 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,229(4720):1400-1402
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束丝藻（Aphanizomenon）是一种丝状固氮蓝藻,具有入侵性且易暴发有害水华。近年来,在全球气候变化推动下束丝藻的扩张已然成为一种世界范围的现象,其广泛分布在温带、热带水体中,因其能合成藻毒素和异味物质而严重影响水生态系统功能,威胁饮用水安全和人类健康。束丝藻耐低温、喜低光,在偏碱性、低氮高磷水体中增殖较快,并凭其固氮、储磷以及释放藻毒素、形成群体胶鞘等独特生态策略使其在种间竞争以及群落结构演替中获得较大竞争优势,成为优势种群。鉴于束丝藻的危害性和扩张性,本文从束丝藻的生理生态特性、分布特征、竞争优势及其关键驱动因子等研究前沿进行了综述,并对相关研究领域进行展望,为进一步研究束丝藻种群竞争优势形成机制,有效防控束丝藻水华提供科学依据。 相似文献
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微囊藻属是淡水湖泊常见的水华优势蓝藻藻种,也是洪泽湖夏秋季节常见的优势蓝藻,所引发的水华会使湖水变混浊,透明度下降;藻类腐败产生难闻的腥臭味,释放微囊藻毒素,影响水质安全。依据2011—2016年洪泽湖11个监测站点的监测资料,分析了洪泽湖微囊藻属组成及时空变化规律。结果表明,洪泽湖共检出微囊藻属4种,其中惠氏微囊藻、铜绿微囊藻出现频率较高且优势度较大,种群密度在夏秋季节明显高于冬春季节点;在空间分布上,成子湖区域、蒋坝等闸湾区域明显高于其他区域。最后提出了洪泽湖微囊藻属不同演替模式、不同分布规律全湖泊预警应急措施,为保障南水北调东线工程水质及饮用水安全、防控湖泊水华发生提供借鉴。 相似文献
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象山港滨海电厂温排水对浮游生物的生态影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用海洋数值模式ECOM-si耦合一个可用于实时计算的太阳辐射强度和海面热通量计算模块,采用N2P2ZD型生态模型,研究评估了象山港海域的浮游生物量受港内两大滨海电厂(国华电厂和乌沙山电厂)温排水的影响程度。数值模式的模拟结果表明,温排水及其卷载和余氯杀伤效应对海域的浮游生物量有显著影响,一定程度上改变了象山港浮游生物量的季节变化规律和空间分布特征。在春季和初夏等增温季节,温排水的存在可使藻华的发生期提前;夏季高温期,水温超过最佳生长温度,则使浮游植物生物量下降,且可降低赤潮发生的风险;在秋季降温期和冬季低温期,水温低于最佳生长温度,温排水有助于缓解水温的下降,有助于提高该时期海域的初级生产力。除了季节变化上有增有减外,浮游植物和浮游动物量年均水平由于温排水的温升和杀伤效应而降低,碎屑量随之上升,总体上弥补了海域水体总有机体含量的损失,但海域的年均总有机体变化量仍为负值。国华电厂温排水的影响大于乌沙山电厂。无论从温升范围和浮游生物量变化幅度上,国华电厂对铁港的影响都大于黄墩港。 相似文献