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1.
卵母细胞及其紧密连接的卵泡细胞之间的精细调节,促使卵母细胞成熟、受精和胚胎发育.在卵泡发育过程中,除了下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴间的内分泌调节外,卵母细胞源旁分泌或自分泌因子维持发育卵泡内微环境稳态,调节卵母细胞成熟和颗粒细胞增殖.目前发现,这些关键的调控因子主要是TGFβ超家族成员中的生长分化因子-9 （GDF9）和骨形态发生蛋白（BMP15）.GDF9/BMP15主要表达于卵母细胞,是卵泡发育必需的细胞因子.论文综述了GDF9/BMP15的结构特点、表达特性、信号通路及其在卵巢中的生物学作用等研究进展. 相似文献
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转化生长因子-β在母胎界面的表达调节作用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）是一种多功能细胞因子,在细胞生长、分化、免疫调节和细胞外基质合成以及血管生成等方面起重要作用。TGF-β由多种实质细胞分泌产生,其中包括外周单核细胞、T淋巴细胞和树突状细胞等。TGF-β可影响生殖活动的各个环节,包括性腺轴的调控、子宫内膜周期性变化、胚胎着床和发育。同时,TGF-β在免疫耐受中是主要的调节因子,TGF-β通过自分泌或旁分泌的方式介导母胎界面的免疫调节过程,以防止发生胎儿的免疫排斥反应。文章综述了TGF-β家族在妊娠过程中免疫调节作用的最新研究进展。 相似文献
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核心结合因子α1（Cbfal），是成骨细胞发生和分化的特异性转录因子。Cbfal／p56能激活T细胞特异性基因表达，Cbfal／1357的超表达能诱导多潜能间充质干细胞向成骨细胞表型分化，并激活骨钙蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白、骨桥蛋白、骨唾液蛋白等成骨基因转录。Cbfal基因反义寡核苷酸则阻止OB分化和骨化形成，如果Cbfal基因缺失，将导致形成以破骨细胞、软骨细胞和软骨组织为主而缺乏成骨细胞的骨骼系统。骨形态发生蛋白、转移生长因子、肿瘤坏死因子α、成纤维细胞生长因子2、甲状旁腺激素、糖皮质激素地塞米松和1，25（OH）2D3等因子可上调或抑制Cbfal的表达，在骨的发育和组织钙化过程中起着重要的调节作用。 相似文献
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为了探讨黄芩苷对脂多糖(LPS)引起的大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞(RIMMVECs)分泌炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的影响及其机制,试验将第3代RIMMVECs细胞分为5组,即空白对照组、造模组、高浓度药物组、中浓度药物组和低浓度药物组,用LPS刺激细胞造模,各药物组的细胞在给予LPS前先用不同浓度黄芩苷预处理,然后以ELISA方法检测其细胞上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6表达水平,并用Western-blot方法检测各组细胞Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核转录因子κB(NF-κB)和磷酸化核转录因子κB(p-NF-κB)蛋白表达量。结果表明:与空白对照组相比,3个浓度药物组RIMMVECs受LPS刺激后分泌的TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6显著降低,同时黄芩苷预处理可抑制TLR4的表达和NF-κB的磷酸化。说明黄芩苷通过调控TLR4/NF-κB信号通路可抑制炎性因子的分泌。 相似文献
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与哺乳动物不同,家禽的卵泡发育无明显发情周期,其卵泡发育遵循严格的等级发育体系。禽类卵泡的等级发育是一个复杂的调节过程,受卵泡细胞内外的内分泌激素、自分泌/旁分泌因子的共同调节。促卵泡刺激素(Follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)和促黄体激素(Luteinizing hormone,LH)在调控卵泡发育、卵母细胞成熟和排卵中起着重要的作用。此外,局部产生的生长因子如转化生长因子β超家族(Transforming growth factor superfamily,TGF-β)成员,包括抗缪勒氏激素(Anti-Müllerian hormone,AMH)、骨形态蛋白家族(Bone morphogenetic proteins,BMPs)、抑制素(Inhibin)和激活素(Activin)等,与促性腺激素一起协同调控卵泡的生长发育、卵母细胞的成熟等过程。文章综述了TGF-β家族成员,包括AMH、BMPs、抑制素、激活素在家禽卵泡发育中的作用及其未来的研究方向。 相似文献
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旨在研究血小板源性生长因子受体-β（PDGFR-β）在牦牛肺中的分布和表达,探讨牦牛肺对高原低氧环境的适应机制。采用免疫组织化学、Western-blot技术和qRT-PCR检测方法对新生、1岁、3岁及6岁牦牛肺中PDGFR-β的准确分布位置及表达量进行研究。结果显示：PDGFR-β主要分布在肺内支气管及其分支的上皮细胞、肺动脉血管内皮细胞及管壁平滑肌细胞中,其表达较强;少量分布在支气管管壁平滑肌细胞与肺泡隔细胞中,其表达较弱。在不同年龄段牦牛肺中PDGFR-β蛋白和mRNA也有不同程度的表达。在蛋白水平上,新生组极显著高于其他3组（P<0.01）;1岁组、3岁组、6岁组两两相比较,差异性不显著（P>0.05）。在mRNA表达水平上,以新生组的表达最强,与其他3组相比较,差异性极显著（P<0.01）;1岁组表达量极显著高于3岁组、6岁组（P<0.01）;6岁组显著高于3岁组（P<0.05）。试验表明,PDGFR-β在不同年龄牦牛气道和肺动脉发育及适应性结构的形成过程中均发挥作用,以新生到1岁龄之间的表现最为明显。 相似文献
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本研究旨在检测重组结核分枝杆菌10 ku培养滤液蛋白（culture filtrate protein 10,CFP10）对肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞系A549细胞Toll样受体（TLRs）信号途径及其介导的炎症反应的影响。PCR扩增cfp10目的基因片段,构建重组质粒载体pCzn1-CFP10。将重组质粒pCzn1-CFP10转入BL21（DE3）大肠杆菌感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白CFP10（rCFP10）并鉴定,纯化rCFP10,去除内毒素及脱盐备用。设置对照组,利用MTT检测rCFP10对A549细胞的存活率的影响;通过qRT-PCR、Western blot及ELISA等技术,分别在转录和翻译水平检测rCFP10对A549细胞TLRs信号途径关键分子及其下游炎症因子表达的影响。结果显示,成功构建重组表达载体pCzn1-CFP10并表达纯化出高纯度的rCFP10。MTT结果显示,随着rCFP10浓度增加和处理时间延长,A549细胞存活率显著降低。与空白对照组相比,rCFP10分别从转录和翻译水平显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）上调A549细胞中TLRs途径关键分子TLR2、TLR4、MyD88、TRAF6和NF-κB p65及下游炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α的表达水平。rCFP10蛋白可以通过激活A549细胞TLRs受体信号途径促进细胞炎症因子的分泌,这将为进一步加深理解结核病发病机制提供理论依据。 相似文献
