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1.
磷素水平对大豆氮素积累及产量的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用砂培方法和15N示踪技术研究了磷素水平对大豆氮素积累、根瘤固氮和产量的影响。结果表明:大豆植株氮素积累、根瘤固氮和产量均随磷素营养水平的提高而呈单峰曲线变化,营养液磷素浓度31mg/L左右时达到峰值,当营养液磷素浓度达11mg/L时,再提高磷素浓度对大豆根瘤固氮率无明显促进作用;而对于大豆植株氮素积累、根瘤固氮量和产量,只有当营养液磷素浓度达到21mg/L时,再提高磷素浓度才无明显促进所用,表明满足根瘤固氮的磷素营养水平较产量形成的水平要求低。 相似文献
2.
磷素子粒生产效率不同品种的小麦磷素吸收利用差异 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
盆栽试验研究了130份小麦不同生育时期的干物重、磷素含量、子粒产量等指标,采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法将供试品种按磷素子粒生产效率从低到高依次分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ 6个类型,研究不同类型磷素吸收利用的差异。结果表明: 1)供试品种的磷素子粒生产效率差异较大(CV=1660%),Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ类品种的平均磷素子粒生产效率为P 13629、15167、16916、18589、20132、24466 g/g。子粒产量随磷素子粒生产效率提高呈增加趋势(r=03203**)。2)不同生育时期,小麦植株磷浓度与吸磷量类型间差异显著或极显著。成熟期磷素子粒生产效率与植株磷浓度极显著正相关(r=06969**),子粒产量与抽穗期、成熟期植株吸磷量显著或极显著相关(r=02966*、r=09271**)。3)不同生育时期磷素干物质生产效率的类间差异均达显著水平; 成熟期磷素干物质生产效率与磷素子粒生产效率极显著正相关 (r=07391**)。4)拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期干物重均表现出随磷素子粒生产效率增加而增加的趋势,成熟期尤为突出。拔节期成熟期磷素吸收量是影响子粒产量形成的重要因素,磷素子粒生产效率高的品种在拔节期后有较强干物质和子粒产量形成能力。 相似文献
3.
为探究氮高效水稻磷素吸收利用的基本特点及其与氮素吸收的关系。在大田条件下,于2012-2013年,以114个染色体单片断代换系水稻为供试材料,研究其产量、氮磷吸收利用等性状,并以成熟期吸氮量和产量将供试材料聚类分成6种不同氮效率类型水稻。结果表明,供试群体成熟期吸磷量差异较大,变幅为2.54~5.46 g·m-2;氮高效水稻成熟期吸磷量显著高于其他氮效率水稻,增幅达8.99%~47.24%;氮高效水稻结实期总吸磷量显著高于其他类型水稻,各器官吸磷量也有相似的趋势;氮高效水稻单茎吸磷量、干物质量大;吸磷量影响因子对成熟期吸磷量的贡献表明,结实期吸磷量、穗吸磷量、全株含磷率、单穗吸磷量、吸磷强度均高于同组因子,通径分析与相关分析结果一致;氮高效水稻磷素利用效率除吸磷增量籽粒生产效率显著高于其他类型外,其他各指标均处于中等或较低水平;成熟期吸磷量和吸氮量均对产量有正向促进作用,吸氮量贡献更大。综上,氮高效水稻无论是全株还是各器官成熟期磷素吸收量均较大,结实期表现的更明显,但磷素利用效率中等;氮高效水稻磷素吸收能力强与其单茎吸收量、吸氮强度大有密切关系;氮高效水稻磷素吸收与氮素吸收密切相关。本研究结果为水稻磷素高效吸收利用提供了理论参考。 相似文献
4.
磷是大豆植株的重要组成元素,对大豆的产量形成有重要作用。试验以绥农14、小金黄和秣食豆为试验材料,对大豆不同生育时期不同器官的磷素含量动态变化和磷素积累分配与转运规律进行研究。结果表明:(1)大豆叶片、叶柄、茎、根中的磷素含量随生育进程而下降,荚果中磷素含量呈先降低后升高的变化动态;(2)大豆植株磷素积累量随着生育进程而增加,叶片、叶柄、茎、根的磷素积累量呈单峰曲线变化,荚果的磷素积累量一直增加;(3)出苗至初花期(R1)、初花期(R1)至鼓粒初期(R5)、鼓粒初期(R5)至成熟期(R8)的磷素积累量占总积累量的比例3个供试品种平均为27.83%±12.57%、38.47%±3.87%、33.70%±8.93%;(4)在大豆生育前期叶片为磷素积累中心,其次为茎部,而到生育后期积累中心转移至荚果;(5)荚果中的磷素40.04%来自营养器官的转入,其中,来自叶片、叶柄、茎、根转移的比例分别为9.64%±3.95%、6.89%±3.16%、19.97%±3.97%、3.53%±1.27%。 相似文献
5.
