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1.
皖南花猪泌乳力的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
抽选２～９胎次的皖南花哺乳母猪６头,每头母猪带仔１０～１４头,有效乳头数７对。试验母猪日粮含ＤＥ１１．７２ＭＪ／ｋｇ和ＣＰ１２％,取日粮２．５～３．０千克,按１２与青绿多汁饲料混合打匀投喂。供试母猪自分娩开始,每５天进行一次泌乳量测定,直到产后泌乳５０天。利用线性模型校正不同胎次和带仔数的泌乳量,再采用一元高次方程进行泌乳曲线分析。结果表明,皖南花猪泌乳高峰期在分娩后的第１０～１５天,其间平均泌乳量为５．６６～５．９１ｋｇ／天,分娩后的第３５天泌乳量为３．７ｋｇ／天。不同乳头的泌乳量为第１、２和３号乳头最高,平均每个单乳头泌乳３８０～３８５ｇ／天,向后乳头的泌乳量呈下降趋势,第７号乳头泌乳量为３００．５ｇ／天。不同泌乳阶段表现出明显的节律性,泌乳曲线方程的拟合度均在０．９０以上。 相似文献
2.
选用法国伊普吕母兔 12只 ,分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ组 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组每只母兔哺育仔兔各为 7只和 8只 ,观测泌乳特性及其对仔兔生长发育的影响。结果表明 :全期 35天 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组每只母兔泌乳量各为 6 2 0 2g和 6 2 96 g(P >0 0 5 ) ,泌乳曲线相似 ,产后第 15～ 18天为泌乳高峰 ;Ⅰ组泌乳力和每只仔兔吮乳量比Ⅱ组分别高 1 9% (P >0 0 5 )和 12 6 % (P <0 0 1) ;仔兔随日龄增长 ,乳转化均渐减 ,日增重则不断提高 ,35日龄Ⅰ组仔兔个体重比Ⅱ组高 18% (P <0 0 1) ,于 2 8～ 30日龄断奶可行。 相似文献
3.
异黄酮植物雌激素(IFV-D)对哺乳母猪作用的研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本试验选用１８头经产二花脸母猪，根据胎次和以往生产性能分成对照组和试验组，每组为９头。试验组母猪从分娩的第１天起在日粮中添加５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇＩＦＶ－Ｄ，至４５日断奶时结束。结果表明：（１）．ＩＦＶ－Ｄ影响母猪泌乳量。母猪第５天的每次泌乳量，试验组为２７１．７４±１９．８０ｇ极显著地高于对照组２２５．６１±１６．２７ｇ，而第２０天的每次泌乳量，对照组为３５３．１４±１９．８７ｇ显著地高于试验组３０５．７２±１５．７３ｇ。（２）．ＩＦＶ－Ｄ对仔猪生长的影响表现出前期（前１０天）试验组高于对照组，而后期对照组快于试验组。（３）．试验组９头母猪中，在哺乳期第２８～３５天期间有５头出现发情行为，而对照组中没有发现 相似文献
4.
5.
VA,VE,Se提高母猪繁殖力效果试验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
VA、VE、Se在母猪生产上的应用研究，旨在提高母猪窝产仔数及仔猪断乳成活率。同时观察对仔猪初生重、断乳体重及母猪泌乳量的影响。试验母猪在断乳后第3天至妊娠21天、产前1周至产后1周分两阶段口服VA、VE，肌注亚硒酸钠，与对照组猪同等条件饲养。试验结果为，试验母猪平均窝产仔11．8头，仔猪初生重平均1．48千克，断乳体量平均8．63千克，断乳成活率88．7％，母猪产后7天每天平均泌乳量3．63千克；对照组母猪平均每窝产仔10．2头，仔猪平均初生重1．63千克，断乳体重平均8．15千克，断乳成活率79．5％，母猪产后7天每天平均泌乳3．32千克。结果表明，试验母猪窝产仔数平均比对照母猪提高1．6头（P＜0．05），断乳成活率提高9．2％，产后7天内泌乳量提高9．3％。 相似文献
6.