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旨在从GIP/GIPR下游的Akt和PKA信号通路中筛选出调控GIPR表达的调控因子，并解析GIPR的表达调控机制。本研究以小鼠胰岛瘤细胞系Min6为试验材料，在Akt、PKA信号通路阻断的条件下，通过Western blot筛选出与GIPR表达相关的转录因子T细胞因子4（TCF4）；利用双荧光素酶报告系统确定TCF4对GIPR表达调控的影响，再通过敲除或过表达TCF4进一步验证两者之间的调控关系；采用CCK8法检测TCF4介导的促增殖作用，ELISA检测胰岛素分泌能力。结果显示，GIP可激活Akt磷酸化，并促进GIPR表达；在GIP激活及Akt、PKA信号通路阻断时，GIPR蛋白表达趋势与TCF4始终一致；TCF4可与GIPR核心启动子区结合，进而调控其表达；TCF4过表达时，GIPR的mRNA和蛋白表达上调，并促进β细胞增殖及胰岛素分泌；干扰TCF4显著降低GIP作用下GIPR的mRNA和蛋白表达，抑制β细胞增殖。综上，GIP结合GIPR后，经Akt信号通路上调TCF4进而增强GIPR表达，形成正反馈加强GIP信号，提高β细胞增殖和胰岛素分泌的功能，维持血糖稳态。因此，在胰岛素抵抗阻断Akt及上游信号通路时，经转录因子TCF4增强GIPR表达可作为改善胰岛β细胞功能障碍的靶点。 相似文献
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本文综述了多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），尤其是n-3系的PUFA，可降低脂肪酸以甘油三酯形式的沉积，同时促进脂酸氧化和葡萄糖合成糖原，其具体机制是PUFA通过激活性氧化物酶体活化增生因子受体α（PPARα）来控制氧化过程中的基因表达，而其对脂肪合成途径中有关基因的抑制则是通过降低能传递胰岛素和碳水化合物信息的转录因子与DNA的亲和力和转录因子的核内丰度。尤其是PUFA抑制了类固醇调控单元结合蛋白－1（SREBP－1）的核内丰度和表达，降低了核因子Y（NF－Y）、Sp1和肝核因子－4（HNF－4）与DNA的亲和力。 相似文献
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NAC转录因子家族是植物特有的一类重要转录因子,广泛参与植物生长、发育以及器官的建成、逆境胁迫应答等过程。为进一步研究白羊草（Bothriochloa ischaemum） NAC转录因子家族,本研究利用生物信息学方法对白羊草NAC基因所编码的蛋白理化性质、二级结构、保守基序、亚细胞定位、潜在磷酸化位点及系统进化关系进行了分析。结果显示,具有NAC结构域的21条白羊草氨基酸序列共分为10个亚家族,蛋白二级结构以无规则卷曲为主要组成部分,含有5个保守基序,大多数NAC蛋白定位于细胞核,均含有潜在的丝氨酸（Ser）、苏氨酸（Thr）、和酪氨酸（Tyr）磷酸化位点。本研究将为白羊草NAC基因家族的进一步功能分析奠定重要的研究基础。 相似文献
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It is now well established that normal development and function of testis are mediated by endocrine and paracrine pathways including hormones, growth factors and cytokines as well as by direct cell-to-cell contacts depending on tight, adhering and gap junctions. In the last two decades, several growth factors were identified in the testis of various mammalian species. Growth factors are shown to promote cell proliferation, regulate tissue differentiation, and modulate organogenesis. Interestingly, most of these peptides are expressed not only in the adult mammalian testis during spermatogenesis but also during testicular morphogenesis in prenatal and postnatal life. Our study was launched to provide an overview of the expression, localization, and putative physiological roles of growth factors and their receptors in the mammalian testis. The growth factors considered in this part of our review are fibroblast growth factors and insulin-like growth factors. These factors are found in testicular cells in prenatal, postnatal, and adult animals and are implicated in the regulation of important testicular activities including testicular cord morphogenesis, modulation of testicular hormone secretion and control of spermatogenesis. 相似文献
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IGF-Ⅰ能够促进细胞的增殖分化和代谢过程,而其表达是受STAT介导的,该通路最终受到生长激素(GH)的调控。生长激素与生长激素受体结合激活JAK家族,使得STAT家族成员,特别是STAT5磷酸化。磷酸化的STAT5进入细胞核内,与IGF-Ⅰ基因上的STAT5结合位点结合,激活胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)的表达,IGF-Ⅰ再通过血液循环到达机体的局部组织,促进组织细胞的生长和分化。作者对动物生长轴中STAT和IGF-Ⅰ的组成、功能以及STAT调控IGF-Ⅰ表达的分子机理的研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
