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1.
OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy of topical treatment with oxytetracycline solution or 1 of 4 nonantibiotic solutions among dairy cows with papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD). DESIGN: Randomized field trial. ANIMALS: 66 cows in a single herd. PROCEDURE: Cows were randomly assigned to be treated with oxytetracycline solution; a commercial formulation of soluble copper, peroxide compound, and a cationic agent; 5% copper sulfate solution; acidified ionized copper solution; hydrogen peroxide-peroxyacetic acid solution; or tap water. Cows were examined 14 and 30 days after initial treatment. During each examination, pain and lesion scores were recorded. RESULTS: On the basis of pain and lesion scores, oxytetracycline and the commercial formulation appeared equally effective for treatment of PDD and significantly more effective than 5% copper sulfate solution, acidified ionized copper solution, hydrogen peroxide-peroxyacetic acid solution, and tap water. Proportions of cows with signs of pain or visible lesions after treatment were significantly lower for cows treated with oxytetracycline or the commercial formulation than for cows in the other groups. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Oxytetracycline and a commercial formulation of soluble copper, peroxide compound, and a cationic agent appeared to be effective for treatment of PDD in dairy cows.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there would be detectable antibiotic residues in milk obtained from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) after topical treatment with oxytetracycline. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 28 lactating Holstein cows with PDD. PROCEDURE: Cows were assigned to 2 treatment groups. Treatment 1 (n = 16) consisted of spraying of PDD lesions with 15 ml of a solution containing 100 mg of oxytetracycline/ml; lesions were sprayed twice daily for 7 days, using a garden sprayer. Treatment 2 (n = 12) consisted of a one-time application of a bandage that consisted of cotton soaked with 20 ml of a solution containing 100 mg of oxytetracycline/ml. Milk samples were obtained before and after treatment and assayed for tetracycline content by use of high-performance liquid chromatography and a commercially available tetracycline screening test. RESULTS: None of the cows in either treatment group had violative residues of oxytetracycline in milk samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Producers treating lactating cows that have PDD, via topical application of oxytetracycline solution at the concentrations reported in this study, have a low risk of causing violative antibiotic residues in milk.  相似文献   

3.
Effect of lameness on milk yield in dairy cows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between lameness and milk yield in dairy cows. DESIGN: Cohort study. ANIMALS: 531 dairy cows. PROCEDURE: Cows affected with lameness were classified into 1 of 3 groups on the basis of type of diseases or lesions observed, including interdigital phlegmon (foot rot), papillomatous digital dermatitis (foot warts), or claw lesions. Cows not affected with lameness were classified as healthy. From Dairy Herd Improvement Association records, 305-day mature equivalent milk yield data were collected at the end of lactation or when the cow left the herd. Milk yield was compared between cows affected with lameness and healthy cows. RESULTS: 167 (31%) cows were affected with lameness during lactation. Lame cows had claw lesions (60%), papillomatous digital dermatitis (31%), or interdigital phlegmon (9%). Milk yield in lame cows with interdigital phlegmon (mean, 17,122 lb) was significantly less, compared with healthy cows (19,007 lb). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In this herd, interdigital phlegmon was associated with a 10% decrease in milk production. Lame cows with claw lesions or papillomatous digital dermatitis produced less milk than healthy cows, but the difference was not significant.  相似文献   

