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1.
The cause of decadal climate variability over the North Pacific Ocean and North America is investigated by the analysis of data from a multidecadal integration with a state-of-the-art coupled ocean-atmosphere model and observations. About one-third of the low-frequency climate variability in the region of interest can be attributed to a cycle involving unstable air-sea interactions between the subtropical gyre circulation in the North Pacific and the Aleutian low-pressure system. The existence of this cycle provides a basis for long-range climate forecasting over the western United States at decadal time scales. 相似文献
2.
The association between climatic anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean, often called El Ni?o events, and annual corn production in the United States was investigated. Temperature and atmospheric pressure in parts of the United States have been correlated with El Ni?o events. This research suggests that in years in which an El Ni?o event causes surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific to become warmer than normal, there is a higher probability of an above-average corn crop in the United States. For years when sea surface temperatures are average or cool, no significant association is observed. 相似文献
3.
Meehl GA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,266(5183):263-267
Results from a global coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model and a model with specified tropical convective heating anomalies show that the South Asian monsoon was an active part of the tropical biennial oscillation (TBO). Convective heating anomalies over Africa and the western Pacific Ocean associated with the TBO altered the simulated pattern of atmospheric circulation for the Northern Hemisphere winter mid-latitude over Asia. This alteration in the mid-latitude circulation maintained temperature anomalies over South Asia through winter and helped set up the land-sea temperature contrast for subsequent monsoon development. South Asian snow cover contributed to monsoon strength but was symptomatic of the larger scale alteration in the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation pattern. 相似文献
4.
[目的]建立稻飞虱发生面积的预测模型,从大气环流的角度对每年的发生面积进行预测,指导稻飞虱的防治工作。[方法]分析历年的大气环流特征量的资料,选取与中国稻飞虱发生面积显著相关的大气环流因子,采用逐步回归法,建立预测模型。[结果]筛选出了与稻飞虱发生面积呈显著相关的因子,并分别建立了基于当年10月大西洋欧洲环流型W、当年10月太平洋区极涡面积指数、当年8月北美副高强度指数、当年6月大西洋欧洲环流型W、当年2月北美大西洋副高北界、当年10月大西洋欧洲区极涡强度指数和上年11月亚洲区极涡强度指数的白背飞虱发生面积预测模型和基于当年7月东太平洋副高强度指数、上年10月北半球极涡面积指数、上年11月亚洲区极涡强度指数、当年9月北美大西洋副高北界、当年1月北非大西洋北美副高北界、上年9月太阳黑子和当年9月东太平洋副高面积指数的褐飞虱发生面积预测模型。[结论]通过逐步回归法建立的基于大气环流因子的模型拟合效果较好,可用于实际预测。 相似文献
5.
Long-term aridity changes in the western United States 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The western United States is experiencing a severe multiyear drought that is unprecedented in some hydroclimatic records. Using gridded drought reconstructions that cover most of the western United States over the past 1200 years, we show that this drought pales in comparison to an earlier period of elevated aridity and epic drought in AD 900 to 1300, an interval broadly consistent with the Medieval Warm Period. If elevated aridity in the western United States is a natural response to climate warming, then any trend toward warmer temperatures in the future could lead to a serious long-term increase in aridity over western North America. 相似文献
6.
[目的]建立稻飞虱发生面积的预测模型,从大气环流的角度对每年的发生面积进行预测,指导稻飞虱的防治工作。[方法]分析历年的大气环流特征量的资料,选取与中国稻飞虱发生面积显著相关的大气环流因子,采用逐步回归法,建立预测模型。[结果]筛选出了与稻飞虱发生面积呈显著相关的因子,并分别建立了基于当年10月大西洋欧洲环流型W、当年10月太平洋区极涡面积指数、当年8月北美副高强度指数、当年6月大西洋欧洲环流型W、当年2月北美大西洋副高北界、当年10月大西洋欧洲区极涡强度指数和上年11月亚洲区极涡强度指数的白背飞虱发生面积预测模型和基于当年7月东太平洋副高强度指数、上年10月北半球极涡面积指数、上年11月亚洲区极涡强度指数、当年9月北美大西洋副高北界、当年1月北非大西洋北美副高北界、上年9月太阳黑子和当年9月东太平洋副高面积指数的褐飞虱发生面积预测模型。[结论]通过逐步回归法建立的基于大气环流因子的模型拟合效果较好,可用于实际预测。 相似文献
7.
The perfect ocean for drought 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The 1998-2002 droughts spanning the United States, southern Europe, and Southwest Asia were linked through a common oceanic influence. Cold sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the eastern tropical Pacific and warm SSTs in the western tropical Pacific and Indian oceans were remarkably persistent during this period. Climate models show that the climate signals forced separately by these regions acted synergistically, each contributing to widespread mid-latitude drying: an ideal scenario for spatially expansive, synchronized drought. The warmth of the Indian and west Pacific oceans was unprecedented and consistent with greenhouse gas forcing. Some implications are drawn for future drought. 相似文献
8.