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Ovarian physiology is controlled by endocrine and paracrine signals, and the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily has a pivotal role in this control. The Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) genes are relevant members of the TGFβ superfamily that encode proteins secreted by the oocytes into the ovarian follicles. Through a paracrine signalling pathway, these factors induce the follicular somatic cells to undergo mitosis and differentiation during follicular development. These events are controlled by a mutually dependent and coordinated fashion during the formation of the granulosa cell layers. Many studies have contributed to our knowledge concerning the paracrine factors acting within the follicular environment, especially regarding GDF9 and BMP15. We aimed to review the relevant contributions of these two genes to animal reproductive physiology. 相似文献
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MicroRNA及其对哺乳动物繁殖的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卵巢功能的正常维持有赖于卵巢生殖细胞和体细胞之间的相互作用及若干卵巢自分泌和旁分泌的调节.这些调节物质调控卵巢内不同的细胞活动,包括细胞生长、分化和凋亡,从而对卵泡的发育起着至关重要的作用.Micro-RNAs(miRNAs)是一种小的、非编码、21～25 nt长的单链小分子RNA,近年来科学家们发现其在基因表达转录后水平的调控发挥了重要作用.鼠上的研究显示,miRNAs在卵母细胞成熟和卵巢卵泡发育过程中有调控功能.人上的研究也表明,miRNAs影响颗粒细胞中特定的基因表达,并参与卵巢癌的形成和发展.本文将对miRNAs的生物合成,及其在哺乳动物繁殖系统中的表达,正常和病理情况下miRNAs在繁殖系统中可能的调控作用作一综述. 相似文献
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Oestrogens are responsible for the sexual dimorphism in adult mice lung tissue, and this difference is most notable at sexual maturity. Oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and the oestrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) are the two receptors that mediate oestrogen action, but adult mice lung tissue only expresses ERβ, and it is probably through this receptor that oestrogens exert their action. The goal of our study was to detect the expression of ERα and ERβ in mouse foetal lung tissues and identify possible gender differences. The foetal lung tissue was collected between developmental days E15-E19, processed for histology and the expression of oestrogen receptors was detected by immunohistochemistry. Over the 5?days of lung development that were evaluated ERα was not expressed in the foetal lung tissues of neither male nor female mice. In contrast, ERβ was detected in both sexes, although the immunoreactivity differed for each developmental day whilst the staining intensity observed for ERβ also indicated differences between male and female lung tissues. The results demonstrate the existence of a gender difference in the foetal expression of ERβ in lungs of mice. 相似文献
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本研究旨在鉴定河流型水牛中转化生长因子-β （transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β）基因家族成员，分析该家族成员在胚胎发育早期的表达情况，并讨论其可能的作用。根据人类中已鉴定的TGF-β基因家族信息，通过BLASTP在河流型水牛全基因组层面鉴定TGF-β家族成员，同时对牛、山羊和小鼠的TGF-β家族信息进行鉴定，结合5个物种中的TGF-β基因家族信息构建系统进化树。根据河流型水牛胚胎发育早期4个阶段（2-细胞、8-细胞、桑椹胚和囊胚期）的RNA-seq数据分析，通过FPKM（Fragment of Per Kilobase of exon model per Million mapped reads）值计算TGF-β家族成员的表达情况。结果显示，根据人类中的33个TGF-β基因，分别在河流型水牛、牛、山羊和小鼠的基因组中鉴定出32、23、32和26个TGF-β基因，几个物种中TGF-β基因家族成员数量相近且在系统进化树中分布均匀，说明该家族在各个物种中具有分布和功能的保守性。在河流型水牛的32个TGF-β基因中，21个TGF-β基因家族成员在胚胎发育早期不表达或极低剂量表达，6个分化抑制因子低剂量表达，5个高表达的TGF-β基因均有报道过与繁殖过程相关，说明在河流型水牛的胚胎发育早期只有部分成员（5/32）参与其中行使功能，绝大多数的TGF-β基因（27/32）并没有参与其中。本研究结果为河流型水牛中TGF-β基因家族研究提供了数据基础，并为TGF-β基因家族在胚胎发育早期的功能研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Gómez-Laguna J Rodríguez-Gómez IM Barranco I Pallarés FJ Salguero FJ Carrasco L 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,158(1-2):187-193