矮壮素对马铃薯磷素营养动态变化和产量的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
通过对生育前期的马铃薯品种"中薯3号"喷施浓度为0、1.5、2.0和2.5g/L矮壮素(chlorocholine chloride,CCC)后,应用32P示踪技术研究其对磷素营养及其平均每穴产量的影响。结果表明:在各出苗后天数,CCC增加了植株对磷素的吸收,植株中的磷素主要分配到地上茎和叶中,按其相对含磷量依次为地上茎>叶>根>地下茎;植株吸磷量随其生长而增加,但在生育后期总株的吸磷量减少;在各出苗后天数,2.0g/L处理对中薯3号的总株吸磷量增加最大;1.5、2.0、2.5g/LCCC处理使中薯3号平均每穴产量分别增加6.83%、10.10%和3.08%,各处理平均每穴产量与其出苗后36d的叶片含磷量成极显著性正相关。 相似文献
6.
深松促进春玉米干物质和磷素的积累与转运 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
为研究深松对春玉米干物质和磷素积累与转运的影响。以郑单958和先玉335为供试品种,设旋耕(R)、深松+旋耕(S+R)2个处理,通过连续2年的田间定位试验。结果表明,S+R处理显著(P<0.05)提高2个品种春玉米的产量、吐丝期干物质和磷积累量、干物质和磷转运量,尤以郑单958表现明显;磷收获指数、磷吸收效率、磷肥偏生产力均表现为S+R处理高于R处理,其中郑单958磷收获指数、磷吸收效率处理间差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),而先玉335处理间差异不显著。深松能促进春玉米干物质和磷的积累、转运,提高磷的收获指数、吸收效率和偏生产力,但不同玉米品种间存在显著的差异,郑单958产量和磷效率对深松更为敏感。该文可为春玉米高产高效栽培提供依据。 相似文献
7.
施用常规磷水平的80%可实现玉米高产、磷素高效利用和土壤磷平衡 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
8.
有机无机外源磷素长期协同使用对潮土磷素有效性的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
9.
铵硝比和磷素营养对菠菜生长、氮素吸收和相关酶活性的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过水培试验研究了不同铵硝比的氮素营养和磷素营养对菠菜生长、氮素吸收及硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性(GSA)的影响。结果表明:在供磷水平相同时,菠菜的生物量随着铵硝比的降低而降低,但铵硝比为25:75与0:100两个处理之间没有显著差异;在铵硝比相同时,随着营养液中磷含量的增加,菠菜的生物量随之增加。菠菜茎叶中硝酸盐的含量随着铵硝比和磷水平的降低而升高。不同铵硝比处理,菠菜含氮量没有明显差异,随着磷水平的提高,菠菜植株含氮量有升高的趋势,但各处理之间差异不显著;受到生物量显著差异的影响,菠菜植株中氮素累积量随着铵硝比的降低和磷素水平的增加而增加。在铵硝混合营养条件下,缺磷会显著抑制菠菜对铵态氮和硝态氮的吸收,且磷索缺乏对菠菜吸收硝态氮的抑制作用要大于对铵态氮吸收的抑制作用。铵硝比相同时,随着营养液中磷索供应量的增加,菠菜茎叶中NRA显著增加;但是营养液中铵硝比较高时,会显著抑制菠菜茎叶中NRA,而铵硝比较低时,则有利于提高菠菜的NRA。缺磷会严重抑制GSA;在磷素水平相同时,随着营养液中铵比例的增加,菠菜茎叶中GSA显著增加。为此,在一些硝酸盐含量较高的土壤上栽培蔬菜时,可以采取增施适量磷肥的方法,以降低叶菜的硝酸盐含量。 相似文献
10.
