共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 843 毫秒
1.
测定了不同盐度(20、25、30、35、40)和不同溶氧水平(充空气,DO 7~9mg/L)充纯氧,DO15~20mg/L;不充气,DO 2~5mg/L)对刺参体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LZM)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化的影响。盐度试验结果表明,盐度急性变化会引起刺参体腔液ACP、AKP、LZM活性的升高和SOD活性降低,其中第10天时盐度对酶活性的影响最大。溶氧试验显示,过饱和溶氧(DO 15~20mg/L)可使刺参体腔液ACP、AKP、LZM、SOD活性维持在较高水平,不充气组(DO 2~5mg/L)刺参体腔液中ACP、AKP、LZM活性出现短暂升高。恢复性试验中,盐度20、25组对AKP活性和盐度20、40组对SOD活性的影响未恢复到初始水平,其余实验组均能恢复至初始水平,说明低盐对刺参免疫力的影响较大。充纯氧组刺参的AKP活性显著高于充空气组,表明高溶解氧水平在一定程度上提高了刺参免疫力。 相似文献
2.
Jie Bao Xiaodong Li Yuenan Xing Chengcheng Feng Hongbo Jiang 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(7):2735-2744
In aquaculture, hypoxia is an important stressor that can inhibit the healthy development of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. The aim of this work was to research on how hypoxia (1 mg/L) followed by reoxygenation affects the immune response and carbohydrate metabolism in the Chinese mitten crab. The activities of immune‐related enzymes including lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenoloxidase (PO) and concentration changes in haemolymph glucose, trehalose and hepatic glycogen were evaluated after 8 hr of hypoxia followed by 12 hr of reoxygenation. After 8 hr of hypoxia, the activities of LZM, PO, SOD and hepatic glycogen concentration significantly decreased to the minimum when compared to the control group, but the activities of ACP and AKP, and haemolymph glucose concentration significantly increased. After 12 hr of reoxygenation, the activities of LZM, ACP, AKP and SOD recovered to the normal level except SOD in plasma, while the PO, SOD in plasma and hepatic glycogen concentration were still significantly lower than the control level. No significant change was observed in trehalose concentration during hypoxia and reoxygenation periods. These results indicated that although the activities of ACP and AKP were likely increased to facilitate the hydrolysis of foreign matter, the overall strength of the immune response was decreased as LZM, PO and SOD activities were suppressed after exposure to hypoxic conditions. The energy stores of exposed crabs were reduced due to the expenditure of energy during exposure to hypoxic stress. In general, chronic hypoxia would impair the immunocompetence and increase the energy expenditure of Chinese mitten crab, further increased the risk of pathogen infection and feed coefficient, so the negative effects of hypoxia should not be ignored. 相似文献
3.
本研究通过测定盐度为14~40条件下,刺参"参优1号"苗种的生长、存活、呼吸代谢及非特异性免疫酶活性差异,确定其适宜和最适盐度条件及其盐度适应机制。结果显示,盐度为23~40时,30 d苗种的存活率(SR)均为100%;盐度在16以下时,苗种全部死亡。盐度为23~40时,苗种的特定生长率(SGR)为正值;盐度为29~37时,SGR较高,为0.9932%/d,盐度为20以下时,SGR降为负值。耗氧率(R_O)和排氨率(R_N)随盐度的变化呈现出以32为波谷"M"型变化,盐度为32条件下的R_O和R_N分别为0.0130和0.00138 mg/(g·h)。不同盐度组刺参的O:N值均为8左右,O:N值随盐度升高无显著差异。盐度的升高和降低会引起刺参体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LZM)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05),在苗种适应盐度胁迫过程中,各盐度组SOD活性的峰值一般在0 d出现,而ACP、AKP活性在第10天出现峰值,LZM活性的峰值在10~20 d。研究表明,刺参"参优1号"适宜的生长盐度为23~40,最适盐度范围为29~37,盐度变化会导致苗种呼吸代谢和免疫酶活性的变化,研究结果将为刺参"参优1号"苗种的推广提供科学依据。 相似文献
4.
向对虾配合饲料中添加不同剂量的诺氟沙星投喂中国对虾7d,分析不同时间诺氟沙星对中国对虾肌肉及鳃溶菌酶(LSZ)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性的影响.结果表明,15mg/kg诺氟沙星可以显著抑制中国对虾肌肉SOD活力(P＜0.05),而对鳃SOD活力则整体呈现促进作用,该浓度组肌肉和鳃CAT及LSZ活力整体高于对照组,而AKP和ACP活力则显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);30 mg/kg诺氟沙星对中国对虾肌肉SOD活力呈现先抑制后促进的作用,而对鳃SOD活力则整体呈现抑制作用,该组肌肉和鳃CAT活力显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),肌肉LSZ活力呈现先下降后上升的趋势,而鳃LSZ活力则与对照组没有显著差异;向饲料中添加60 mg/kg诺氟沙星对中国对虾肌肉、鳃SOD、CAT、LSZ活力整体呈现促进作用,而对AKP和ACP活性则呈现显著抑制作用(P＜0.05). 相似文献
5.
