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1.
林下植被是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,能够促进凋落物的分解并且增强土壤养分的归还。比较杉木混交林与杉木纯林的土壤结构及林下灌草生物量,探究两者间的相关性和土壤结构恢复的方法。研究结果表明:(1)混交林的林下灌草生物量高于纯林,其中毛杉林最高;(2)混交林土壤物理性质优于纯林,毛杉混交林最优;(3)分析相关性发现土壤物理性质与灌木生物量有显著相关性,灌木层相关性高于草本层。所以林下植被与土壤结构关系密切,重视林下植被发育程度有利于改善土壤结构,恢复地力。 相似文献
2.
通过对2种混交林林下物种多样性丰富度进行比较研究,结果表明:(1)落桦混交林(华北落叶松+白桦)灌木丛中榛子是最优势的灌木,而油松+蒙古栎混交林灌木丛以三裂叶绣线菊为最优势的灌木;落桦混交林灌木层主要植被种类与油松+蒙古栎混交林相比较少。(2)落桦混交林草本层草乌头、牛蒡为优势种,油松+蒙古栎混交林具有优势的草本为细叶苔草与林地早熟禾;落桦混交林草本层组成种类较少,而油松+蒙古栎混交林草本层组成植被种类较丰富。(3)落桦混交林物种丰富度比油松+蒙古栎混交林要低,2种林分的灌木层Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数均比草本层要低,说明灌木层的多样性要比草本层低;2种林分的灌木层Pielou指数均比草本层要低,说明灌木层的均匀度要比草本层低。 相似文献
3.
冀北山地不同树种组成桦木林枯落物及土壤水文效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为弄清不同树种组成的林分对林地枯落物及土壤持水能力的影响,采用浸泡法和双环法对冀北山地5种不同树种组成的桦木林进行研究,结果表明:1林地枯落物半分解层储量均大于未分解层,总储量变化范围为12.85~20.87t/hm~2,白桦纯林储量最大,阔叶混交林最小;2枯落物最大持水量变化范围为73.27~106.99t/hm~2,有效拦蓄量变化范围为59.22~81.86t/hm~2,均为杨桦混交林最大、落桦混交林最小;3枯落物持水量与浸泡时间呈对数关系,随时间推移逐渐增大,而吸水速率与浸泡时间呈指数关系,随浸泡时间推移而逐渐下降;4土壤容重是油松白桦林最大、杨桦混交林最小,总孔隙度是杨桦混交林最大(60.66%)、阔叶混交林次之(59.31%)、油松白桦林最小(45.43%),土壤最大持水量和有效持水量均是杨桦混交林最大、阔叶混交林次之、油松白桦林最小;5土壤入渗速率和入渗时间呈明显幂函数关系。综合来看,杨桦混交林和阔叶混交林枯落物和土壤持水能力较强。 相似文献
4.
为了给华北地区森林经营与管理提供依据,以北沟林场油松白桦混交林为调查对象,运用标准地调查法,并采用样方收获法、全挖法和方差分析法分析研究不同坡位对油松白桦混交林生长以及乔、灌、草和枯落物层生物量的影响。结果表明:下坡各混交树种的胸径、树高均大于中坡和上坡;不同坡位混交林乔木层生物量的变化规律表现为下坡最大、中坡次之、上坡最小,灌、草及枯落物层生物量的变化趋势与乔木层正好相反,为上坡最多、中坡次之、下坡最少;各层次生物量在不同坡位上所占比例趋势由大到小依次为乔木层、枯落物层、灌木层、草本层,以乔木层占绝对优势,下坡、中坡、上坡的乔木层生物量分别占各坡位总生物量的95.51%、92.03%、90.08%。灌木层的植被主要以桦木科、蔷薇科、忍冬科、豆科及杜鹃花科为主,桦木科、蔷薇科植物的生物量在坡位上的变化规律均表现为上坡最高、中坡次之、下坡最低,忍冬科则正好相反,而豆科和杜鹃花科植物的生物量在坡位上的变化规律表现为中坡最高、上坡次之、下坡最低,但不同坡位上均以蔷薇科植物的生物量最多,豆科和杜鹃花科植物的生物量较少。不同坡位油松各器官生物量的分配规律由大到小依次为干、枝、根、叶,不同坡位白桦各器官生物量的分配规律由大到小依次为干、根、枝、叶,且不同坡位油松和白桦干的分配率表现为下坡最大、中坡次之、上坡最小,而枝、叶和根的分配率与干的正好相反,表现为上坡最大、中坡次之、下坡最小。 相似文献
5.
