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1.
为给大豆育种选配亲本提供参考依据,对河南省1985-2020年育成的132个大豆品种进行系谱追溯,系统分析其育种方式、亲本组成、细胞核、细胞质遗传贡献率,并归纳骨干亲本.结果表明:常规杂交是河南省大豆品种选育的主要途径,占参试品种的85.5％.132个品种共有185个细胞核遗传的原始亲本,核遗传率最大的祖先亲本是齐黄1号,其次是沁阳水白豆和野岗1号;共59个细胞质遗传的原始亲本,遗传率最高的是郑80024-10.常被用作育成大豆品种直接亲本的有濮豆6018、郑9805、郑59、开豆4号和周豆23.根据衍生品种数归纳出6个骨干亲本,包括豫豆2号、豫豆3号、豫豆10号、豫豆18和豫豆22.其中豫豆2号作为亲本衍生出57个大豆品种,占参试育成大豆品种的43.2％,为河南省大豆育种作出了重大贡献. 相似文献
2.
追溯品种系谱可以揭示品种演变特点,总结亲本选配经验,并指导育种实践。对1983～2010年北京育种单位育成90个大豆品种的系谱分析表明,共来源于100个细胞核祖先亲本和25个细胞质亲本,平均每个育成品种有1.11个细胞核祖先亲本。国内祖先亲本主要来源于黄淮,国外祖先亲本来源于美国。21个祖先亲本累积核贡献大、衍生品种多,为核心祖先亲本。随着时间推移,现有育成品种作为亲本利用的趋势在增加。相较而言,北京市大豆育成品种遗传基础较为丰富,但还需加强新种质研究利用,以扩大品种的核质基础。 相似文献
3.
日本大豆种质十胜长叶对我国大豆育成品种的遗传贡献分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
日本大豆品种十胜长叶是引进种质在我国大豆育种中利用最多的品种之一.对2005年以前利用十胜长叶育成的195个大豆品种进行了系谱分析,旨在明确十胜长叶对各育成品种的遗传贡献率,总结其利用方式,为国外种质的利用提供依据.通过分析发现,利用十胜长叶衍生育成的品种分布在吉林、黑龙江、辽宁、北京4个省市,它所衍生的品种数分别为96个、89个、8个和2个;平均遗传贡献率分别为13.04%、14.99%、20.31%和7.81%.其中92.2%的品种是由杂交育成的.十胜长叶对这些品种的遗传贡献率范围为0.78%～50.00%,以遗传贡献率为12.50%、6.25%和25%的衍生品种数较多,占衍生品种总数的77.3%,说明十胜长叶的利用以至少三交效果比较好,通过复交有利于聚合国内外品种的优良特性.十胜长叶在我国大豆育种中的成功利用说明,通过与当地品种杂交选育创造优良中间材料是利用国外引进种质改良我国大豆品种的有效育种途径. 相似文献
4.
《中国油料作物学报》2015,(6)
本研究对国家大豆改良中心种质创新计划中296份稳定品系进行多环境田间试验获得蛋白质含量数据,并利用227对PAV标记和93对SSR标记基因型数据进行蛋白质QTL关联分析。结果表明,供试材料蛋白质含量变幅为34.50%~53.84%,平均遗传率达92.57%,品系与环境间存在极显著互作。6个环境下与蛋白质含量显著(P≤0.05)和极显著(P≤0.01)关联的位点分别有139、44个,分布于大豆基因组的20个染色体,其中在2个以上环境被重复检测到的有8个。以平均蛋白质含量45%为标准筛选出64个新品系,分别来自33个杂交组合。基于AMMI模型的品种稳定性分析发现高蛋白含量材料Di变幅达0.08~1.27,来自菜豆5号/泰兴黑豆、南农73-932/早熟18等组合的新品系在6个环境表现稳定;基于分子标记可将高蛋白品系聚为6类,具有共同亲本的材料多聚在一起,且高值材料(47%)和低值材料的杂交组合也被区分开。对5个在多环境都检测到的关联位点进行分析,发现64份高蛋白材料分别含0~4个优异等位变异,材料间优异等位变异的构成存在差异。聚合不同优异等位变异可能创造更高蛋白质含量的新品系。 相似文献
5.
为给大豆亲本选配和育种提供有益借鉴,本文对1973-2017年山西省审定的84份大豆品种进行了系谱分析,归纳出山西省大豆品种的祖先亲本和骨干亲本。山西省审定的84份大豆品种,主要来源于晋豆1号、晋豆19和徐豆1号三大家族。84份大豆品种基因库源于110个祖先亲本,细胞核祖先亲本有110个,细胞质祖先亲本有39个。核遗传贡献率最大的祖先亲本有大白麻,其次是滨海大白花、铜山天鹅蛋、Mamatan等16个种质。细胞质遗传贡献率最大的是大白麻,其次是丹66-12、京谷玉。山西省育成的84个大豆品种中,形成系谱的品种占育成品种总数的80.95%。晋豆1号作为亲本育成36个大豆品种,占育成品种总数的42.9%,为山西省大豆育种做出了重大贡献。 相似文献
6.