试验选用60头长白原种母猪，按胎次、配种时间、膘情等随机分为6个处理组，每个处理组10个重复．每个重复1头母猪。试验选用的饲料六个处理组完全一样，六个处理组的日粮分别在妊娠第0天、80天、90天、98天、105天开始增加到每天3．0千克／头。妊娠母猪采食潮拌料，自由饮水，分娩前3天减料。检测指标是母猪产后的食欲、泌乳情况和哺乳仔猪的出生重、生长速度、健康状况’以及母猪的分娩应激异常情况。试验表明，虽然各组母猪产下的仔猪出生重差异显著，但是妊娠90天之前加料至每天3．0千克／头．影响了产后母猪的食欲、泌乳量和哺乳仔猪的生长速度及增多了分娩应激情况；妊娠90天之后加料至每天3,0千克／头，影响了哺乳仔猪的健康状况、生长速度以及哺乳母猪的泌乳量和健康状况；妊娠90天加料至每天3．0千克／头，产后母猪的食欲和泌乳量处于最佳状态，哺乳仔猪生长速度较快、发病率较低、饲料利用率较高。 相似文献
7.
粗毛型长毛兔选育研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以杂交育种的方法，在德系长毛兔中导人粗毛率高的基因，经过三代以上的杂交，所获得杂种粗毛兔１２００只，平均粗毛率１４．０９％，年产毛量７４４克。从中途出粗毛率高、产毛量高的粗毛型兔２５０只进行横交固定，经过四个世代选育后已进入五世代，其生产性能如下：平均产活仔数７．２９±２．４８只，２１天泌乳力达２０８２±５８．５克，４２日龄断奶个体重达１０８０±１４５克，６月龄体重达３４０５±６５克，８月龄体重达４１４５±３４０克，１１月龄体重达４４００±３９２克，粗毛率达１５．５６％±４．９１％，产毛量达８８０±４０克，均达到和超过原定选育指标。粗毛型长毛兔经过八年的培育，其遗传性状已基本趋于稳定。运用半同胞组内内相关系数的方法测定：粗毛率的遗传力为０．１３４，产毛量的遗传力为０．２９５，与德系长毛兔产毛量遗传力０．３相近，初生个体重、２１天窝重、断奶个体重的遗传力分别为０．１１７、０．２３３、０．１６１，粗毛率与产毛量的遗传相关系数为０．１３１，表型相关系数为０．１４７，均呈正相关。 相似文献
8.
母兔带仔数对其泌乳力及仔幼兔生长发育影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用33只ZIKA商品代成年母兔和264只仔兔，进行两批试验，研究母兔带仔数对其泌乳力及仔兔生长发育的影响。结果表明带仔越多的母兔泌乳力越高，7只组、8只组、9只组(以下顺序同)21天总泌乳量分别为4159g、4417g、5076g。但仔兔吮乳量相反，母兔带仔少的仔兔个体吮乳量较高，三组21天个体吮乳量分别为595g、554g、576g。仔兔生长发育主要受哺乳期影响较大，21日龄个体活重三组分别为412.0g、389.7g、377.8g(P0.05)。 相似文献
9.
长毛兔哺育仔兔数对仔兔生长发育及成活率的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
一般来讲，长毛兔的母性较差，泌乳力中等。若哺育过多的仔兔，往往造成哺乳母兔的膘情下降，仔兔的正常生长发育受阻，体质较差，成活率较低，影响仔兔今后的生产性能的发挥。为探讨长毛兔哺育仔兔数对仔兔生长发育及成活率的影响，以便为实际生产中确定适宜的哺育仔兔数提供依据，我们进行了本试验。 1材料与方法 1． 1试验时间及地点 本试验于 2000年 3月 25日～ 5月 14日在宁夏银川市平吉堡奶牛场宁夏兄弟兔业有限公司进行。 1． 2试验兔的选择和分组 选择健康无病、使用年限相同、母性好、泌乳能力相近、配种时间接近的妊娠母… 相似文献
10.