针对辽西地区油松纯林多、小老树多、生长量低、病虫害严重的问题对30年生的油松纯林实施带状皆伐工程,皆伐带与保留带比例为1：1,带宽50m,同年在皆伐迹地上栽植山杏、刺槐。土壤为栗褐土,土层厚度45～50cm,坡度6°,年平均降水量450mm。对油松×山杏混交林、油松×刺槐混交林、油松纯林三种模式的树木生长状况、林下植物多样性、林下土壤物理性状和养分状况、水土保持效益等方面进行分析评价。结果表明：山杏、刺槐与油松混交后,可改善油松林分结构,形成人工针阔混交林,促进了油松生长,混交林林下植被盖度增加,植物种类增多,枯落物的厚度加大,林地的渗透性及土壤理化性质有所改善,减少了地表径流量和土壤侵蚀量。 相似文献
6.
张强 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2023,(4):26-28
通过研究油松麻栎混交林和油松纯林枯落物的含水率,发现枯落物含水量随着浸水时间增长而增加,且与枯落物分解程度有关,半分解层>全分解层>未分解层;油松麻栎混交林枯落物含水量高于油松纯林枯落物含水量。过火试验发现,油松麻栎混交林更能降低火灾发生风险。本研究为辽西混交造林模式提供数据支撑,同时为火险预报提供参考。 相似文献
7.
北京西山地区油松元宝枫混交林生物量和营养元素循环的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
翟明普 《北京林业学院学报》1982,(4):67-79
本试验测定了25年生人工油松元宝枫混交林和油松纯林的现存生物量，生长量，枯落物层蓄积量和一年内的逐月凋落量，并分析了它们各组分的氮、磷、钾和灰分含量，土壤中速效性氮、磷、钾的含量，进而求出林分的元素年归还量和年存留量，得到了不同林分主要营养元素循环及改土性能方面的总概念，结果表明，油松元宝枫混交林对于油纯松林的优越性主要表现为：生长量高44．46％，枯落物层元素累积量高12．82－26．83％，元素的归还量和存留量分别高13－142．47％，林下土壤速效性养分含量比对照高22．5－222．7％，元宝枫凋落物分解速度快，单位胸高断面积的元素归还量比油松高1．8－4．2倍，是个良好的土壤改良树种，其结论是：选择元宝枫作为伴生树种是恰当的，在试验地条件下的这种混交组合是适宜的。 相似文献
8.
《竹子研究汇刊》2016,(3)
林下灌木是森林生态系统的重要组成,不仅能直接或间接影响养分的循环和乔木幼苗的更新,而且维护了林地土壤质量。从揭示斑块混交林下灌木多样性与土壤养分及上位乔木林分的相关关系的目标出发,以不同斑块混交毛竹林的林下灌木层植物群落作为研究对象,采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,重点探究林下灌木多样性与土壤养分及距斑块交错带距离之间的关系。基于对福建省建瓯市3座不同斑块混交毛竹林样山的林下灌木多样性和土壤养分的调查,分析了各类型林下灌木多样性的差异,运用多元线性回归分析土壤养分及距斑块交错带距离对毛竹林林下灌木Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的影响。结果表明:研究区林下灌木种类丰富,共有112种,隶属于37科97属,优势种为木莓(Rubus swinhoei)、毛冬青(Ilex pubescens Hook.et Arn.)、流苏子(Coptosapelta diffusa)、矩叶鼠刺(Itea oblonga)、杜茎山(Maesa japonica)、山血丹(Ardisia punctata)和网脉酸藤子(Embelia rudis)等;不同斑块混交毛竹林林下灌木多样性存在显著差异,混交带的丰富度指数最高,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数据距斑块交错带距离呈先上升后下降的趋势;3座山土壤养分及水分存在显著的差异,有效磷和速效钾含量都属于缺乏水平;空间距离指标(距斑块交错带的距离D)均对三座山林下灌木的Shannon-Wiener指数影响显著,具有边缘效应。 相似文献
9.