来源于遗传多样性的变异将有助于提高育种效率,通过血缘关系分析可以了解后代群体的遗传结构.研究的目的是评估美国俄亥俄州立大学大豆育种程序中对产量改良起过重大贡献的骨干品系的作用.在俄亥俄州立大学大豆育种程序中,通常采用自己创造的骨干育种材料或来自其他育种程序的优异品种(系)做亲本进行常年杂交组配,这样带来了骨干血缘年度间的差异性,骨干品种(系)做亲本的使用年限也是有限的,然而,由于本育种程序中缺乏做豆腐用的骨干亲本,使Ohio FG1品种用作亲本的年限延长.Kottman,A98-980047,U 97-3114,HS 98-3628,HS 94-4533,Athow和HS 93-4118等7个骨干品种(系)对俄亥俄州立大学大豆产量改良起主要作用.后代群体中含50%以上骨干血缘品系的平均产量和所有被鉴定品系的平均产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.9146,含50%以上骨干血缘品系的平均产量越高,所有被鉴定品系的平均产量也越高.但后代群体巾骨干品系的血缘百分率和所有被鉴定品系的平均产萤间不存在线性关系,说明在选择骨干品系做亲本时,除了考虑骨干品系的数量外,还要考虑骨干品系的配合力.俄亥俄州立大学大豆育种程序中,26个骨干品系衍生的后代中有11个的衍生后代平均产量超过对照品种,而且,这11个骨干品系中又有7个来自俄亥俄州立大学大豆育种程序,说明育种中间材料在产量改良中起着关键性作用.血缘分析结果表明,7个骨干品系来源于Williams、Essex、Amsoy、Wayne、Corsoy 5个老品种和一个现代品系A 86-301024.1998至2008年俄亥俄州立大学育成的19个油用品种和8个豆腐用品种中分别有17和14个亲本来自育种程序本身,进一步说明骨干品系的创造在品种选育中起着重大作用. 相似文献
7.
小麦育种亲本材料遗传多样性的SSR分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确目前中国小麦育种亲本材料间的遗传关系,为育种工作提供有益信息,利用74对SSR引物对103份小麦主要亲本材料进行了遗传多样性分析,共检测出298个等位位点,每对引物等位位点数在2～14之间,平均为4.03个.位点多态信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.020～0.899,平均为0.429.品种(系)间遗传相似系数(GS)变幅为0.369～0.948,平均值为0.636.74对SSR标记能将103份小麦品种(系)分为五大类.聚类分析结果与品种系谱来源及地域比较吻合. 相似文献
8.
1923～2005年中国大豆育成品种的核心祖先亲本分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
中国1923～2005年间育成的1300个大豆品种源自670个祖先亲本,根据衍生品种数、细胞核、质遗传贡献值和衍生品种轮数4项指标,从670个祖先亲本中遴选出113个对中国各生态区大豆育成品种遗传贡献最大的核心祖先亲本,其中34、28、10、14、4、3和20个分别来自Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ生态区和国外.入选的113份祖先亲本占总数的16.87%,对1300个育成品种的核遗传贡献占70.90%,质遗传贡献占74.85%;他们包括了原来的66个核心祖先亲本,但来源更广;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、(Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ)区和国外分别增加了9、9、13和16个,南方和国外增加比例较大.研究结果可供研究我国大豆核心种质、亲本选配以及育成品种的遗传基础和亲缘关系等参考. 相似文献
9.
图谱整合是弥补单个作图群体因分子标记多态性的局限性而难以构建高密度图谱的有效方法.利用具明显农艺性状差异的大豆品种间杂交组合(科丰1号×南农1138-2、南农87-23×NG94-156、苏88-M21×新沂小黑豆和皖82-178×通山薄皮黄豆甲)所衍生的重组自交系群体分别构建了含有560,223,195,133个分子标记的遗传连锁图谱.以各图谱共有SSR标记作为锚定标记,使用JoinMap3.0进行图谱整合,得到一张包含20个连锁群,795个分子标记,总遗传距离2 772.9 cM,平均间距3.49 cM的整合图谱.各连锁群的标记个数在24～69之间,遗传距离在77.1～224.7 cM之间.与Song等的公共图谱比较,标记在连锁群上的分布和位置高度吻合,并增加了5个公共图谱上没有的SSR标记,另有6个SSR标记定位在不同的连锁群上.通过整合图谱可将关联分析所获基因/QTL定位到连锁群区间;便于不同群体定位结果间的比较;并找寻与之连锁更紧密的邻近标记.鉴于本图谱所用作图群体的亲本与国内育种常用材料的遗传来源相近,将更便于国内育种性状的QTL定位研究. 相似文献
10.
百农64因其抗病性好、适应性广，已成为黄淮南片麦区小麦育种的重要亲本之一。本研究将荧光原位杂交（FISH）和小麦55K SNP芯片分析相结合，对百农64及其衍生品种（百农207、百农160、华育198和04中36）和相关亲本共8份小麦材料进行全基因组分析，揭示百农64对其衍生后代的遗传贡献。结果表明，在研究材料中共鉴定出48种染色体多态类型（block），A、B和D基因组分别为18、20和10种，其中1A和6B染色体多态类型最多；在百农64和百农207中鉴定出了臂间倒位perInv6B，在5份小麦材料中鉴定到了小麦-黑麦T 1RS/1BL易位。利用55K SNP芯片在供试材料的A、B和D基因组分别获得8 504、9 726和5 093个多态性SNP标记，多态信息含量（PIC）变异范围在0.110~0.375之间，平均值为0.295；百农64特异性SNP在衍生品种的A、B和D三个基因组上的分布比例分别为54.2%、46.9%和36.5%，6A染色体比例最高（85.4%），在百农207、华育198和04中36各染色体上分布比例的平均值均超过了50.0%。整合48个细胞学和23 323个SNP标记分析显示，除百农160以外，其余3个衍生后代与百农64的遗传相似系数（GS）都超过了0.700；聚类分析结果显示百农64与其4个衍生品种聚为一类，与遗传相似系数结果一致。研究表明百农64对其衍生后代遗传贡献率较高，这为小麦种质资源利用和新品种选育过程中的亲本选配提供了理论支撑。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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16.
Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
20.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献