湖北白猪Ⅵ系的泌乳力经选样实际测定结果，具有正常繁殖力的母猪分娩２０天内的泌乳量为１５０．６０千克，仔猪２０日龄窝重达４８．８３千克，其中增重３３．８９千克，每增重１公斤吮耗奶量４．４５千克；分娩４５天内的泌乳总量为３０４．６５千克。由于泌有也力强，仔猪增重较快，４５日龄窝重达１４０千克，６０日龄窝重达２１０千克以上。 相似文献
11.
M. Bogucki A. Sawa I. Kuropatwińska 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2017,67(1-2):66-70
The aim of the study was to determine the association of automatic milking systems milking frequency (≤2.40, 2.41–2.80 and >2.80 times/day) in primiparous and multiparous cows with their daily milk yield and milkability. The analysis included of the milk production level and the interaction between milking frequency per day and daily milk yield. Regardless of the daily production level, most primiparous cows were milked 2.41–2.80 times/day and most multiparous cows >2.80 times/day. Higher daily milk yield and a more favourable effect of increasing milking frequency on this parameter were observed in multiparous cows, with an increase from 29.7?kg (milking frequency ≤2.40 times/day) to 31.1?kg milk (>2.80 times/day). In primiparous cows, this increase was smaller and amounted to 0.8?kg milk (from 29.2 to 30.0?kg). 相似文献
12.
Three experiments were conducted on Martina Franca jennies. Experiment 1 tested Wood's model for evaluating the lactation curve. Data from the entire lactation period of 12 jennies were used. The results showed that Wood's model was able to recognize the shape of the lactation curve from pooled data (r(2) = 0.11; P < 0.01), with the lactation peak occurring at 48 d. Individual curves showed wide variability. Experiment 2 aimed to evaluate the effects of the daily number of milkings (1, 3, or 6) and the interval between the separation of foals from dams and milking (2 or 3 h) on milk yield and udder health. Four groups of jennies (n = 5) were considered: 1 × 3H, milked once per day (1×) with a 3-h interval from the time of foal removal (3H) from the dams to mechanical milking (3-h interval); 3 × 3H, milked 3 times per day with 3-h intervals; 3 × 2H, milked 3 times per day with 2-h intervals; and 6 × 2H, milked 6 times per day with 2-h intervals. The milk somatic cell count (SCC) was monitored. Better efficiency was observed for 3 vs. 1 milking per day and for 3-h vs. 2-h intervals. The regimen of 6 daily milkings at 2-h intervals did not increase milk yield and was related to an increase in the SCC compared with 3 daily milkings. In Exp. 3, the effects of the interval from foal removal to milking (3, 5, or 8 h) on yield, gross chemical composition, organoleptic characteristics of the milk, and udder health of the jennies were evaluated. The effects of milking time were also evaluated. Twenty jennies milked twice daily (2×) were subdivided into 4 groups (n = 5): 2 × 3H, with milkings at 1200 h and 1900 h and an interval of 3 h; 2 × 5H, milked at 1200 h and 1900 h with a 5-h interval; 2 × 8H(1), milked at 1200 h and 2200 h with an 8-h interval; and 2 × 8H(2), milked at 0700 h and 1900 h with an 8-h interval. Milk yield was greater by 28.4% when an 8-h interval was used compared with a 3-h interval and at the morning vs. the evening milking. The milk yield per milking was greatest at 0700 h, indicating the existence of a circadian rhythm in milk secretion processes. Intervals of 5 and 8 h caused significant decreases in the fat and lactose content and organoleptic characteristics of the milk, whereas an 8-h interval led to an increase in the SCC. In conclusion, a milking regimen of twice-daily milking at 0700 h and 1900 h with an 8-h interval provided the maximum yield per day. In terms of milk quality, a 3-h interval yielded the best results. 相似文献
13.
