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1.
Liver disease can influence the metabolism of various other organs. Regarding the influence of liver diseases on muscles, only a few studies done on people exist. The goal of our study was to investigate the influence of liver diseases on muscles in dogs. Twenty-eight dogs with different liver diseases were investigated in this study. The diagnosis of muscle alteration was based on electromyography (EMG), creatine kinase serum activity, 3-methylhistidine serum concentration and a muscle biopsy in some cases. Our results suggest that liver diseases in dogs can be accompanied with muscle alteration. 3-Methylhistidine serum concentration as a new parameter for muscle destruction in dogs was significantly increased compared to clinical healthy dogs and was comparable to those concentrations in dogs with histologically confirmed myopathy of different types. The differentiation of the liver diseases into severe hepatitis, moderate hepatitis and liver tumours showed a significant elevation of 3-methylhistidine serum concentration in cases of liver tumours (P=0.03) and a tendency in cases of severe hepatitis (P=0.07). Based on our study we can conclude that liver diseases have an influence on muscles in dogs and 3-methylhistidine could be a useful parameter for muscle destruction. 相似文献
2.
F Schaffner 《Veterinary pathology》1975,12(2):145-156
Drugs and other chemicals are usually metabolized in the liver in the drug-metabolizing enzyme system. The metabolites sometimes bind with cellular macromolecules and injure the cell directly or serve as new antigens to create immunologic injury in a delayed fashion. The immediate or toxic injury is dose-dependent, predictable and zonal in the liver lobule, usually in the central region. Carbon tetrachloride intoxication and acetaminophen overdose are examples of injury resulting from microsomal metabolism. Other injuries related to microsomal metabolism are those produced by vinyl chloride in polymerization plant workers and by methotrexate in psoriatics or leukemic children. Most adverse drug reactions affecting the liver and producing jaundice are unpredictable, delayed in onset, and only hypothetically related to microsomal metabolism in some instances. The two main types are cholestasis and viral-hepatitis-like. The former may be in a pure form, in which case it may be partly dose-dependent, or in a form mixed with hepatitis. Many drugs produce cholestasis in a small percentage of persons, and because the reaction is benign, albeit prolonged at times, such drugs continue to be used. The viral-hepatitis-like reaction involves few drugs and affects few persons, but can be fatal. The recognition that chronic hepatitis can be caused by drugs such as oxyphenisatin, alpha-methyldopa, and isoniazid has added a new dimension to the clinical problem of adverse drug reactions, which may extend to widely used and commonly available agents like aspirin. 相似文献
3.
为了考察姜黄素对草鱼肝损伤的修复作用,选用患有肝胆综合症草鱼为研究对象,以草鱼肝组织形态及血清生化指标为主要考察指标,进行了姜黄素的肝损伤修复作用初步研究.试验结果显示,姜黄素拌饲投喂7d后,给药组、对照药组与空白对照组相比,肝功能相关的生化指标(MDA、AST、ALT、LDH、T-SOD、CAT、GSH-PX)以及肝脏病理得到较为显著改善.结果表明,姜黄素对草鱼肝损伤具有一定的修复作用. 相似文献
4.
Schwan EV Miller DB de Kock D van Heerden A 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2000,71(3):197-200
Acute liver failure was diagnosed in a 12-year-old cat. Fine needle aspirate cytology revealed high numbers of unsheathed microfilariae and a hepatocellular reaction with no evidence of bacterial infection. The microfilariae were identified as those of Dirofilaria repens by acid phosphatase staining. The high number of microfilariae seen in both the blood and the liver aspirate samples as well as the favourable response to ivermectin amongst other drugs administered, is suggestive that D. repens was the cause of the liver insult. A positive result obtained with an antigen-capture ELISA (Dirochek) for Dirofilaria immitis antigen was interpreted as false. This is the 1st report of Dirofilaria repens for South Africa. 相似文献
5.
L. Su L. Dong S. Bughio M. Guo L. Wang 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2014,37(1):53-58
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) is a member of ABC (ATP‐binding cassette) transporter superfamily that occurs in a variety of tissues including liver and small intestine of animals. As BCRP is involved in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination, modulation of its expression may affect the clinical efficacy of drugs. However, little is known about the effects of coccidiosis or colibacillosis infection on the levels of BCRP expression in chickens. Here, we studied the effect of infection with Escherichia coli (E. coli) or Eimeriida mixture (E. necatrix and E. tenella) on the expression levels of ABCG2 mRNA and BCRP in the different segments of small intestine and liver in chickens. Expression of ABCG2 mRNA or BCRP was detected in the entire small intestine and liver of healthy chickens, and the expression levels in liver and ileum were significantly higher than duodenum and jejunum. Infection with E. coli or Eimeriida mixture resulted in significant decrease in ABCG2 mRNA and BCRP expression in liver, ileum, and jejunum, but not in duodenum, in comparison with noninfection control. The results indicate that coccidiosis or colibacillosis infection inhibits BCRP expression in chickens, which may consequently influence drug distribution and therapeutic efficacy. 相似文献
6.