4.
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5.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Chile between January and March, 1996, to identify risk factors for papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) in lactating dairy and dual-purpose cows. A total of 3,265 cows from 22 farms were examined in the milking parlor for PDD lesions. Additional information was collected from dairies' computerized records and by direct interview of managers. Data were analyzed using logistic and logistic-binomial regression (with dairy as a random-effect term). German Red-Pied (dual-purpose) cows were significantly (P < 0.05) less likely (odds ratio (OR) = 0.3) to have PDD lesions than German Black-Pied and Holstein crossbreds. First-parity cows had the highest odds of PDD, and odds diminished, in a dose-effect manner, as parity increased. Odds of PDD increased with increasing days in lactation. Cows that calved during winter were more likely to have PDD (OR = 1.4) than those calving at any other season. Cows on farms that bought heifers in the past 10 years had a 3-fold increase in the odds of PDD compared to those on farms that never bought heifers. Loose-housed cows had a higher risk of PDD (OR = 7), followed by cows in free stalls or in open corrals (OR = 2.8 and 1.3, respectively), compared to cows on pasture all year. Cows on dairies that used a footbath during 1996 were less likely (OR = 0.3) to have PDD than those in dairies not using one. Parlor type was associated with PDD, but this was likely an effect of parlor design on ease of inspection of cows' feet. A policy of trimming all cows' vs. only lame cows' feet and a policy about buying adult cows did not have significant effects on PDD risk.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether vaccination with a monovalent Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strain hardjobovis vaccine coupled with parenteral long-acting oxytetracycline treatment would improve the reproductive performance of beef cows. DESIGN: Randomized controlled field trial. ANIMALS: 1,446 Angus-cross beef cows in 8 locations. PROCEDURES: Cows were given 2 doses, 4 weeks apart, of vaccine (treatment; n=741) or placebo (control; 705). Cows in the treatment group were also given a single dose of a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation (20 mg/kg [9.1 mg/lb], SC) at the time of booster vaccination. Estrus synchronization was performed, followed by fixed-time artificial insemination; bulls were introduced 14 days after insemination. Serum and urine samples were obtained on a random subset of cows (n=194) for detection of serologic titers and leptospiruria, and locations were categorized as positive or negative for leptospirosis on the basis of detection of leptospiruric cows. RESULTS: No differences in pregnancy and calving rates between treatment and control groups were detected. Pregnancy rate following artificial insemination was lower among cows in locations positive for leptospirosis than among cows in locations negative for leptospirosis; however, overall pregnancy rate, calving rate following artificial insemination, and overall calving rate did not differ between groups when cows were grouped on the basis of location leptospirosis status. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that under the conditions of the present study, administration of a monovalent Leptospira vaccine in conjunction with systemic administration of oxytetracycline did not significantly improve reproductive performance of beef cows.  相似文献   

7.
Lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in four separately housed groups in a herd with endemic digital dermatitis (DD) were monitored weekly for 4 weeks in December 2004 for the presence of and transition between five stages (M0-M4) of DD. Cows were also monitored for the presence of heel horn erosion (HHE) and interdigital hyperplasia. Prior to the study, two groups had been housed indoors on a high or low energy ration, one group had been grazed and one was a dry cow group. All cows received the same ration during the period of investigation. 'Active infection' was defined as transition from M0, M1, M3 or M4 to M2 and 'resolving M2 lesions' were defined as transition from M2 to another stage. M2 lesions were diagnosed on 106 occasions in the hind claws of 49 (36%) of 138 dairy cows; both hind claws were affected in nine cases (18%). M2 lesions were more often painful on palpation than other stages; 94% of M2 lesions were located plantar-medially near the interdigital cleft and 71% had a diameter of 2-4 cm. More M1 lesions than other stages were found within the interdigital space. When interdigital hyperplasia was present, claws were always concurrently affected by DD. The baseline incidence for 'active infection' was 6% per week, increasing to 11% when HHE was present, 14% when cows were previously housed indoors and fed a high energy ration and 16% when cows were 60-120 days in lactation. Topical treatment with chlortetracycline resulted in resolution from M2 of 79% per week. There were no significant effects of group, stage of lactation, parity or HHE on resolution of M2 lesions.  相似文献   