No differences in blood samples were found out when the biochemical parameters in arterial and venous blood of dairy cows were compared before and after milking. Negative correlation coefficient (r = -0.3460) approaching the significance level was determined by comparing the values for milk yield on the day of sampling (in ascending phase of lactation) and protein content in venous blood after milking, and significant negative correlation coefficient (r = -0.3813) for daily milk yield and gamma-globulin concentration in venous blood before milking. The relationship between butterfat content on the day of milking and the values of alkaline phosphatase can be characterized by significant up to highly significant negative correlation coefficients in all three blood samples (r = -0.3232 to -0.3908). 相似文献
14.
Recent studies in Japan of the effect of automatic milking systems (AMS) on the behavior of dairy cows have confirmed the labor-saving aspect of AMS, but have not solved some of the problems affecting milking traits. The influence of AMS on milking was examined in 39 Holstein cows at Iwate Agricultural Research Center from June 1998 to December 1999, by measuring and recording the yield per milking, milking finish time, milking frequency, and daily yield of milking. Four milking traits were analyzed separately as the objective variable in a linear model, with parity, days in milking, month after installation of the AMS as independent variables. Primiparous cows milked more frequently in the middle and late stage of lactation, yielded less per milking and less per day in the early stage of lactation than multiparous cows with the AMS. Lower frequencies were observed at noon and midnight for cleaning of the bulk tank. By contrast, higher milking frequency in the forenoon was shown. The yield per milking rose and declined, following a normal lactation curve. However, milking frequency rose slowly, and declined gradually in the late stage of lactation. After installing a one-way gate, the cows milked more frequently, with a lower yield per milking and a greater daily milk yield, than before installation. 相似文献
15.
A significantly lower alkaline phosphatase activity was recorded in the arterial blood of cows with higher milk efficiency. They also had higher sugar contents in their blood: highly significantly in arterial blood and significantly in venous blood after milking. As to the other blood components, the differences are low and insignificant. A significant positive relationship between the daily milk yield and the content of ash in blood (mainly in venous blood before milking), highly significant positive relationship between protein content in arterial blood and daily milk yield, and significant to highly significant negative relationship between the activity of alkaline phosphatase in arterial and venous blood before milking and the level of gamma-globulins in arterial blood were recorded in the group of cows with higher milk output. In the group of cows with lower milk production, significant to highly significant negative relationships were obtained between protein content in blood and the daily milk yield (in arterial and venous blood before milking). 相似文献
16.
Daniel Mageste de Almeida Marcos Inácio Marcondes Luciana Navajas Rennó Lívia Vieira de Barros Carla Heloísa Avelino Cabral Leandro Soares Martins David Esteban Contreras Marquez Felipe Vélez Saldarriaga Faider Alberto Castaño Villadiego Manuela Acevedo Cardozo Roman Maza Ortega Javier Enrique Garces Cardenas Virginia Lucia Neves Brandão Mário Fonseca Paulino 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(8):1771-1777
Beef cows’ milk yield is typically determined by measuring milk yield once daily and then doubling this value to estimate daily production. However, it is not known whether this is accurate. Thus, we aimed to determine the association between morning and afternoon milk yield in grazing Nellore cows. Eighty Nellore cows were used, with initial weight of 516.0?±?1.0 kg. The experiment was a completely randomized factorial scheme, with 20 replications and four treatments (i.e., +?or ??pre-partum supplementation in combination with +?or ??post-partum supplementation): PRMM—1 kg of supplement/cow/day for 90 days pre-partum; MMPS—1 kg of supplement/cow/day for 90 days post-partum; PRPS—1 kg of supplement/cow/day for 90 days pre-partum and 90 days post-partum; and MM—only mineral mix ad libitum during pre- and post-partum. Milk was sampled on days 45, 135, and 225 post-partum (early, middle, and late lactation, respectively). No effects were observed of pre- and post-partum supplementation on milk yield (P?>?0.05). The afternoon/morning proportion of 0.45 in the early third of lactation was higher than other stages, which had a proportion of 0.41 (P?<?0.05). Post-partum supplementation increased milk protein in the morning and afternoon milking (P?<?0.05). There was also no effect of pre- and post-partum supplementation on afternoon-morning proportion other milk components (P?>?0.05). We conclude that estimating daily milk production of grazing beef cattle by multiplying a once daily milking amount times two is not accurate. Under the conditions of this study, proportion of total daily production represented by the ratio of afternoon/morning milking was 0.45 in early lactation (first third) and 0.41 in mid- and late lactation. 相似文献
17.