不同比例螺旋藻多糖与银杏叶提取物对小鼠抗疲劳作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究不同比例螺旋藻多糖与银杏叶提取物复合后对小鼠的抗疲劳作用。将螺旋藻多糖(PSP)与银杏叶提取物(GBE)按不同比例复合,以200 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)剂量分别灌服小鼠,给药14 d后造小鼠疲劳模型。通过检测小鼠力竭游泳时间、血清乳酸、血清尿素氮含量、肝脏肌糖原和肝糖原含量及心脏、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏指数变化,观察复合螺旋藻多糖的抗疲劳效果。结果发现供试药物均可显著延长小鼠的力竭游泳时间,减少运动过程中乳酸和血清尿素氮的产生、加速乳酸的消除,还可增加肌糖原和肝糖原储备。另外,灌服供试药物对小鼠的体重增长、肝脏指数、肾脏指数无显著影响(P0.05),但可显著提高小鼠的心脏指数和脾脏指数(P0.01)。结果可知试验的供试药物均可显著提高小鼠的运动耐力,延缓疲劳的产生或加速疲劳的消除,具有一定的抗疲劳作用。PSP与GBE以1∶1和2∶1比例复合使用对提高小鼠的抗疲劳能力能产生较好的协同增效作用。 相似文献
7.
巴贝斯虫病广泛存在于热带和亚热带国家,给畜牧业造成严重的经济损失,目前对于巴贝斯虫病的治疗尚无特效药, 作者就近年来治疗巴贝斯虫病的药物研究现状进行综述。常用的较为有效的药物咪唑苯脲对肝功能具有损伤作用,阿托伐醌和阿奇霉素联用可造成寄生虫细胞色素b基因突变,且复发感染和寄生虫对药物产生耐药性较为严重。对于抗巴贝斯虫的化合物开发主要集中在噻唑和咪唑等杂环化合物及其衍生物等。利用分子生物学的方法寻找寄生虫中适当的靶基因并进行其颉颃剂的研究取得了一定的效果,另外还有一些试验结果显示部分传统药物对于抗巴贝斯虫有效。 相似文献
8.
W L Jenkins 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1986,2(3):527-552
Many factors may influence the actions and fates of anesthetic and anesthetic-related agents in ruminant animals. These considerations need to be taken into account when these drugs are employed clinically. Some of the major principles governing the disposition of CNS-active drugs are reviewed, with special emphasis on the uniqueness of ruminant animals. General pharmacokinetic considerations are also covered as a preamble to a commentary on the kinetic characteristics of anesthetic and anesthetic-related agents that are commonly used in domesticated ruminants. 相似文献
9.
Despite its widespread presence among grazing ruminants, dicrocoeliosis, also known as "small liver fluke" disease, is poorly known and often underestimated by researchers and practitioners in many countries. This is primarily due to the multiple parasitic infections which affect ruminant livestock and mask the pathology of dicrocoeliosis, to the difficulties in diagnosing it with coprological techniques and, finally, to the few effective drugs found. Furthermore, the biological cycle of Dicrocoelium, which requires a snail and an ant as intermediate hosts, and the high number of ecological and epidemiological variables affecting the disease make it difficult to set up experimental designs to study dicrocoeliosis. In the past 50 years, many aspects of this disease have been broadly investigated (aetiology, life cycle, diffusion, epidemiology, pathogenesis and immunology) but its diagnosis and treatment still remain moot issues. Dicrocoeliosis often remains clinically undetected and its diagnosis is mostly based on adult dicrocoelia recovered in the liver post mortem or on egg detected at coprological examination. The prophylaxis of the small liver fluke has been difficult and unsatisfactory to date due to the complexity of its biological life cycle and epidemiology. Many anti-helminthic drugs are practically ineffective against dicrocoeliosis if used at the dosage recommended against other gastrointestinal helminths and lungworms. The most important aspects of the aetiology, biological cycle, spread, epidemiology and pathogenesis of dicrocoeliosis are reviewed and the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment are focused on. 相似文献
10.