为了探索发现濮阳市初夏降水出现明显异常的主要原因,提前做好气候预测,提出合理的防范措施,以应对气候变化、服务农业生产及地方经济发展。采用统计分析的方法,使用濮阳市的降水历史资料,结合国家气候中心的气候监测资料,对濮阳市初夏出现重旱年份的资料表现特征进行综合分析。结果表明：濮阳市初夏出现重旱的年份,北半球欧亚区域大气环流均出现异常,极涡偏弱、偏北、偏西,东亚大槽较常年深厚且偏东,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱、偏东、偏南,太阳黑子平均相对数的异常变化与濮阳市初夏出现重旱有对应关系,东太平洋海温异常引起的厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件与濮阳市初夏出现重旱有一定的相关性,大尺度的环流形势特征具有较好的持续性,前期的气候背景对后期气候预测具有指示意义;初夏重旱发生较频繁,对大秋作物的正常播种和出苗率及幼苗生长十分不利,采取相应的防御对策,可以把干旱灾害损失减轻到最低程度。 相似文献
9.
Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the cold tongue of the eastern equatorial Pacific exert powerful controls on global atmospheric circulation patterns. We examined climate variability in this region from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present, using a SST record reconstructed from magnesium/calcium ratios in foraminifera from sea-floor sediments near the Galápagos Islands. Cold-tongue SST varied coherently with precession-induced changes in seasonality during the past 30,000 years. Observed LGM cooling of just 1.2 degrees C implies a relaxation of tropical temperature gradients, weakened Hadley and Walker circulation, southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and a persistent El Ni?o-like pattern in the tropical Pacific. This is contrasted with mid-Holocene cooling suggestive of a La Ni?a-like pattern with enhanced SST gradients and strengthened trade winds. Our results support a potent role for altered tropical Pacific SST gradients in global climate variations. 相似文献
10.
我国北方大面积干旱成因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2010～2011年冬季我国北方地区发生大面积持续干旱,部分地区干旱程度达到了特大干旱。资料显示,至今旱情仍来得到有效缓解。根据相关资料,分析了干旱发生过程中气温的异常、降水量的明显变化以及大气环流等原因。结果表明,2010—2011年我国北方大部分地区温度偏低、降水量明显减少、大气环流场异常等自然因素以及人为因素是造成干旱灾害的主要原因,并揭示了温度、降水量、大气环流等原因与“拉尼娜”现象的关系,说明“拉尼娜”现象间接地造成此次旱灾。 相似文献
11.
Namias J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,170(3959):741-743
The past cool decade over the eastern United States is attributed to increased deployment of polar air masses set in motion by responses of the upper-air wind circulation of the Northern Hemisphere to large-scale air-sea coupling over the North Pacific. 相似文献
12.
Unraveling the mystery of Indian monsoon failure during El Niño 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The 132-year historical rainfall record reveals that severe droughts in India have always been accompanied by El Ni?o events. Yet El Ni?o events have not always produced severe droughts. We show that El Ni?o events with the warmest sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific are more effective in focusing drought-producing subsidence over India than events with the warmest SSTs in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The physical basis for such different impacts is established using atmospheric general circulation model experiments forced with idealized tropical Pacific warmings. These findings have important implications for Indian monsoon forecasting. 相似文献
13.
[目的]分析2009年湘西北夏秋严重干旱灾害天气。[方法]根据2009年6～9月湘西北张家界干旱期间的气象资料,对这次夏秋连旱的灾害特点进行了分析;并利用NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5°再分析资料,采用气候诊断方法,从中高纬环流特征、西太平洋副热带高压及赤道中东太平洋海表温度异常特征、热带系统活动等方面,对这次严重干旱的成因进行初步分析。[结果]2009年湘西北夏秋严重干旱的特点是发展速度快、影响范围广、持续时间长、受灾损失大、高温酷暑时间长,其影响范围、持续时间及危害程度历史上罕见。干旱期间（6～9月）的大气环流异常,北半球极涡偏弱,中心偏北,欧亚中高纬为两槽一脊型,巴湖附近和鄂霍次克海到我国东部沿海各有一长波槽,而贝加尔湖至中亚地区有长波脊维持;长波脊稳定在90°～110°E中亚地区。6月中旬～9月中旬,西风指数向高指数调整,欧亚中高纬以纬向环流为主,在高纬度锋区上的冷空气是沿纬圈方向以小振幅波动形式向东传播,很难越过45°N附近这一西风屏障到达较低纬度;与此同时,西太平洋副热带高压北跳长期控制江南和华南地区,盛行下沉气流,酷热少雨,导致干旱迅速发展。6月开始赤道中东太平洋海温升高进入厄尔尼诺状态,凡是在春、夏季开始出现明显增温的厄尔尼诺事件,在厄尔尼诺爆发的当年或次年长江中下游梅雨量一般以偏少为主,偏少概率80%。厄尔尼诺年台风生成个数偏少,再加上受强大的西太平洋副热带高压影响,台风登陆的路径偏东或偏南,此类台风对缓解湘西北的干旱作用不大。[结论]该研究为短期气候预测水平和极端气候事件认识的提高提供理论依据。 相似文献
14.
