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以"新泰密刺"黄瓜为试材,通过盆栽试验,研究了玉米、小麦秸秆不同用量对日光温室黄瓜连作土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明:施用作物秸秆后的土壤容重随秸秆施用量增加而降低,孔隙度和有机质含量却随秸秆施用量增加而增加;与对照相比,施用1.6%~2.0%的玉米秸秆和2.0%的小麦秸秆显著降低了土壤容重,增加了孔隙度;土壤有机质和土壤速效养分含量以施用鸡粪的处理最高;施用适量作物秸秆在一定程度上能提高连作土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量;但是,施用秸秆的处理土壤速效养分含量均低于施用鸡粪。 相似文献
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《中国果树》2014,(1)
对山地橄榄园连续4年种植牧草羽叶决明。结果表明,橄榄园生草促进了土壤理化性状的改善,不同土层土壤容重均有不同程度的下降,010、1010、1020 cm土层土壤容重显著低于对照,分别下降了0.33、0.21 g/cm3;不同土层土壤孔隙度均较对照有所提高,020 cm土层土壤容重显著低于对照,分别下降了0.33、0.21 g/cm3;不同土层土壤孔隙度均较对照有所提高,010、1010、1020 cm土层土壤孔隙度显著高于对照,分别提高18.2%、14.0%;1020 cm土层土壤孔隙度显著高于对照,分别提高18.2%、14.0%;1020 cm土层土壤含水量显著下降,3020 cm土层土壤含水量显著下降,3040 cm土层土壤含水量显著提高;040 cm土层土壤含水量显著提高;020 cm土层土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量均显著高于对照,其中以速效钾含量增幅最大,增幅达210.2%;土壤pH值与对照差异不显著,仅降低8.2%;2009—2012年橄榄667 m2产量显著提高了8.0%20 cm土层土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量均显著高于对照,其中以速效钾含量增幅最大,增幅达210.2%;土壤pH值与对照差异不显著,仅降低8.2%;2009—2012年橄榄667 m2产量显著提高了8.0%11.1%。 相似文献
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陇东旱塬苹果园不同覆盖措施对土壤性状、根系分布和果实品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《果树学报》2015,(5)
【目的】探明黄土高原旱塬区不同覆盖措施(清耕、覆膜、覆草、覆沙)对苹果园土壤理化性状、根系分布及果实品质的影响。【方法】以12 a生苹果树为试材,采用土壤剖面分层取样法,对不同径级根系(直径≤2 mm、2~5 mm、5~10mm及≥10 mm)进行空间分布调查,并对根系生物量、根长、表面积等进行详细分析;测定不同土层土壤容重、土壤孔隙度等。【结果】对照(CK)根系主要分布在距干0~90 cm范围内的20~60 cm土层中;覆草、覆沙处理主要分布在距干0~120 cm水平范围内的0~100 cm深土层中,以20~40 cm根系最为密集;覆膜处理根系水平分布与CK相似,垂直方向使根系主要分布区域提升至0~20 cm土层,占根系总量的36.06%。各覆盖处理均可减小细根根径、增大比根长、减小大根径根系的下扎深度。覆盖处理土壤容重、土壤含水量、孔隙度均与根系总根长、根系生物量、根系表面积、根长密度呈极显著相关。【结论】覆膜处理根系显著上浮,覆草与覆沙可有效增大根系水平分布范围及垂直深度,增大根系的水肥吸收空间;土壤理化性质与根系生长分布密切相关。综合分析根系分布、树体生长与果实产量品质,覆草处理是陇东旱塬区苹果园较为适宜的地表覆盖方式。 相似文献
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《中国果树》2019,(3)
研究了覆膜、覆草、生草措施对旱地桃树根系生长发育、树体生长结果及土壤物理性质的影响。结果表明,3种覆盖措施均能降低土壤容重,增加土壤含水量和孔隙度,增加细根数量,扩大根系分布范围,提高根系对水肥的吸收效率,促使树体生长发育和结果。与对照相比,生草、覆草处理桃树根系由0～60cm土层伸展到0～80 cm土层,而覆膜处理桃树根系上移到0～40 cm土层,以0～20 cm土层分布最多。生草处理根系数量、细根数量均达到最大,分别是对照的191.35%和194.42%。生草处理桃树生长结果最好,百叶重是对照的119.58%,单果重、可溶性固形物含量分别是对照的111.66%和107.34%,667 m~2产量较对照增加280 kg,达到2 258 kg。生草处理与对照相似,随土层深度增加土壤含水量先升高后降低,在40～60 cm土层达到最高;覆膜、覆草处理土壤含水量则随着土层深度增加而逐渐降低。覆膜处理在0～20cm土层土壤孔隙度最大,随着土层深度增加其值逐渐减小;生草、覆草处理与对照均随土层深度增加土壤孔隙度先增大后减小,覆草处理在20～40 cm土层达到最大,生草处理、对照在40～60 cm土层达到最大。综合分析桃树根系分布、生长结果情况和土壤物理性状,初步认为生草是目前陇东南浅山丘陵区旱地桃园较适宜的覆盖模式。 相似文献
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5种土壤调理剂对大蒜田土壤理化性质和大蒜产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国园艺文摘》2016,(1)