选用5头（20-34月龄）无子宫和卵巢疾病的黑白花育成牛,研究用诱乳激素配合地塞米松和乳房按摩诱导泌乳的效果。试验牛每天每100kg体重注射0．5mL诱乳激素,连续注射8d,隔1d后每头每天再注射地塞米松磷酸钠20mg,连续注射3d,在注射激素药物期间每天按摩乳房三次,观察诱乳情况。结果5头育成牛全部诱乳成功,成功率100%。试验牛305d平均日产奶量8．32kg;同时对试验牛随后的繁殖和泌乳情况进行了跟踪观察,结果5头育成牛诱乳当年全部受胎并于次年产犊,泌乳期平均日产奶量11．86kg,产奶量比诱乳当年相对提高42．55％。 相似文献
18.
Linear models were developed and evaluated for the estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield of dairy sheep from single morning (am) or evening (pm) milking records. A total of 22,908 individual test-day milk records of 5110 ewes of the Chios breed, raised in 46 flocks, were used. Depending on the model, different daily milk yield estimates were derived for each ewe, accounting for lactation number, stage of lactation, season of previous lambing and interval between successive milkings. Daily milk yield was also estimated from doubling the single am or pm record. Actual and estimated yields were compared using root mean square errors (RMSEs), mean absolute differences, an accuracy parameter defined as the ratio of the actual yield variance over the sum of the variances of actual yield and absolute difference, and the product moment correlation between estimated and actual yield. Results were validated on independent datasets. Linear models resulted in less biased and more accurate estimates of the daily milk yield than simply doubling the am or pm record. Root mean square errors decreased by 7-37% and the mean absolute difference was reduced by 1-4% of the average daily yield. Higher accuracy and correlation were obtained from linear model application than doubling. Total lactation milk yield was predicted based on actual daily yield and compared to predictions based on estimated daily yield from am or pm records, as well as directly on single milking records. Root mean square errors obtained when daily yield had been estimated with linear models were 26-35% lower compared to doubling the am or pm yield and 0-13% lower compared to estimating the total lactation yield directly from single milking records. Linear model application also resulted in lower mean absolute difference and higher accuracy and correlation than doubling the am or pm record. Recording the yield of a single milking (am or pm) instead of both can benefit milk recording by reducing its cost and increasing farmer participation. In this context, linear models developed in the present study can be used for the accurate estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield from single milking records. 相似文献
19.