油松、辽东栎混交林中生化他感作用的研究 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
研究了油松（ＰｉｎｕｓｔａｂｕｌａｅｆｏｒｍｉｓＣａｒｒ．）、辽东栎（ＱｕｅｒｃｕｓｌｉａｏｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＫｏｉｄｚ．）混交林中的生化他感作用，结果表明：油松、辽东栎纯林及松栎混交林下的枯落叶、半分解枯落叶及表层土壤水浸液对油松及其它植物的种子发芽和幼苗胚根、幼茎生长有显著的影响，一般在高浓度下表现为强烈的抑制作用，低浓度下作用不显著或起促进作用。其中辽东栎枯落叶水浸液的抑制作用最为强烈，混交林中枯落叶的抑制作用有所下降。说明在某些条件（干旱、混交比例和混交方式不当）下，两树种混交可引起林地生化他感物质富积，从而导致油松生长不良，林地生产力下降。解释了实际林地的现象，为营造松栎混交林提供了依据。 相似文献
10.
采用5个处理3次重复的完全随机区组设计对闽楠、裂斗锥与马尾松混交林生长效应进行研究。结果表明：混交对林木生长有促进作用,混交林中闽楠的胸径、树高、林分生物量明显高于闽楠纯林,混交林中裂斗锥的胸径和林分生物量也显著高于裂斗锥纯林,两种混交林林分生物量均高于各自纯林;不同林分林下植被生物量大小排序为混交林大于纯林,混交林均不同程度的提高了林下植被生物量和凋落物量。 相似文献
11.
IntroductionItissurethatpresentelevatiollsofCO2a11dotllergrcc11-housegasesinducedbyhumanactivitiesaren1akli1gglobalclimategothroughinexperielICedcl1anges(Scl1le-subgerl987).Thecurrentquasi-equilibriulllstatesofbio-sphereecosystCm,esPeciallyterrestrialecosystems,wouldbebrokenbecausetl1estructure,fu11ction,distributio11andtlledynamicsofanyexistedecosystemsareIberesultsoflongtermadaptationofbio-systemtocurrentclin1ate.Theec()systemsdistributedinhighlatitlldeareawouldhavemuchbiggerchai1ge(Bona… 相似文献
12.
苍梧县低效防护林综合改造技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苍梧县是珠江防护林体系建设的重点县。由于人为干扰、树种选择不当、经营措施不合理等原因,林分退化严重,生态环境遭到破坏,形成较大面积的低效马尾松纯林、湿地松纯林和低效次生阔叶林。本研究通过对低效林分的土壤理化性质、凋落物、植物多样性、生物量等的调查,提出了对苍梧县低效林采取异龄混交、调整群落结构、调控林分密度、抚阔补珍、抚针植阔和封育补植等一系列综合改造技术,并对几种低效林分改造后形成的不同林分结构的土壤物理、化学性质及持续特性等效果进行了初步评价。 相似文献
13.