施磷水平和接种AMF与解磷细菌对苜蓿产量及磷素利用效率的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为探讨不同施磷水平下接种丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi,AMF)与解磷细菌对苜蓿干物质产量及其磷素利用效率的影响,筛选出苜蓿最佳的施肥模式,为紫花苜蓿高效生产及高效复合型菌肥的研制提供理论依据。该研究试验采用双因素随机区组设计,AMF选用摩西管柄囊霉,解磷细菌选用巨大芽孢杆菌,设置4个施菌水平:分别为接种摩西管柄囊霉(Fm,J1)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bm,J2)、混合菌种(Fm×Bm,J3)和未接菌处理对照组(J0)。施磷(P2O5)设置4个水平P0~P3分别为:0、50、100和150 mg/kg,菌磷互作共16个处理。结果表明:1)相同施菌条件下,苜蓿各茬次干物质产量、总干物质产量和植株磷含量均随施磷量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。除J2条件下,J2P1处理下的苜蓿总干物质产量达到最大值外,其他施菌条件下,苜蓿的总干物质产量均在P2处理达到最大,且施磷处理显著大于未施磷处理(P<0.05)。苜蓿的磷肥偏生产力及磷肥农学效率均随施磷量的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势,而土壤全磷含量和速效磷含量均随着施磷量的增多呈增加的趋势。2)相同施磷处理下,单接种菌处理和混合接种处理下苜蓿的干物质产量、植株磷含量、磷素利用效率、土壤全磷以及速效磷含量均显著大于不接菌处理(P<0.05),其中总干物质产量、土壤全磷和速效磷含量均在J3处理达到最大值。根际土壤速效磷含量与干物质产量拟合的相关系数最大,拟合效果最好。土壤全磷、速效磷含量均与总干物质产量呈显著正相关。因此,当施磷量为100 mg/kg,混合接种AMF与解磷细菌能够显著增加苜蓿土壤磷素有效性,提高磷素利用效率,进而增加苜蓿的干物质产量。 相似文献
11.
Jian Jin Guanghua Wang Xiaobing Liu Xiangwen Pan S. J. Herbert Caixian Tang 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1433-1449
ABSTRACT Drought affects many physiological and biochemical processes and thus reduces plant growth. Phosphorus (P) fertilization improves tolerance to drought stress in many plants. A greenhouse experiment examined the interactive effects of P nutrition and drought stress on P accumulation and translocation, yield, and protein concentration in grains of two cultivars of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Plants of cultivars ‘Heisheng 101’ (high protein in grains) and ‘Dongnong 464’ (low protein) were grown in a P-deficient soil supplied with 0–30 mg P kg?1 soil. Drought stress was imposed at the initial flowering (R1) or the podding (R4) stage. Drought stress limited P accumulation and reduced P translocation to the seed. The addition of P enhanced the concentration and accumulation of nitrogen (N) and P in shoots and seeds of both cultivars. Drought stress decreased shoot biomass, grain yield, and P accumulation; the decrease was greater in ‘Dongnong 46’ than ‘Heisheng 101,’ and even more so if drought stress was imposed at R4 than at R1. In contrast, drought stress increased the concentration of N in shoot and protein in grains. The addition of P alleviated the effect of drought stress on plant growth, P accumulation, and grain yield in both cultivars but to a greater extent in ‘Dongnong 46’. The results suggest that application of P fertilizers could mitigate drought stress at the reproductive stage, resulting in less yield penalty and improvement of grain quality of soybean grown in P-deficient soils. 相似文献
12.
Phosphorus (P) is essential macronutrient for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth and function. The objective of this study was to determine effect of phosphorus nutrition (including phosphorus nutrition level and interruption of phosphorus supply) on nitrogen accumulation, nodule nitrogen fixation and yield of soybean plants by 15N labeling with sand culture. The results showed that they all presented a single peak curve with improvement of phosphorus nutrition level, when phosphorus concentration of nutrient solution was about 31 mg/L, they all reached the maximum and effect of phosphorus nutrition level on nodule nitrogen fixation was lower than that on yield formation level. Interruption of phosphorus supply during soybean growth period, nitrogen accumulation and nodule nitrogen fixation were seriously inhibited, and yield was decreased significantly when interruption of phosphorus supply during V3-R1 and R1-R5 period, while interruption of phosphorus supply during R5-R7 period had no significant effect on nitrogen accumulation, nodule nitrogen fixation and yield. So soybean nitrogen metabolism and yield were sensitive to phosphorus nutrition in the V3-R5 period, those were not sensitive to phosphorus nutrition after R5 period. 相似文献
13.
