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利用引种省内外油桐主产区优良光桐品种杂交选育的优良单株后代14个F_2代单株家系和省内选优获得的41个优株家系及立枝桐品种进行推广栽培试验。在200多亩林地上结合生产测定良种的增产效果,增产达39～248％。在推广试验中继续进行选择提高。利用F_2代和F_3代的相关估计单株产果量的遗传力h~2=0.455。进一步选择的5个最优家系的遗传增益(相对值)凸G′_I=31.7％;其下一代的育种植(?)_A=11.5kg(4～6龄单株产果)。为今后的良种推广,为保存和进一步提高油桐优良种质提供了依据和物质基础。 相似文献
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利用已选育出的２３个优良家系中２２个优良家系进行造林对比试验，结果表明（１）使用良种造林，其增产潜力在２２．６％以上；（２）从评选出的７个优良家系内选择出４６个优良单株，其树高、胸径和材积分别比对照增产５０．５％、８０．５４％和３７３．０７％，具有极大的增产潜力；（３）根据杉木各性状相关分析表明，杉木生长性状早晚相关密切，其遗传比较稳定，６年生时进行选择是可行的，同时表明分枝习性在优树选择中可作为一项重要指标。 相似文献
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为给油桐良种选育提供参考依据,采用田间调查的方法,从湖南省湘西自治区永顺县青坪镇油桐种质资源收集保存库,选取4个油桐优良家系P005、P007、P009、P012作为试验材料,采用化学分析法、索式提油法、色谱分析等方法,对此4个优良家系的果实性状、种仁性状、桐油油脂脂肪酸成分及油脂的理化性质进行了比较分析。测定结果表明:家系P005的不饱和脂肪酸含量最高;家系P007的桐酸含量最高;家系P009的桐油品质最好;家系P012的出油率最高,其综合性状最好。4个优良家系各性状指标值各有高低,综合分析各项指标后认为,优良家系P005和P012均有较高的生产应用价值,不论是作为良种选育的原始材料还是直接用于生产繁殖,都是较好的选择。 相似文献
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我国油茶良种选育研究现状及发展策略 总被引：46，自引：5，他引：46
40多年来按照系统的选育程序和选育标准,经优树选择和品种比较,先后选育出优良农家品种、优良家系、优良无性系和优良杂交组合等油茶良种200多个。结合油茶更新与低产林改造,采用良种的造林面积已达2×105hm2,占全国油茶栽培总面积的6%,使油茶单位面积产量得到大幅度增长。通过分析我国当前的良种选育和推广应用的现状和趋势,提出了油茶育种仍以常规育种为基础,在选择的基础上开展杂交育种和生物技术育种等多元化的育种研究,进而以丰富的种质资源为后盾,开展更高层次的分子育种;还倡仪建立科学的良种繁育基地和完善良种推广机制,通过示范作用来促进油茶生产良种化。 相似文献
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对广东省的杉木无性系选育程序与策略提出了建议，即把近阶段的优良种源、优良家系混系繁殖利用迅速提高到优良杂交个体的无性系利用方面来；全省需要制订１个综合育种体系，包括有性选育系统与无性选育系统，在应用时做到有性与无性交互使用，多层次多途径地利用各方面的遗传效益，以充分发挥遗传改良效果。对今后育种群体建设，提议采用单群体多功能实生种子园方案。并对早期测定，群体遗传结构的改变和基因型与环境交互效应问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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杉木无性系改良增产效益的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
据对14片试验林102个无性系的调查分析，8年生（含苗龄）以上的82个无性系，平均单株材积比对照（开化1代种子园或那坡优良种源实生苗）增产35．8％，从中筛选出15个优良无性系，平均比对照增产87.1％，其中三个增产1倍以上。试验表明，从杉木优良家系（合优良种源的优良家系）、优良杂交组合和2代种子园的优良种苗营造的幼、中龄林中进行无性系选优，增产效果以优良杂文组合较好，2代种子园次之，1代种子园和优良种源更次之。在增产水平高且后代分化大的优良家系中选择，以选育单系为好；在增产水平高，但后代分化不大的优良家系中选择，以选育多系为好。 相似文献
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山东省侧柏种质资源评价及遗传改良 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山东省侧柏种质资源评价及遗传改良在国内处于领先水平,收集侧柏种源79个、家系91个、无性系26个,建立了国内首个侧柏种质资源基因库,现有侧柏采种基地2830hm2,年产优质侧柏种子200万kg。侧柏研究已经列为国家植物种质资源共享平台、国家林业局公益性行业科研专项经费项目和山东省农业良种工程课题。侧柏国家发明专利1项,审定品种6个。侧柏应将生态型(抗旱、寒)、观赏型及用材型良种选育作为为主要育种目标。本文从侧柏种质资源收集、保存及评价;良种基地建设及种子区;种源试验和种源选择;优树及家系选择;杂交育种;良种快繁技术;侧柏遗传改良策略及思路等方面对其种质及遗传改良进行了评述,以期为侧柏新种质创制奠定基础。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献