盐度变化对军曹鱼稚鱼相关免疫因子及其生长的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究了盐度(5、10、20、30及对照37)对军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)稚鱼生长及其血清溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、旁路途径补体(ACP)溶血活性(ACH50)和总免疫球蛋白(T-Ig)含量等免疫因子的影响。实验周期为14 d。结果表明,在逐渐达到设定盐度后养殖14 d,盐度30组稚鱼特定生长率(SGR)最高(5.77%/d),而盐度5和10组的SGR(分别为4.24%/d和4.38%/d)显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。在低盐度环境中血清溶菌酶活性在第7天各组都有不同程度升高,其中以盐度20组升高最为显著,其次为盐度10和30组,但第14天各组溶菌酶活性又都回落至对照组水平;而稚鱼在低盐度环境中血清ALP活性受到明显抑制,且活性与盐度呈一定正相关;各组间ACP活性在第7天各盐度组间无明显差异,但实验结束时盐度5和10两组出现显著升高;而T-Ig含量在盐度10组中始终明显高于其他组。研究显示,军曹鱼稚鱼在盐度20~37范围内都可正常生长,尽管稚鱼有较强的低盐度耐受能力,但过低盐度明显影响其生长率并导致体色变黑、蛀鳍和应激增强等异常表现。此外,盐度变化还影响稚鱼多种免疫相关因子。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):120-125] 相似文献
6.
高盐对凡纳滨对虾仔虾生长、渗透调节及免疫相关酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨高盐条件下凡纳滨对虾仔虾的耐盐性和免疫响应,进行了为期30 d的生长实验。实验设置4个盐度梯度(40、50、60、65),以盐度30为对照,称量实验起始和结束时仔虾的体质量,计算平均日增重,实验结束时检测体内总ATPase、Na~+-K~+-ATPase、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和溶菌酶(LZM)、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果显示,高盐能显著抑制凡纳滨对虾仔虾的日增重,盐度40、50、60、65平均日增重分别为对照组的84.53%、60.99%、46.19%、27.71%;存活率随盐度升高而显著降低。随着盐度的升高,仔虾体内Na~+-K~+-ATPase活性缓慢升高,盐度60后趋于稳定。总ATPase活性表现出先小幅下降后稳定的趋势,最终维持在1.4 U/mg prot左右。T-SOD和CAT活性随盐度升高均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,盐度50时达到峰值;ACP和AKP活性随盐度升高呈上升趋势,不同盐度间差异显著。此外,盐度显著影响凡纳滨对虾仔虾的MDA含量,对LZM含量无显著影响。研究表明,盐度越高,仔虾生长越缓慢,用于渗透调节的能量增加。在一定的盐度范围内,高盐能激发仔虾机体部分非特异性免疫酶活性以适应高盐胁迫。 相似文献
7.
盐度对点篮子鱼的存活、生长及抗氧化防御系统的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
在容积为500 L的圆锥形塑料缸中分别用对照(自然海水)、配制的盐度为20、10、5的海水和淡水(地下水)养殖点篮子鱼［(67.76?26.12) g］,研究了不同盐度对点篮子鱼存活、生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示,淡水组第9天出现死亡,至第27天时死亡率达100%,其余各组未出现异常,死亡率为0%。各盐度组鱼的特定生长率未表现出显著性差异,但盐度10组鱼体重显著高于盐度20和盐度5组,与对照组无显著性差异;盐度5组全长显著低于其余各盐度组。驯化40 d后,对各组鱼鳃、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基活性检测结果显示,除盐度5组外,盐度10、20组点篮子鱼鳃、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉中SOD、CAT、抗超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基活性在驯化40 d后均恢复到对照组水平,组间无显著性差异;盐度5组中鱼鳃的SOD和抗超氧阴离子自由基活性显著高于盐度10和盐度20组,肝脏、肌肉和肾脏中SOD、CAT、抗超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基活性均恢复到对照组水平。点篮子鱼不同组织中SOD和CAT酶活力在不同盐度下均以肝脏中最高,肾脏和鳃次之,肌肉中最低;抗超氧阴离子自由基活力以肝脏中最高,极显著高于其余各组织中抗超氧阴离子自由基活力(P<0.01),肌肉次之,肾脏和鳃最低;羟自由基活力以肾脏中最高,显著高于其余各组织中羟自由基活力(P<0.05);鳃次之,肝脏和肌肉中最低,结果表明盐度能影响抗氧化酶活力大小,但并未影响鱼体内酶的分布。 相似文献
8.