Jian Jin Guanghua Wang Xiaobing Liu Xiangwen Pan Stephen J. Herbert 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(7):953-960
Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is an important factor for improving the tolerance to water deficit in many plants. A pot experiment was conducted to identify the effects of P application on soybean adaptability to water deficit at the R1 (initial flowering) and R4 (full pod) stages through the investigation of root morphological traits, plant P uptake and resultant yield in two soybean ( Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars (Dongnong 46 and Heisheng 101). The four levels of P application were 0, 7.3, 14.6 and 29.2 mg kg−2 , respectively. The three water treatments were (1) 65–75% of field water capacity (FWC) as a well-watered control, (2) 30–40% of FWC at the R1 stage, and (3) 30–40% of FWC at the R4 stage. Root traits, plant uptake of P and yield were significantly reduced by water deficiency at different growth stages, especially at the R4 stage. Application of P enabled to alleviate the adverse effects of water deficit, to increase the root dry weight, root length and root surface area, and to slow root senescence after the R5 (initial pod filling) stage. The response of soybean genotypes to both water and P deficit was different. In the absence of P application, Dongnong 46 showed relatively low adaptability to water deficit at the R4 stage, whereas Heisheng 101 showed a lower reduction of root traits and yield. The beneficial effects of P application for Dongnong 46 were more pronounced than those for Heisheng 101. Based on this experiment, we suggested that P fertilizer application to soybean may be justified in low-rainfall years because of its ability to enhance the soybean adaptability to water deficit stress by improving the root morphology, P uptake and consequently yield. 相似文献
14.
Seasonal critical concentration and relationships of leaf phosphorus and potassium status with biomass and yield traits of soybean
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Analysis of uppermost fully expanded leaves is useful to detect a deficiency of mineral nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in soybean. Although, the leaf P or K status aids in fertilizer management, information on nutrient seasonal relationships with growth and yield traits at maturity are limited. To investigate this, soybean was grown under varying P or K nutrition under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations. Results show significant relationships of the relative total biomass and yield‐related traits with the foliar P and K concentrations measured several times in the season across CO2 levels. However, the relationships established earlier in the season showed that the growth period between 25 and 37 d after planting (DAP), representing the beginning of flowering and pod, respectively, is the best for leaf sampling to determine the foliar P or K status. The leaf P and K status as well as the critical leaf P (CLPC) and K (CLKC) concentrations for traits such as seed yield peaked around 30 DAP (R2 stage) and tended to decline thereafter with the plant age. The CLPC and CLKC of seed yield indicate that the leaf P and K concentration of at least 2.74 mg g?1 and 19.06 mg g?1, respectively, in the uppermost fully expanded leaves are needed between 25 and 37 DAP for near‐optimum soybean yield. Moreover, the greatest impact of P and K deficiency occurred for the traits that contribute the most to the soybean yield (e.g., relative total biomass, seed yield, pod and seed numbers), while traits such as seed number per pod, seed size, and shelling percentages were the least affected and showed smaller leaf critical concentration. The CLPC or CLKC for biomass and seed yield was greater under elevated CO2 24–25 DAP but varied thereafter. These results are useful to researchers and farmers to understand the dynamics of the relationship of pre‐harvest leaf P and K status with soybean productivity at maturity, and in the determination of suitable growth stage to collect leaf samples. 相似文献
15.
《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(7):953-960
Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is an important factor for improving the tolerance to water deficit in many plants. A pot experiment was conducted to identify the effects of P application on soybean adaptability to water deficit at the R1 (initial flowering) and R4 (full pod) stages through the investigation of root morphological traits, plant P uptake and resultant yield in two soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars (Dongnong 46 and Heisheng 101). The four levels of P application were 0, 7.3, 14.6 and 29.2 mg kg?2, respectively. The three water treatments were (1) 65–75% of field water capacity (FWC) as a well-watered control, (2) 30–40% of FWC at the R1 stage, and (3) 30–40% of FWC at the R4 stage. Root traits, plant uptake of P and yield were significantly reduced by water deficiency at different growth stages, especially at the R4 stage. Application of P enabled to alleviate the adverse effects of water deficit, to increase the root dry weight, root length and root surface area, and to slow root senescence after the R5 (initial pod filling) stage. The response of soybean genotypes to both water and P deficit was different. In the absence of P application, Dongnong 46 showed relatively low adaptability to water deficit at the R4 stage, whereas Heisheng 101 showed a lower reduction of root traits and yield. The beneficial effects of P application for Dongnong 46 were more pronounced than those for Heisheng 101. Based on this experiment, we suggested that P fertilizer application to soybean may be justified in low-rainfall years because of its ability to enhance the soybean adaptability to water deficit stress by improving the root morphology, P uptake and consequently yield. 相似文献
16.