In the north Saxon lowlands (near Torgau), effects of conversion of pure pine stands (Pinus sylvestris L.) into mixed stands by planting deciduous trees [Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl] were investigated on parasitoid wasps as pest antagonists. The effects of planting deciduous trees in pine stands were investigated using the strategy of space-for-time substitution including advanced plantations of beech and oak of different age classes. Wasps were captured at 4-week intervals by ground photoeclectors (GPE, n=6, 1 m2) and flight-interception traps (FIT, n=8), placed in the tree crown layer during the vegetation period (April–October) of 2000. A total of 32,479 parasitoid wasps belonging to 30 families were caught in the traps. Fifty-nine percent of individuals were representatives of families relevant as antagonists of forest insect pests: Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Pteromalidae, Eulophidae, Mymaridae, Trichogrammatidae, and Scelionidae. Compared to the pure pine stand, individual numbers of most families of parasitoid wasps were statistically significantly higher in mixed stands with deciduous trees. The clearest promoting effects of deciduous trees on parasitoid wasps were manifested in the oldest age classes of advanced beech and oak plantations. Oak exerted stronger effects than beech. This applied especially to the tree crown layer, the stratum with the highest spatial correlation between important phytophagous pine pests and relevant parasitoids. The increased structural diversity of the stands and the broader spectrum of potential hosts are regarded as key factors for the promoting effects of advanced plantings of deciduous trees in pine stands on the community of parasitoid wasps. 相似文献
14.
对日本冲绳岛北部相同土壤条件下的琉球松纯林及其混交林的土壤氮素及有机碳素、地表凋落物量、枯枝落叶量以及土壤氮素矿化速率进行了比较研究。结果表明 ,琉球松纯林的地表凋落物层氮、碳平均贮量分别为133kg·hm- 2 和 7199kg·hm- 2 ,混交林则分别为 10 5kg·hm- 2 和 6 14 3kg·hm- 2 。然而 ,混交林地表 10cm矿质土层的氮、碳贮量则显著高于纯林 ,氮素比纯林多 4 93kg·hm- 2 ,碳素多 5 5 5 4kg·hm- 2 。在 30d的实验室培养实验中 ,混交林表层土壤的氮素矿化速率高于纯林 18% ;而且 ,混交林的落叶和土壤的碳氮比值亦明显低于松纯林。混交林土壤的年平均矿化氮素 (NH4 NO3- )浓度高于纯林 2 2 %。与松纯林相比 ,混交林通过枯枝落叶年平均氮素归还量多 4 3 7kg·hm- 2 ,碳素归还量多 16 5 5kg·hm- 2 。混交林具有较高的氮素归还量 ,主要是混交林的针叶含氮含量较高以及大量的高含氮量的阔叶落叶所致。上述结果充分说明针阔混交导致了林分氮素循环的变化。 相似文献
15.
16.
Elena Marcos Leonor Calvo José Antonio Marcos Ángela Taboada Reyes Tárrega 《European Journal of Forest Research》2010,129(1):25-30
We aimed to study tree effects on the chemical properties of forest soils. We compared soil features of three types of forest ecosystems, each with four stands (replicates): beech forests (Fagus sylvatica), oak forests (dominated by Quercus pyrenaica) and pine plantations (Pinus sylvestris). Five samples from the top 10 cm of soil were taken per stand, from which pH, organic matter content (O.M.), total nitrogen (N) and available calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) were determined. Litter layer depth was measured at each soil sampling point. We also measured tree density and crown diameters at each stand. Our results indicated that soil samples from the four pine plantation stands were more similar while oak and beech stands were characterised by great variability in terms of soil properties and leaf litter depth. Although the identity of the dominant tree species significantly influenced several topsoil chemical properties (increase in pH and available cations in oak forests and higher organic matter and total nitrogen in beech and pine ecosystems), there were other important factors affecting soil features that may be taken under consideration. Differences between soil properties of the three types of forest ecosystems were mainly related to the characteristics of the litter layer and less related to the tree layer structure. Finally, the establishment of pine plantations in naturally deciduous tree areas made the topsoil features more homogeneous. 相似文献
17.