8.
The study was carried out on a single herd of 500 Holstein breed dairy cattle. Only 50 dairy cows (10%) were found to be suffering from focal ulcerative and papillomatous digital dermatitis of the pastern region. The cows were subjected to clinical and histopathological examinations. Early ulcerative stage was seen in 30 cows and late papillomatous stage was observed in 20 cows. The topical application of oxytetracycline solution or benzathine penicillin powder appeared to be effective for the treatment of the ulcerative lesions. The histopathological findings showed signs of epidermopoiesis and papilloma formation. The dermal reaction revealed signs of fibroplasia and perivascular aggregation of inflammatory cells. Silver stained sections indicated the presence of longer filamentous spiral spirochetes, cocci and large-sized anaerobic bacilli invading the stratum spinosum. In conclusion it can be said that bovine digital dermatitis was observed in ulcerative and papillomatous form at the pastern region bordering the dewclaws. Spirochetes are frequently associated with and may be responsible for pathological changes in the lesion.  相似文献   

9.
The objective of this study was to observe the dynamics of clinical cure and recurrence of the lesions of bovine digital dermatitis for 11months after treatment with topical lincomycin HCl. The study was a clinical follow-up of 39 active bovine digital dermatitis lesions (from 29 cows). Cows with active, painful bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) lesions on the interdigital commissure of the rear feet were identified on day 0. On day 1, lesions in all cows were photographed and full-skin thickness 6mm punch biopsies were obtained for histological evaluation. All lesions on all cows were treated with topical lincomycin paste under a light bandage. On days 12 and 23, a subsample of 10 lesions was randomly selected, photographed, and biopsied. On day 37, all lesions on all cows were photographed and biopsied. After day 37, lesions were evaluated on a monthly basis. All lesions were photographed at each observation until day 341 (end of study) but only cows that had macroscopically active lesions were biopsied. Of the 39 lesions treated on day 1, 21 (54%) required re-treatment on at least one occasion before day 341. Macroscopic classification agreed well with histological classification when lesions were small, focal and active (M1 lesions) or large, ulcerative and active (M2), but agreement was variable for lesions that had healed macroscopically (M5) or that were chronic (M4). A transition model showed that M1 and M2 lesions were 27 times more likely to be an M2 lesion on the next observation than to be a healed (M5) lesion.  相似文献   

10.
In this study, the efficacy of the non-antibiotic paste Protexin Hoof-Care containing metallic salts and organic acids, was tested for local treatment of 26 acute digital dermatitis lesions. The control group (26 cases) was treated with local application of oxytetracycline spray. These 52 affected limbs with digital dermatitis were diagnosed in 47 dairy cows from eight different farms with slatted floors. The therapeutic effect was evaluated using a scoring system for weightbearing at stance, lameness at walk and pain of the digital dermatitis lesions. The pre-treatment and control examination scores were documented on days 0, 4, 10 and 28. Both treatment regimens were effective, no statistical differences regarding the examined parameters was found between the group treated with the non-antibiotic Protexin Hoof-Care paste and the group treated with oxytetracycline spray. Twenty-seven digital dermatitis lesions required only one treatment with one of these products. A second topical treatment was carried out on day 4 in 13 lesions of the study group and in 12 lesions of the control group. The data of this pilot study indicate that the non-antibiotic paste Protexin Hoof-Care could be a valuable alternative to topical antibiotic treatment for digital dermatitis in dairy cattle.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial pathogens isolated from the milk of dairy cows with clinical mastitis were associated with duration of clinical signs or bacteriologic cure rate following treatment with cephapirin and oxytetracycline. DESIGN: Observational study on a convenience sample. ANIMALS: 58 dairy cows with 121 episodes of clinical mastitis. PROCEDURE: Cows that only had abnormal glandular secretions were treated with cephapirin alone. Cows with an inflamed gland and abnormal glandular secretions were treated with oxytetracycline and cephapirin. Cows with systemic signs of illness, an inflamed gland, and abnormal glandular secretions were treated with oxytetracycline and flunixin meglumine and frequent stripping of the affected glands. The Kirby-Bauer method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and current guidelines were used to categorize causative bacteria as susceptible or resistant to the treatment regimen. RESULTS: Median durations of episodes of clinical mastitis caused by susceptible (n = 97) and resistant (24) bacteria were not significantly different. Bacteriologic cure rates at 14 and 28 days were similar for episodes caused by susceptible and resistant bacteria; however, for 56 episodes of clinical mastitis caused by gram-positive bacteria and treated with cephapirin alone, bacteriologic cure rate at 28 days was significantly higher for susceptible than for resistant bacteria. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that antimicrobial susceptibility testing was of no value in predicting duration of clinical signs or bacteriologic cure rate in dairy cows with mastitis, except for episodes caused by gram-positive organisms treated with intramammary administration of cephapirin alone.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between lameness and the duration of the interval from calving to subsequent conception in lactating dairy cows. DESIGN: Cohort study. ANIMALS: 837 dairy cows. PROCEDURE: Cows affected with lameness were classified into 1 of 4 groups on the basis of types of disease or lesions observed, including foot rot, papillomatous digital dermatitis, claw lesions, or multiple lesions. Cows not affected with lameness were classified as healthy. Time from calving to conception was compared between lame cows and healthy cows. RESULTS: 254 (30%) cows were affected with lameness during lactation. Most lame cows (59%) had claw lesions. Lame cows with claw lesions were 0.52 times as likely to conceive as healthy cows. Median time to conception was 40 days longer in lame cows with claw lesions, compared with healthy cows. Number of breedings per conception for lame cows with claw lesions was significantly higher than that for healthy cows. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Claw lesions were the most important cause of lameness, impairing reproductive performance in dairy cows, as indicated by a higher incidence of affected cows and a greater time from calving to conception and a higher number of breedings required per conception, compared with healthy cows.  相似文献   