不同磷肥水平对大豆磷营养状况和产量品质性状的影响 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16
本试验选用近年来黑龙江省推广面积较大并具有代表性的3个基因型大豆品种作为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,利用钼锑抗比色法测定了大豆生育期各器官磷素含量,并测定了单株产量及成熟子粒蛋白质和脂肪含量,结果表明:施磷量对不同大豆品种植株及各器官磷素含量有较大影响;不同品种不同处理全株及各器官磷素含量从分枝期逐渐增加,开花期达到高峰,随后下降至成熟期;同一品种不同处理间高蛋白品种和中间型品种是P150处理全株磷积累量最高,高油品种是P225处理全株磷素积累最高;生育期内只有适宜施磷才能促进磷素含量达到最高峰;同一处理不同品种间是高油品种磷素积累量大于中间型品种和高蛋白品种,说明高油品种需磷量多于中间型品种和高蛋白品种。高蛋白品种和中间型品种P150处理单株产量和子粒蛋白质含量最高,高油品种P75处理单株产量和子粒蛋白质含量最高。3个品种脂肪含量均以P225处理最高。 相似文献
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玉米-大豆带状间作对大豆生长、光合荧光特性及产量的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为了探究玉米-大豆间作对大豆生长策略、光合荧光特性及产量的影响,以大豆品种中黄39为试材,采用玉米-大豆带状间作和大豆净作2种不同的种植模式,研究间作下大豆的形态、物质分配及光合荧光参数的变化规律。结果表明,间作大豆植株的株高在四节期(V4期)、始荚期(R3期)和鼓粒期(R6期)分别比净作增加22.47%、47.33%和32.72%。在V4期,间作大豆除株高显著高于净作外,大豆茎粗、主茎节数、茎叶柄生物量和叶绿素含量在净作和间作下均差异不显著。在R3和R6期,间作大豆植株的茎、柄生物量显著增加,但叶生物量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素总含量及净光合速率(Pn)显著低于净作大豆。对于叶绿素荧光参数,间作大豆叶片非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)在V4、R3和R6期分别显著高出净作大豆12.2%、5.04%和7.2%,而间作大豆叶片的PSII实际的光化学量子效率(F'q/F'm)、光化学淬灭系数(q P)和PSII反应中心潜在的激发能捕获效率(F_v/F_m)与净作大豆相比差异不显著。在产量构成因素中,间作大豆的单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重及单株产量均显著低于净作,分别降低27.78%、12.33%、20.72%。间作下玉米对大豆生育后期的生长、光合特性的影响直接导致大豆产量及构成因素的下降。因此,在玉米-大豆带状间作种植模式下,要提高间作大豆产量,需降低大豆生育后期玉米荫蔽程度。本研究结果为间作大豆栽培及高产提供了一定的依据。 相似文献
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春玉米磷素营养的光谱响应及诊断 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
通过盆栽试验监测不同磷营养水平春玉米典型生育期叶片光谱变化,并对叶片光谱反射率与叶片磷含量做了相关分析。结果表明,春玉米大喇叭口期是磷素营养的光谱响应敏感期,3507~30.nm和14201~800.nm是磷素营养的光谱敏感波段。该生育期构建的单波段高光谱变量、窄波段光谱变量和宽波段光谱变量与叶片磷含量都存在显著或极显著的回归关系;窄波段光谱变量比值指数R6725/6256和R61745/15856与叶片磷含量的回归关系达到了极显著水平,R625/555达到显著水平。可见光波段光谱变量与磷含量的回归关系优于近红外波段光谱变量与磷含量的回归关系,表明可见光波段叶片光谱反射率可能更适合春玉米磷营养状况的评价。不同波段宽度的光谱变量分析表明,在敏感波段范围内,801~00.nm波段平均的叶片宽波段光谱反射率没有降低对叶片磷含量的估算精度。 相似文献