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以玉米品种宁吉198为试验材料,设6个磷肥量级,对玉米磷素吸收特性、磷肥利用率和玉米产量等相关指标进行测定分析,所有处理N、K2O用量一致,确定银川平原引黄灌区水肥一体化模式下最佳磷肥施用量。玉米生育期内取样测定,分析不同磷肥处理对玉米叶面积指数、磷素积累量、磷肥利用率、灌浆速率和产量等指标的影响。结果表明,施用磷肥180 kg/hm2表现最佳,与其他处理相比植株磷素积累量和干物质积累量最高,对子粒贡献率上升8.57%～26.28%,干物质积累量显著增加5.71%～11.44%,产量增加4.9%～17.7%。滴灌水肥一体模式下磷肥施用量180 kg/hm2可以提高玉米叶面积指数、干物质积累量、植株磷素积累转运量和肥料利用率,产量最高可达14 492.13 kg/hm2。通过一元二次方程将2年产量数据进行拟合,得出最高产量下对应磷肥施用量为175.43 kg/hm2,是银川平原引黄灌区磷肥最佳施用量。 相似文献
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降水量与施磷量对黑土区玉米产量及磷素吸收利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在自然降水条件下采用滴灌补水措施,研究不同降水量及施磷量对黑土区玉米产量、磷素吸收积累及磷肥利用率的影响。结果表明,降水量及施磷量的增加会增加玉米植株干物质量的积累,进而促进玉米产量的形成。施磷量较降水量对玉米产量的影响更为显著,适量的降水量与施磷量有利于玉米产量的增加。各处理中以W3(自然降水+200 mm)、P3(施磷220 kg/hm~2)处理产量最高,达13 914 kg/hm~2。各处理随施磷量的增加,磷肥利用率降低,随降水量的增加磷肥利用率增加。玉米植株磷素积累在同一降水条件下,随施磷量的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势。适磷条件下,适宜降水量可显著提高玉米植株磷素积累量。W3(自然降水+200 mm)、P2(施磷110 kg/hm~2)处理为最优处理,当年降水量为508 mm,玉米产量可达13 119 kg/hm~2;磷肥利用效率最高,达19.7%。 相似文献
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通过田间试验,研究施用不同形态磷肥对玉米干物质累积、产量、磷素吸收累积动态及磷肥利用效率的影响,探讨低磷红壤玉米对施用不同形态磷肥的响应。结果表明,在等养分施用量的条件下,与过磷酸钙(SSP)和钙镁磷肥(CMP)处理相比,施用磷酸二铵(DAP)和磷酸一铵(MAP)处理在玉米大喇叭口期、抽穗期、成熟期的地上部干物质累积量、磷素累积量及经济学产量和玉米磷肥利用效率均较高。至成熟期,施用DAP较SSP和CMP处理玉米地上部干物质累积提高46.7%和72.9%、磷素累积增加68.8%和100.5%,其子粒磷素累积量增加88.7%和101.4%。与施用SSP和CMP处理相比,施用DAP处理玉米子粒产量依次提高47.1%和73.8%。 相似文献
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通过田间试验方法,研究不同种衣剂处理对大豆抗病性及生长发育的影响。结果表明,种衣剂不同程度降低大豆根腐病发生、提高出苗率、增加叶绿素含量、促进植株生长和提高干物质积累。为种衣剂配方及大豆生产提供理论参考。 相似文献
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磷素营养变化对大豆磷素积累及产量和品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《大豆科学》2015,(3)
以黑农48大豆品种为供试材料,采用砂培法,通过大豆生育期间淋浇不同的磷素水平营养液,研究了磷素营养水平变化对大豆植株磷素积累量及产量和品质的影响。结果表明:全生育期低磷处理(P1)的大豆植株中磷素积累总量(391.5 mg·盆-1)明显低于高磷处理(P31)(988.2 mg·盆-1),其它处理无论是先高磷后低磷还是先低磷后高磷全株磷积累量都与高磷处理的时间成正比。R1~R5期是植株磷积累最敏感的时期;籽粒磷素积累量占全株磷素总量的比例,比其它器官所占比例都要高。高磷时间越长磷素分配到籽粒中的比例就越低,磷营养不足时植株会优先满足籽粒对磷的需求。R1期以前磷营养水平决定株高和节数。大豆粒数、百粒重、产量以及大豆籽粒中蛋白质和脂肪的含量会随着高磷时间的增加而增加。V3~R1期高磷对产量的提升作用最大,R1~R5期是低磷胁迫最为敏感的时期。大豆前期磷素营养充足对后期产量形成有后效,前期磷素营养不足,后期施充足的磷素对产量形成有一定的补偿作用。 相似文献
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采用盆栽方法研究了不同肥力心土层及不同施磷量对大豆生长特性和产量的影响。结果表明:随着心土层肥力和施磷量的增加,株高和叶绿素显著增加;干物质积累量不同肥力间无规律性变化,磷肥施用量120 kg·hm~(-2)的高肥力心土干物质积累量最高,为116.68 g·盆~(-1),中肥力心土施磷肥量180 kg·hm~(-2)的干物质积累量较高,为107.60g·盆~(-1),低肥力施用磷肥240 kg·hm~(-2)干物质积累量为103.76 g·盆~(-1),心土肥力水平与施肥量达到一定关系有利于干物质积累,处理间差异显著;不同肥力心土层大豆垂直根长差异显著,依次为高中低肥力处理,根干重、根瘤个数和根瘤干重均与不同肥力心土层和施肥量呈正相关;不同肥力心土大豆产量差异显著,高肥力心土施用120 kg·hm~(-2)磷肥大豆产量最高,达到318 g·盆~(-1);中等肥力施用180 kg·hm-2磷肥产量次之,为299.8g·盆~(-1);低等肥力施用240kg·hm~(-2)磷肥居第三,为283.5 g·盆~(-1);不同肥力心土施用适量肥料才能达到最佳效果。 相似文献
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粒重是大豆重要的产量构成因素,它的形成是细胞分裂以增加细胞数目、细胞延伸膨大以增大体积及光合产物积累、内含物不断充实的过程,其高低由干物质积累速率(ISGR)和干物质积累时期(EFP)的长短决定,也受遗传潜力和环境条件互作的影响.本文从子叶的干物质积累和细胞数与籽粒的大小的关系,光照及其叶片光合影响籽粒形成以及植物激素调控籽粒生长发育综述了三者调节大豆粒重的研究结果,旨在为建立以促进细胞分裂,增加细胞延伸膨大的研究平台,为探讨新型种植方式提高大豆产量及高产大豆育种和种质资源的评价提供理论支撑. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献