共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 110 毫秒
1.
高O_2与高CO_2气调包装对鲜切火龙果品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在高氧高二氧化碳(70%O2+30%CO2、50%O2+50%CO2)气调并结合CPP膜包装条件下,测定5℃贮藏15 d时,包装盒中CO2/O2浓度的变化、鲜切火龙果外在品质和营养成分的变化,探讨鲜切火龙果贮藏期间的品质变化规律。结果表明,高氧高二氧化碳气调包装能够避免无氧酵解,但在贮藏0~12 d,能促进鲜切火龙果的呼吸作用;而在整个贮藏期,高氧高二氧化碳气调能够明显地维持鲜切火龙果的硬度,减缓其甜菜红色素的降解;在贮藏的0~6 d,高氧高二氧化碳处理抑制可溶性总糖、总酚的消耗和加速总Vc分解,但对可溶性蛋白没有显著影响。因此,高氧高二氧化碳气调包装有利于鲜切火龙果营养品质的维持。结果可为鲜切火龙果商业化贮藏提供参考。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
以新鲜金线莲为试验材料,探讨不同质量分数(0.5%、1.0%、1.5%)壳聚糖不同处理(整株浸、根浸)对金线莲常温贮藏植株品质及采后生理生化变化的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,采用根部浸渍的壳聚糖处理可以有效降低金线莲植株贮藏过程中的腐烂率和失水率,延缓可溶性固形物的下降,维持相对电导率较平缓的上升,说明壳聚糖处理对金线莲贮藏品质的保持具有较好的效果,可有效地延长金线莲的贮藏期,其中,以质量分数浓度为1.0%的壳聚糖处理效果最好。 相似文献
5.
在贮藏蔬菜与水果时,二氧化碳(CO_2)做为阻碍呼吸代谢,提高贮藏性能的措施而被广泛应用。但也有人报道,高浓度的二氧化碳能使果品受害,使蔬菜品质下降。本试验用马铃薯块茎研究了有关二氧化碳对呼吸代谢的影响。将每个重约为100克的马铃薯6个投入2立升的容器内,以不同浓度的二氧化碳气体进 相似文献
6.
为了研究微波预处理对生鲜花生贮藏特性和品质的影响,采用不同功率强度微波(0.55、0.85、1.15 W/g)对鲜食花生处理120 s后置于(10±1)℃条件下进行贮藏。结果表明：适宜功率强度的微波处理可有效抑制生鲜花生的发芽率和霉变率,同时抑制生鲜花生的呼吸强度,降低失重率,降低膜脂过氧化程度,延缓生鲜花生的衰老和品质劣变;微波处理对生鲜花生还有一定杀菌作用,微波功率强度越大,杀菌效果越好。综合分析,0.85 W/g功率强度微波预处理组的生鲜花生贮藏品质最佳。 相似文献
7.
针对芋艿易于腐烂、不耐贮藏的现象,采用3因子3水平正交试验设计L9(33),研究了1-MCP不同浓度(0.02、0.04、0.06 mg/kg)、简易气调(抽气、充N2和常压)和贮藏温度(6℃、10℃和室温)处理对子芋贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:10℃和室温处理的子芋腐烂指数(贮藏150 d)、还原糖含量(贮藏90 d)均显著低于6℃处理的(p0.05);10℃贮藏的子芋褐变指数显著低于6℃的(p0.05)。充N2和10℃复合处理能明显抑制子芋的氧化褐变,1-MCP和室温组合处理具增效保鲜作用。确定较佳的工艺组合为:采后子芋用0.02~0.06 mg/kg 1-MCP熏蒸处理24 h,装保鲜袋后充N2、10℃贮藏,或抽气、室温贮藏。150 d后,子芋的腐烂指数(5.6%~7.9%)、褐变指数(4.3%~9.8%)均显著低于对照(p0.05),维生素C(2.97~3.94 mg/100 g)和淀粉(24.9%~32.5%)含量明显高于对照。 相似文献
8.
9.
普洱茶贮藏过程中主要化学成分含量及感官品质变化的研究 总被引：32，自引：5，他引：27
将成品普洱茶在不同条件下贮藏,分析其茶多酚、可溶性糖和氨基酸含量的变化和感官品质的变化,结果表明:贮藏时茶叶含水量和周围环境温度升高,最佳品质出现时间提前,55℃/12%的处理最佳品质出现在贮藏45天左右,37℃/9%的处理最佳品质出现在贮藏135天左右,处理后感官品质明显优于对照。茶多酚、可溶性糖随着贮藏时间延长、贮藏温度提高而下降,且茶叶含水量高者下降幅度大。氨基酸随着贮藏时间延长、贮藏温度提高而下降,但与茶叶含水量相关性不大。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献