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is an immunomodulatory cytokine which is able to modulate the host immune response eliciting an inefficient response against pathogens. In this sense, the role of this cytokine in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has been poorly studied and the reported results are contradictory. Thus, in the present study, the expression of TGFβ was analysed both at tissue (lymphoid organs and lung) and serum level to study its correlation with the expression of PRRS virus (PRRSV). To carry out this study, 32 pigs were inoculated with the European PRRSV field isolate 2982 and sequentially killed from 0 dpi to the end of the study (24 dpi). Blood and tissue samples were collected to determine the expression of PRRSV and TGFβ. PRRSV was detected in inoculated animals from 3 dpi until the end of the study, however TGFβ was not detected in sera from inoculated animals. Contrary, an increase of TGFβ antigen was observed both in the lymphoid organs and in the lung of PRRSV-inoculated pigs when compared with control group. Since TGFβ play a role as an immunomodulatory cytokine of the immune response and also in the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), the upregulation of the TGFβ at tissue level may play a role in the impairment of the host immune response observed during PRRS, being observed a significant correlation between PRRSV and TGFβ expression at lung level. 相似文献
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K Knapczyk‐Stwora M Durlej M Duda K Czernichowska‐Ferreira A Tabecka‐Lonczynska M Slomczynska 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(1):1-7
The uterus is a well‐known target of endocrine, paracrine and autocrine acting molecules among which steroid hormones are of special importance. The objective of our work was to localize oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) mRNA and protein in the pig uterus throughout pregnancy (10, 18, 32, 50, 71, 90 days post coitum) using RT‐PCR, Western‐blot and immunohistochemistry. The present study is the first one to demonstrate the presence of ERs protein in the porcine uterus not only at the beginning but also at mid‐ and late pregnancy. In the pregnant swine, ERα was immunolocalized in the luminal epithelium (LE) and glandular epithelium (GE) and the myometrium of the uterus with differences in the intensity of staining at different stages of pregnancy studied. The LE and GE of pregnant swine stained for ERβ regardless of the day of pregnancy examined, whereas only a few cells within the myometrium showed a weak immunoreactivity. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of ERα and ERβ proteins on all investigated days of gestation. The expression of ERα and ERβ mRNA was detected by RT‐PCR in all examined samples corresponding to each of the consecutive stages of pregnancy. The obtained results show that ERα is more abundant in comparison to ERβ within the porcine pregnant uterus. The presence of ERα and ERβ in all compartments of the pig uterus during pregnancy may indicate direct action of oestrogens on proliferation and differentiation of these cells. 相似文献