Okulicz M Bialik I Chichłowska J 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2005,89(11-12):367-372
The effect of gluconasturtiin (GNST) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) on some metabolic changes and antioxidative parameters in the rat was tested using different doses of PEITC and duration of GNST or PEITC ingestion. Their effect on antioxidative processes was previously observed, however, their influence on metabolic changes is still poorly characterized. In the performed experiment, the effect of GNST (0.5 mg/kg BW) and PEITC (0.1 mg/kg BW or 0.3 mg/kg BW) administered intragastrically after 4 h or 14 days to growing male rats was studied. PEITC at both doses after 4 h of its administration caused a considerable increase in liver cholesterol and triglyceride content with a concomitant drop in the amount of glycogen. Blood glucose, free fatty acids, phospholipids and total, free, esterified cholesterol as well as cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein were not altered. GNST, at its short-time ingestion, augmented significantly the concentration of triglycerides in blood serum. The compounds tested had no influence on metabolic changes after a longer period of action with the exception of glycogen values in liver, which were substantially augmented by PEITC at both doses. Our trial revealed a lack of GNST and PEITC influence on the content of liver sulphhydryl groups and on glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase activities. The only distinct change in the content of malonodialdehyde was observed after short-time action of lower dose of PEITC. Our research showed that the short-term PEITC action constituted a significant factor interfering with liver metabolism. Although PEITC has been repeatedly advocated as very promising anticancer agent, in our experiment, the lower dose of PEITC was revealed as a pro-oxidative substance. These inconsistent properties seem to depend on its dose and time of action. 相似文献
11.
Chronic hepatitis in the dog encompasses a diverse group of liver diseases characterised by a mixed inflammatory infiltrate within the hepatic parenchyma but with multiple causes. The aetiology is often unknown. Potential causes include hepatic copper accumulation, drugs, infections, and, speculatively, immune-mediated disease. Diagnosis is made based on liver biopsy. Treatment is predominantly supportive, while corticosteroids may be indicated in selected cases with idiopathic chronic hepatitis. 相似文献
12.
介绍了中西方兽药广告宣传的各种表现形式,分析了中西方文化差异对兽药广告宣传的影响,提出了我国兽药广告宣传在融合中西方文化的同时,要多学习西方优秀作品的创意,使之相互融合、相互渗透的发展建议,从而推动我国优秀的兽药企业及兽药产品走向世界。 相似文献
13.
14.
Neumann S Welling H Thuere S 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2007,54(10):612-617
Liver diseases are known to influence the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in humans, but such an effect has rarely been investigated in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate serum IGF-I concentrations in dogs with primary liver diseases, in comparison with levels in healthy dogs and dogs with non-hepatic diseases. For this purpose, IGF-I serum concentrations were measured (DSL-5600 kit) in 36 dogs with various liver diseases and compared with 22 healthy controls and 20 dogs with non-hepatic diseases. The results showed that dogs with liver diseases had significantly lower IGF-I serum concentrations (P < 0.001) than clinical healthy dogs or dogs with non-hepatic diseases. But the results also indicate that the aetiology of liver disease has no influence on IGF-I serum concentration. 相似文献
15.
16.
The pharmacokinetics of three drugs proposed for the assessment of liver function: sulphobromophthalein (BSP), lidocaine and indocyanine green (ICG) were determined in sheep four, eight, 12, 16 and 24 weeks after their infestation by an oral administration of 150 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. The disposition of BSP was altered by a significant decrease in its total plasma clearance from eight weeks after infection onwards. This change could be related to the low values of the elimination rate constant consistent with a reduced liver cytosolic conjugation of the dye to glutathione. Lidocaine pharmacokinetics were unaffected by parasitism and the only effect on ICG was an increased volume of distribution consistent with the liver hypertrophy caused by the subclinical fascioliasis. 相似文献
17.
A tourniquet was used in conjunction with a mechanical threshold testing device to investigate the suitability of the technique for the investigation of analgesic drugs in sheep. The changes to the mechanical thresholds to noxious stimulation during and after the inflation of a pneumatic tourniquet on a limb were recorded, and the influence of pre-treatment with two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was studied. Fentanyl, an opioid agonist with known analgesic properties in sheep, was used as a positive control. The tourniquet significantly reduced the mechanical thresholds on the ipsi- but not the contralateral limb. Pretreatment with either flunixin meglumine or carprofen attenuated the development of mechanical hyperalgesia, and fentanyl initially caused a significant anti-nociceptive effect. The time to aversion was not significantly different between the treatments. These results suggest that hyperalgesia induced by a tourniquet may be a useful technique for the investigation of the anti-nociceptive effects of analgesic drugs in sheep. 相似文献
18.