Forest structure and carbon dynamics of an intact lowland mixed dipterocarp forest in Brunei Darussalam 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sohye Lee Jongyeol Lee Seongjun Kim Yujin Roh Kamariah Abu Salim Woo-Kyun Lee Yowhan Son 《林业研究》2018,29(1):199-203
Tropical forests play a critical role in mitigating climate change because they account for large amount o terrestrial carbon storage and productivity.However,there are many uncertainties associated with the estimation o carbon dynamics.We estimated forest structure and carbon dynamics along a slope(17.3°–42.8°)and to assess the relations between forest structures,carbon dynamics,and slopes in an intact lowland mixed dipterocarp forest,in Kuala Belalong,Brunei Darussalam.Living biomass,basa area,stand density,crown properties,and tree family composition were measured for forest structure.Growth rate,litter production,and litter decomposition rates were also measured for carbon dynamics.The crown form index and the crown position index were used to assess crown properties,which we categorized into five stages,from very poor to perfect.The living biomass,basal area and stand density were 261.5–940.7 Mg ha~(-1),43.6–63.6 m~2ha~(-1)and 6,675–8400 tree ha~(-1),respectively.The average crown form and position index were 4,which means that the crown are mostly symmetrical and sufficiently exposed for photosynthesis.The mean biomass growth rate,litter production,litter decomposition rate were estimated as11.9,11.6 Mg ha~(-1)a~(-1),and 7.2 g a~(-1),respectively.Biomass growth rate was significantly correlated with living biomass,basal area,and crown form.Crown form appeared to strongly influence living biomass,basal area and biomass growth rate in terms of light acquisition.However,basal area,stand density,crown properties,and biomass growth rate did not vary by slope or tree family composition.The results indicate that carbon accumulation by tree growth in an intact lowland mixed dipterocarp forest depends on crown properties.Absence of any effect of tree family composition on carbon accumulation suggests that the main driver of biomass accumulation in old-growth forests of Borneo is not species-specific characteristics of tree species. 相似文献
18.
Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins can cause extensive tree mortality in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., forests in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. Most studies that have examined stand susceptibility to mountain pine beetle have been conducted in even-aged stands. Land managers increasingly practice uneven-aged management. We established 84 clusters of four plots, one where bark beetle-caused mortality was present and three uninfested plots. For all plot trees we recorded species, tree diameter, and crown position and for ponderosa pine whether they were killed or infested by mountain pine beetle. Elevation, slope, and aspect were also recorded. We used classification trees to model the likelihood of bark beetle attack based on plot and site variables. The probability of individual tree attack within the infested plots was estimated using logistic regression. Basal area of ponderosa pine in trees ≥25.4 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) and ponderosa pine stand density index were correlated with mountain pine beetle attack. Regression trees and linear regression indicated that the amount of observed tree mortality was associated with initial ponderosa pine basal area and ponderosa pine stand density index. Infested stands had higher total and ponderosa pine basal area, total and ponderosa pine stand density index, and ponderosa pine basal area in trees ≥25.4 cm dbh. The probability of individual tree attack within infested plots was positively correlated with tree diameter with ponderosa pine stand density index modifying the relationship. A tree of a given size was more likely to be attacked in a denser stand. We conclude that stands with higher ponderosa pine basal area in trees >25.4 cm and ponderosa pine stand density index are correlated with an increased likelihood of mountain pine beetle bark beetle attack. Information form this study will help forest managers in the identification of uneven-aged stands with a higher likelihood of bark beetle attack and expected levels of tree mortality. 相似文献
19.
选择福建省建阳范桥国有林场16年生杉木×闽粤栲混交林与杉木纯林为研究对象,对不同坡位不同林分养分积累量进行分析对比。结果表明:上坡立地条件下,杉木纯林乔木层N、P、K养分积累量均大于杉木×闽粤栲混交林。中坡和下坡林分乔木层养分积累量则表现为混交林大于杉木纯林。不同林分乔木层养分积累量均占整个林分养分积累总量的90%以上,且表现为N>K>P和下坡>中坡>上坡。上坡杉木纯林的灌木层和草本层N、P积累量均大于混交林,下坡林分的灌木层N、P、K养分积累量均表现为杉木×闽粤栲混交林大于杉木纯林。不同林分凋落物的N和P的积累量均大大超过草本层和灌木层的积累量。 相似文献