以2008年12月—2009年2月三门峡市发生的严重冬旱为例,利用1958—2016年三门峡站的常规观测资料和非常规资料,通过对单站历史资料和大气环流特征分析,初步总结出该地区冬季严重干旱的成因。结果表明,前一年夏季和秋季降水持续偏少、气温持续偏高,是导致冬季严重干旱的诱因;冬季前期(12月—次年1月)长时间持续无降水时,一般对应冬季将要出现严重干旱;西太平洋副高减弱,西风带少低槽活动,是导致三门峡市严重干旱的直接原因。 相似文献
15.
van der Werf GR Randerson JT Collatz GJ Giglio L Kasibhatla PS Arellano AF Olsen SC Kasischke ES 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5654):73-76
During the 1997 to 1998 El Ni?o, drought conditions triggered widespread increases in fire activity, releasing CH4 and CO2 to the atmosphere. We evaluated the contribution of fires from different continents to variability in these greenhouse gases from 1997 to 2001, using satellite-based estimates of fire activity, biogeochemical modeling, and an inverse analysis of atmospheric CO anomalies. During the 1997 to 1998 El Ni?o, the fire emissions anomaly was 2.1 +/- 0.8 petagrams of carbon, or 66 +/- 24% of the CO2 growth rate anomaly. The main contributors were Southeast Asia (60%), Central and South America (30%), and boreal regions of Eurasia and North America (10%). 相似文献
16.
About 70 percent of tropical western Atlantic mollusk species have become extinct since the Pliocene, which has led to perceptions of a corresponding decline in diversity. However, a compilation of gastropod species from Plio-Pleistocene faunas of the United States Atlantic coastal plain and from Recent western Atlantic faunas indicates that regional diversity has not changed since the Pliocene. Gastropod diversity in the Pliocene Pinecrest Beds in Florida approximates that seen today on either coast of Florida. Gastropod diversity is not demonstrably different in the Recent tropical western Atlantic than in the Recent tropical eastern Pacific. High extinction rates must have been balanced by high origination rates. 相似文献
17.
A rapid increase in greenhouse gas levels is thought to have fueled global warming at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Foraminiferal magnesium/calcium ratios indicate that bottom waters warmed by 4 degrees to 5 degrees C, similar to tropical and subtropical surface ocean waters, implying no amplification of warming in high-latitude regions of deep-water formation under ice-free conditions. Intermediate waters warmed before the carbon isotope excursion, in association with downwelling in the North Pacific and reduced Southern Ocean convection, supporting changing circulation as the trigger for methane hydrate release. A switch to deep convection in the North Pacific at the PETM onset could have amplified and sustained warming. 相似文献
18.
On the cause of the 1930s Dust Bowl 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Schubert SD Suarez MJ Pegion PJ Koster RD Bacmeister JT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5665):1855-1859
During the 1930s, the United States experienced one of the most devastating droughts of the past century. The drought affected almost two-thirds of the country and parts of Mexico and Canada and was infamous for the numerous dust storms that occurred in the southern Great Plains. In this study, we present model results that indicate that the drought was caused by anomalous tropical sea surface temperatures during that decade and that interactions between the atmosphere and the land surface increased its severity. We also contrast the 1930s drought with other North American droughts of the 20th century. 相似文献
19.
Seltzer GO Rodbell DT Baker PA Fritz SC Tapia PM Rowe HD Dunbar RB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5573):1685-1686
Glaciation in the humid tropical Andes is a sensitive indicator of mean annual temperature. Here, we present sedimentological data from lakes beyond the glacial limit in the tropical Andes indicating that deglaciation from the Last Glacial Maximum led substantial warming at high northern latitudes. Deglaciation from glacial maximum positions at Lake Titicaca, Peru/Bolivia (16 degrees S), and Lake Junin, Peru (11 degrees S), occurred 22,000 to 19,500 calendar years before the present, several thousand years before the B?lling-Aller?d warming of the Northern Hemisphere and deglaciation of the Sierra Nevada, United States (36.5 degrees to 38 degrees N). The tropical Andes deglaciated while climatic conditions remained regionally wet, which reflects the dominant control of mean annual temperature on tropical glaciation. 相似文献
20.
Tropical origins for recent North Atlantic climate change 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Evidence is presented that North Atlantic climate change since 1950 is linked to a progressive warming of tropical sea surface temperatures, especially over the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The ocean changes alter the pattern and magnitude of tropical rainfall and atmospheric heating, the atmospheric response to which includes the spatial structure of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The slow, tropical ocean warming has thus forced a commensurate trend toward one extreme phase of the NAO during the past half-century. 相似文献