J Arnbjerg 《Nordisk veterinaermedicin》1979,31(4):145-154
Based on experiences from anaesthesia of approximately 7000 cats in a four year period the effects of a combination of 20--25 mg/kg Ketamine and 0.5 mg/kg Xylazine given i/m are described. In the present study the Xylazine has been applied in considerably lower doses, compared with previous reports on these drugs, and this change has reduced the unwanted side effects, without at the same time reducing the effect on the muscular tension and the psychical disturbances induced by the Ketamine. Ketamine and Xylazine were given in one injection after being taken in the named sequence and mixed in the syringe. Indication for anaesthetizing the cats were, besides routine surgery in the out-patient clinic, operations of weakened animals for pyometra, foreign bodies, intestinal invaginations with and without resection, removal of abdominal tumors and urolithiasis. Animals with impared liver function were not anaesthetized with these drugs due to the important role of liver metabolism in their excretion. In spite of the fact that the corneal and laryngeal reflexes normally persist, the combination of the two drugs allowed surgery in these organs after application of local anaesthetics as an extra precaution. Premedication with atropine has not been used routinely, and still only very few cases of increased salivation or vomiting have been observed. Aspiration has not been a complication and in the whole material, only 3 deaths have occurred, none of them with a specific post mortem finding besides shock. In these 3 cases the patient died later than 45 minutes after the injection and after ended surgery. Side effects ascribed to phenomena of interaction have not been observed. One cat was anaesthetized a number of times during pregnancy without any effect on the cat or its kittens. It is concluded, that the Ketamine/Xylazine combination, when mixed as prescribed gives a very safe and pleasant narcosis, and that side effects are minimized, if the corneas are moistened with an ophthalmic ointment and the patient is allowed to recover in dark and quiet surroundings. 相似文献
19.
Rönchen S Scholz B Hamann H Distl O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2008,121(1-2):11-18
The influence of different housing systems on adiposis of liver, abdomen and heart was evaluated in 670 Lohmann Silver (LS) and 240 Lohmann Tradition (LT) laying hens during two trials. Examinations took place in the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th laying month. In addition, serum concentration of triglycerides (TRI) was analysed. Housing systems included in this study were a furnished cage system (Aviplus (AP)), a small group housing system (Eurovent 625a-EU (EV)), with perches on the same (first trial) and on different levels (second trial, MEV), and an aviary system (Voliere Natura (AV)). In both trials, a significantly lower fat status of abdomen and liver could be observed in hens housed in AV. Consistently in both trials, body weight and housing system had the largest influence on fat status of liver, abdomen and heart. Scores of fat status of liver and abdomen in EV and MEV were in between of those observed in AV and AP, while heart fat status did not differ among housing systems. With an increasing macroscopic fat status of the liver, liver weight and TRI concentration significantly increased. Different perch positions in MEV did not have a significant influence on fat status in layers. 相似文献
20.
【目的】 探讨常见兽药恩诺沙星(ENR)、喹烯酮(QCT)、土霉素(OTC)和硫酸多黏菌素B(PMB)对细胞的单一及联合毒性效应。【方法】 以L02、AML12、Marc145、HEK293T、TM3和SK-N-SH细胞为模型, 通过结晶紫染色获得不同浓度下4种药物对6种细胞的相对抑制率, 进行浓度-效应方程拟合, 并分别计算药物在不同生长抑制率下的效应浓度(ECF, 其中F=10、20、25、33、50)。按EC50∶EC50、EC33∶EC33∶EC33、EC25∶EC25∶EC25∶EC25的比例分别进行二元、三元、四元药物等毒性比混合, 以1/2为稀释因子进行浓度梯度处理, 计算抑制率并拟合实际作用曲线, 采用浓度加和模型(CA)和独立作用模型(IA)法评价不同药物之间的联合效应。【结果】 4种药物对6类细胞的生长抑制均存在剂量-效应关系, 无论在哪种细胞中, QCT的毒性最强, PMB毒性最小。4种抗菌药两两组合出现协同的概率较高, 尤其是与OTC的组合, OTC+QCT在6种细胞中均有明显的协同抑制。TM3细胞中易出现相加而对肝细胞和肾细胞协同的可能性更大, 对不同的细胞同一组合的效应变化可能不同。在三元和四元组合中, 相加效应出现的概率上升且变化更为复杂, 易随浓度的变化出现多段效应。【结论】 常见兽药对肝脏、肾脏、神经及生殖细胞具有一定毒性, 且这些药物的联合毒性效应不是简单的相加, 组分、浓度等会影响联合效应, 在应用时要注意配伍禁忌。 相似文献