正试验研究了两个不同用量的5种土壤调理剂(麦饭石、牡蛎壳、蒙脱石、硅钙矿和有机肥)对土壤理化性质和大蒜产量的影响。结果表明,5种调理剂均能降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度:施用前期麦饭石处理的土壤容重显著降低,后期则蒙脱石处理土壤容重降低明显。在大蒜生长前期,施用高量牡蛎壳、蒙脱石和有机肥均显著提高了土壤碱解氮含量;蒙脱石 相似文献
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以“奇迹”番茄为试材，采用秸秆腐熟还田的方法，研究不同秸秆还田剂量和方式对番茄产量、品质和土壤理化性质的影响，以期为玉米秸秆在设施栽培中还田改良土壤提供参考依据。结果表明：多数情况下，同水平腐熟还田与未腐熟还田对土壤理化性质和产量指标影响差异不显著；腐熟秸秆还田显著提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾，提高幅度分别为11.66%～14.67%、15.40%～16.17%、2.30%～10.81%和15.38%～20.10%;秸秆还田降低土壤电导率，二水平腐熟还田与未腐熟还田降幅分别为13.54%和8.58%,腐熟秸秆还田显著提高土壤阳离子交换量，二水平和四水平腐熟还田升幅分别为20.39%和16.73%,未腐熟秸秆还田显著降低土壤硝态氮含量，比同水平腐熟还田降低16.68%;秸秆还田降低土壤容重，提高土壤总孔隙度，提高土壤非毛管孔隙度，降低土壤毛管孔隙度，土壤容重降幅为11.46%～14.65%,土壤总孔隙度升幅为4.05%～13.68%,土壤非毛管孔隙度升幅为28.11%～68.10%,土壤毛管孔隙度降幅为13.47%～25.94%;秸秆还田使土壤团聚体表现为大团聚体增多，小团聚体... 相似文献
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作物秸秆利用方式对日光温室连作土壤理化性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以多年连续种植黄瓜的日光温室土壤为试材,以常规施用鸡粪为对照处理,在日光温室内通过盆栽试验比较研究了秸秆利用方式(秸秆、秸秆+尿素、秸秆+鸡粪、腐熟秸秆)对连作土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明:单纯施用秸秆或秸秆与尿素配施的处理土壤孔隙度和有机质含量最高;仅施用秸秆的处理土壤电导率最低;秸秆与鸡粪混施的处理土壤速效养分含量最高,但与对照处理差异不显著。 相似文献
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《果树学报》2017,(10)
【目的】通过比较连续4 a(年)施用梨树修剪枝条制作的堆肥对梨树根系生长的影响,研究梨树修剪枝条堆肥在梨园中应用的可行性。【方法】2012—2015年以10 a生‘早酥’梨树为试材,按等养分和等有机质的原则,以化肥和羊粪处理为对照,研究长期施用枝条堆肥对梨园土壤理化性质、梨树根系生长和分布以及梨产量和品质的影响。【结果】与施化肥处理相比较,施用枝条堆肥,增加了土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾以及土壤有机质含量;施用枝条堆肥增加了梨树根系总根长、总表面积、根尖数;施用枝条堆肥增加了水平方向0~40 cm、120~160 cm和160~200 cm和垂直方向0~30 cm和30~60 cm土层范围内根系的分布密度,尤其在30~60 cm土层,枝条堆肥处理下吸收根分布最为显著;施用枝条堆肥促进了以极细根为主的吸收根的生长;施用枝条堆肥显著增加了梨单果质量,提高了梨产量,增加了果实中可溶性固形物含量,提高了果实糖酸比。【结论】连续4 a施用枝条堆肥改善了土壤的理化性质,促进了梨树根系生长,扩大梨树吸收根和粗根的分布范围与分布密度,提高了梨产量,改善了梨品质。 相似文献
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The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl2 and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water. 相似文献
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AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs. 相似文献
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小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。 相似文献
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钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量 相似文献
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Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes. 相似文献
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