Exogenous hormone treatments designed to induce nonpregnant ewes to lactate at levels sufficient to rear orphan lambs were investigated in three breeds (Blackface, Dorset and Greyface) and in a total of 14 groups. The hormone treatments consisted of an induction phase lasting 1–6 weeks during which most ewes received daily subcutaneous injections of 75 mg of progesterone and 100 µg of oestradiol-17β and a trigger phase lasting 1 or 2 weeks during which 5 mg of oestradiol-17β and/or 10 mg of dexamethasone were given daily and the daily dose of progesterone was reduced to zero. From the end of the trigger phase for at least 2 weeks, milk production was determined three times daily by hand milking after prior intravenous injections of 5 IU of oxytocin. The linear dimensions of the udder were measured in each ewe at 5–6 day intervals throughout the induction and trigger phases. Udder sizes increased in response to hormone treatment in all cases, and the rate of increase was usually 1.75–11.3 times greater during the trigger phase than during the induction phase. Accumulation of milk in the udder during the trigger phase resulted in mean milk yields of 212–763 ml on the first day of milking, which were higher than the mean yields of 130–354 ml on the second day. Thereafter the mean daily milk yields increased progressively to reach 579–1301 ml after 14 days of milking. Group comparisons revealed the following: an induction phase of at least 4 weeks duration was required to ensure that all hormone-treated ewes produced 800 ml or more of milk/day by 14 days of milking; during the trigger phase, oestadiol-17β alone was a more effective lactogenic agent than dexamethasone alone, and dexamethasone apparently hindered the lactogenic actions of oestradiol-17β when both hormones were given together; extending the duration of the trigger phase from 1 to 2 weeks did not improve subsequent milk yields; and there were no significant breed differences in milk yield responses to similar hormone treatments. It is concluded that a 4–6 week induction phase followed by a l-week trigger phase using the progesterone and oestradiol-17β doses noted above but excluding dexamethasone would induce in most nonpregnant ewes lactation at levels sufficient to rear orphan lambs. Compared to the compositions of normal colostrum and milk, the milk from some of the present ewes had lower dry matter contents, fat concentrations and immunoglobulin-G concentrations and generally similar lactose concentrations. These differences were not considered to be sufficient to jeopardise the survival of lambs reared by such ewes. 相似文献
20.
Flores MJ Flores JA Elizundia JM Mejía A Delgadillo JA Hernández H 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(3):856-862
Two experiments were conducted to determine whether exposure to a photoperiod of artificial long days in autumn increased milk yield in subtropical goats milked once (Exp. I) or twice daily (Exp. II). In Exp. I, starting at d 10 of lactation, 1 group of does was kept under naturally decreasing photoperiod (DD1X; n = 8), whereas the other group was submitted to an artificial photoperiod of long days (LD1X; n = 8; 16 h light:8 h darkness). The kids were weaned 28 d after parturition, and dams were manually milked once daily. Milk yield and milk components (fat, protein, and lactose) were assessed up to 140 d of lactation. From d 0 to 28 of lactation (suckling phase), mean daily milk yield did not differ between DD1X and LD1X goats (2.3 ± 0.2 kg vs. 2.4 ± 0.2 kg; P = 0.717). However, between d 29 and 84 (early milking phase), mean daily milk yield was greater in LD1X does than in DD1X does (2.6 ± 0.1 kg vs. 2.1 ± 0.1 kg; P = 0.001). Finally, between d 85 and 140 (late milking phase), mean daily milk yield was greater in LD1X goats than in DD1X goats (P ≤ 0.05) only during the first 2 wk. In Exp. II, one group of goats was exposed to a photoperiod of naturally decreasing days (DD2X; n = 8) and another group was submitted to an artificial photoperiod of long days (LD2X; n = 7). In both groups, kids were weaned on d 28 of lactation and the dams were manually milked twice daily. During the nursing phase, mean daily milk yield did not differ between the DD2X and LD2X groups (2.5 ± 0.3 kg vs. 2.6 ± 0.2 kg; P = 0.767). In the early milking phase, mean daily milk yield was greater in LD2X than in DD2X goats (3.3 ± 0.2 kg vs. 2.8 ± 0.2 kg; P = 0.022), whereas during the late milking phase, milk yield did not differ between the 2 groups (P = 0.946). In both experiments, milk composition was not significantly influenced by exposure to long-day photoperiod. We conclude that, in subtropical female goats that start lactation in late autumn, exposure to an artificial long-day photoperiod stimulates milk yield, even if goats are milked once daily. In addition, combining exposure to long days with twice-daily milking will increase further milk yield in such goats without affecting milk components. 相似文献