13.
The association between occurrences of pairs of diseases (hypocalcaemia, ketosis, hypomagnesaemia, dystocia, retained placenta, endometritis, mastitis and lameness) was studied in 2109 lactations over 6 years in 894 British Friesian, Ayrshire and Holstein crossbred cows. The recurrence of disease in 1215 pairs of consecutive lactations was also examined.Cows with ketosis or hypocalcaemia in one lactation were twice as likely to have hypocalcaemia in the next, and the occurrence of ketosis in consecutive lactations was also related. The proportions of cows with mastitis were 0.38 and 0.23 depending on whether the cow had or did not have mastitis in the preceding lactation, and cows with lameness showed similar increased probabilities of the same lesion recurring in the next lactation. In contrast, cows with retained placenta, dystocia or endometritis in one lactation showed no increased likelihood of having the same disease in the next.As anticipated, within lactations, the occurrence of endometritis was strongly associated with dystocia and retained placenta. Endometritis was also linked with a two-fold increase in the incidence of ketosis and susceptibility to interdigital cleft lesions. Hypocalcaemia and ketosis occurred three times more often during lactations in which hypomagnesaemia also occurred, but occurrences of mastitis appeared to be generally unrelated to other diseases.  相似文献   

14.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of prophylactic hoof health examination and trimming during midlactation at reducing the incidence of lameness during late lactation in dairy cows. DESIGN: Randomized field trial. ANIMALS: 333 Holstein cows. PROCEDURES: Cows without apparent lameness were randomly allocated into 1 of 2 groups approximately 204 days after calving. Cows allocated to the treatment group (n = 161) were examined on a tilt table for diagnosis and underwent hoof-trimming procedures, if needed, for treatment of hoof disorders or lesions. Cows in the control group (n = 172) were not examined. Cows were assigned a locomotion score weekly for 28 weeks after allocation to a group. The number of cows classified as lame during late lactation (approx 205 to 400 days after calving) was compared between groups to assess the efficacy of prophylactic examination and trimming. RESULTS: Incidence of lameness during late lactation was 24% in cows in the control group and 18% in cows in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The 25% decrease in number of new cases of lameness in cows undergoing prophylactic hoof health examination and trimming during midlactation may be relevant for the well-being of dairy cows and should not represent a major economic burden to producers.  相似文献   

15.
Objective: To determine whether preoperative administration of erythromycin or flunixin meglumine altered postoperative abomasal emptying rate, rumen contraction rate, or milk production in dairy cattle undergoing surgical correction of left displacement of the abomasum (LDA). DESIGN: Nonrandomized, controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 45 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows with LDA. PROCEDURES: Cows were alternately assigned to an erythromycin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], IM), flunixin (2.2 mg/kg [1.0 mg/lb], IV), or control group (n = 15/group). Treatments were administered once 1 hour before surgical correction of LDA. D-Xylose solution (50%; 0.5 g/kg [0.23 g/lb]) was injected into the abomasal lumen during surgery, and venous blood samples were periodically obtained to determine time to maximum serum D-xylose concentration. RESULTS: Abomasal emptying rate was significantly faster in cows treated with erythromycin (mean +/- SD time to maximum serum D-xylose concentration, 149 +/- 48 minutes) than in control cows (277 +/- 95 minutes) but was not significantly different between cows treated with flunixin (230 +/- 49 minutes) and control cows. Cows treated with erythromycin had significantly greater milk production, relative to production before surgery, on postoperative days 1 and 2 than did control cows. Cows in the erythromycin and flunixin groups had a significantly higher rumen contraction rate on the first postoperative day than did control cows. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that preoperative administration of a single dose of erythromycin increased abomasal emptying rate, rumen contraction rate, and milk production in the immediate postoperative period in cows undergoing surgical correction of LDA.  相似文献   

16.
BACKGROUND: Dextrose is commonly administered to postparturient dairy cows, which often have low plasma phosphorus concentration ([P]) as a result of anorexia and sudden onset of lactation. Intravenous (IV) dextrose administration causes hypophosphatemia in other species. HYPOTHESIS: Bolus administration of dextrose to postparturient dairy cows results in a transient decrease in plasma [P]. ANIMALS: Six healthy postparturient dairy cows. METHODS: Using a crossover design, cows were administered 500 mL of 50% dextrose solution IV or a sham treatment. Plasma concentrations of glucose ([glucose]), immunoreactive insulin ([IRI]), and phosphorus were monitored for 12 hours after each treatment. Urine [P], [glucose], and volume and salivary [P] were also determined. RESULTS: Plasma [glucose], [IRI], and [P] were stable during sham treatment. Plasma [P] decreased rapidly after dextrose administration, dropping by 35% in 1 hour and remaining below baseline for 90 minutes. Salivary [P], urine [P], and urine volume per hour remained stable after dextrose administration, but glucose was detected in urine for up to 6 hours. The amount of glucose excreted in urine in 12 hours (11.9+/-4.5 g) was less than 5% of the administered dose. Regression analysis revealed a stronger association between plasma [P] and [IRI] than between plasma [P] and [glucose], suggesting that hyperinsulinemia drove the hypophosphatemia. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Results indicate that low plasma [P] should be expected in cows that have received IV dextrose within 1 hour before blood sampling. Caution is advised when administering dextrose solution to cows already at risk of hypophosphatemia.  相似文献   

17.
The efficacy of two topical treatments for painful ulcerative stage (M2) of bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) lesions was compared in a clinical trial conducted on five dairy farms in 2009 to 2010. The first treatment was a water-based gel with active components copper and zinc (Intra Hoof-fit gel [IHF]) and the second treatment was a topical chlortetracycline spray (CTC spray). The experimental unit for this study was the hindleg with the presence of a BDD lesion. Cure was defined as the transition of an M2 lesion into a healed (M0) or a non-painful chronic stage (M4) of BDD at D28. On day 0, cows with M2 BDD lesions were photographed and were treated with either IHF or CTC. Subsequently, feet were photographed and scored on D28. The cure rate of M2 BDD lesions treated with IHF at D28 was 0.92 (CI 0.84 to 0.96) and was significantly better than for M2 BDD lesions treated with CTC, which was 0.58 (CI 0.47 to 0.68).  相似文献   

18.
Outbreaks of papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) have been reported from many countries, but there is little information on prevalence and geographic distribution of the disease. Our objectives were to describe prevalence of PDD on dairies belonging to the two main dairy-producer associations in Chile, and to evaluate a milking-parlor screening method for detection of PDD in dairy cows. First, a self-administered questionnaire was sent to all 214 association dairy managers. Seventy percent of the 119 respondents had observed PDD on their dairies. About 83% of the 63 responding managers had first seen PDD during the previous 10 years. Subsequently, a random sample of 43 dairies stratified by association was selected from the total 214 for PDD screening. During milking, we inspected cows' feet for PDD lesions; 91% of dairies had cows affected by PDD; median PDD prevalence for milking cows in dairies was 6.1%. Finally, in one dairy, PDD screening at the parlor was compared to PDD diagnosis by inspecting restrained cows in a chute. The screening method had a sensitivity of 0.72, and a specificity of 0.99. This study demonstrated that PDD was widespread on study dairies in Chile. The screening test presented can be used as a cost efficient method to estimate prevalence of PDD either on individual dairies or in large-scale surveys.  相似文献   

19.
Locomotion scoring, lying behaviour and lesion recording during hoof trimming are all ways of evaluating hoof health in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between these measures in a random sample of 1340 cows from 42 Danish dairy herds. The hypothesis was that locomotion scoring and/or the monitoring of lying behaviour could be used as tools to identify cows with hoof lesions, either of the horn or of the skin. Cows were locomotion scored, lying behaviour recorded and data on hoof lesions seen during hoof trimming collected. The results were analysed using logistic regression with hoof lesion as the outcome and locomotion score (1-5), mean duration of lying bouts, parity and lactation stage as explanatory variables. This analysis was undertaken for all types of lesions, for hoof horn lesions only and for skin lesions only. Odds of all hoof lesions and of skin lesions increased with increasing locomotion score and increasing mean duration of lying bouts. Odds of horn lesions also increased with increasing locomotion score, but there was no significant association between horn lesions and the mean duration of lying bouts. It was concluded that locomotion scoring and duration of lying bouts may be used as tools in the management of hoof health in dairy herds.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Treponema-associated papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) occurs in Australian dairy cattle. DESIGN: Mail-out questionnaire and histological and bacteriological examination of biopsy tissue from suspect PDD lesions. PROCEDURE: The questionnaire was mailed to 375 veterinarians to evaluate their knowledge of PDD, determine if they had observed the disease in Australian dairy cattle, and to request biopsy material from suspicious cases. Biopsies were examined for histological and bacteriological evidence of PDD, including for the presence of spirochaetes. RESULTS: Eighty-eight replies to the questionnaire were received (23.5%). Of 52 respondents who were aware of PDD as a possible cause of lameness, 26 reported observing the condition in Australian cattle. Of 32 respondents who were unaware of the condition, 6 reported observing lesions that might have been PDD. The majority of reports of PDD-like lesions came from the southern Australian states, the condition occurring during periods of high rainfall and proving responsive to topical or parenteral application of antimicrobials. Biopsies from five erosive lesions showed histological similarity to PDD whereas biopsies from five proliferative lesions were consistent with chronic inflammation, fibroma or cutaneous papilloma. The presence of spirochaetes was not demonstrated in any of the lesions by histological or bacteriological methods. CONCLUSION: Anecdotal reports and analysis of biopsy material confirm that a condition similar to PDD does occur sporadically in dairy cattle in southern Australia. However, this condition has so far not been shown to be associated with the presence of spirochaetes in the lesions.  相似文献   

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