实验室条件下测定了在盐度0、5、8、11、13、16下胁迫20d,澳洲宝石鲈（Scortum barcoo）幼鱼内脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）及酸性磷酸酶（ACP）共3个免疫相关因子的活力变化。结果表明,盐度胁迫对澳洲宝石鲈3个免疫因子均有一定的影响,在不同盐度的胁迫下,随着盐度的升高,其SOD活性先下降、再升高;碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性在低盐度胁迫下有短暂升高的过程,然后随着盐度的升高,其活性又明显下降;而酸性磷酸酶（ACP）则是随盐度的升高逐渐增大。试验结果说明低盐度胁迫能引起宝石鲈的应激反应,适当提高其免疫力,而大幅度升高盐度可显著影响其免疫力。 相似文献
9.
采用静水法研究氨氮对拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)的急性毒性及在氨氮初始浓度分别为0(C0,对照组)、10(C10组)、20(C20组)、30(C30组)、40(C40组)、50 mg/L(C50组),胁迫时间分别为0、6、24、48、72 h的条件下对其血清中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、溶菌酶(LZM)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酚氧化酶(PO)活力的影响。结果显示,总氨氮对拟穴青蟹24 h和48 h的半致死浓度分别为104.793、66.124 mg/L,安全浓度为7.90 mg/L,非离子氨对拟穴青蟹24 h和48 h的半致死浓度分别为8.396、5.298 mg/L,安全浓度为0.63 mg/L。在胁迫6、24、48与72 h时,各实验组的LZM活力均显著低于对照组(P0.01)。相较于对照组,C10、C20及C40组在24 h的AKP、ACP活力均显著升高(P0.05)。C20组在24 h的SOD活力则显著低于其他胁迫时间点(P0.05)。胁迫72 h时,C30、C40及C50组的PO活力显著高于对照组(P0.05)。该实验条件下,不高于40 mg/L的氨氮可在24 h内使拟穴青蟹血清中的AKP与ACP活力显著升高,而50 mg/L的氨氮则对其具有抑制作用;各实验组浓度氨氮均在72 h内对拟穴青蟹血清中的LZM活力具有显著的抑制作用,对PO活力具有明显的刺激作用,对SOD活力无显著影响。 相似文献
10.
Abstract – Fragmented populations of freshwater fish may develop genotypic and phenotypic differences as adaptations to local habitat conditions. These differences contribute significantly to biological diversity and may lead to speciation. In the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia, the Murray hardyhead Craterocephalus fluviatilis, listed as ‘endangered’ by the World Conservation Union, has a wide but fragmented distribution that is apparently related to salinity. To determine whether this pattern has a physiological basis, we compared osmoregulation in fish from two isolated populations in different salinity regimes (Wyndgate: 0.4–1.5‰; Disher Creek: c. 1.0–45‰). In laboratory trials, fish from both populations remained healthy at high salinities (5–65‰). The Disher Creek population maintained a significantly lower blood osmotic concentration than the Wyndgate population at salinities ≤1‰, suggesting that there is a physiological difference between them. The findings have implications for the conservation of C. fluviatilis and other fish populations whose distributions are fragmented by salinity. 相似文献
11.
为了探讨急性高盐胁迫对黄边糙鸟蛤(Trachycardium flavum)生理代谢和免疫酶活性的影响,分析了盐度自31骤升至37后2、12、24、48和72 h黄边糙乌蛤耗氧率、排氨率和不同组织Na+/K+-ATP酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的活性.结果显示,处理后2h耗氧率先降低,然后逐渐升高,在24和72 h显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);排氨率在2h极显著降低(P＜0.01),且在各时间点均低于对照组.外套膜、肝胰腺中Na+/K+-ATP酶活力在12 h显著降低(P＜0.05),肌肉和鳃中活力与对照组无显著差异.外套膜、肝胰腺和鳃中SOD活力在24 h达到最高值,显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),其后逐渐降低;肌肉中SOD活力在48 h达到最高值后降低.外套膜和鳃中ACP活力先升高后降低,肝胰腺中ACP活力显著降低(P＜0.05)后逐渐升高,肌肉中ACP活力与对照组无显著差异.肝胰腺和鳃中ALP活力先降低后显著升高(P＜0.05),与对照组相比,外套膜和肌肉中ALP活力无显著差异.结果表明,急性高盐胁迫对黄边糙鸟蛤的代谢水平和免疫酶活性均有显著影响且表现出时间效应性,高盐胁迫对免疫酶活性的影响具有组织特异性. 相似文献
12.
The effect of ambient salinity on the haemolymph variables of Fenneropenaeus indicus and its susceptibility to Vibrio harveyi infection under salinity stress has been studied. Adult shrimps were acclimated to 5‰ (hypo osmotic), 25‰ (iso osmotic) and 35‰ (hyper osmotic) salinity levels and the animals were injected with a mid logarithmic culture of V. harveyi at sub lethal level and haemolymph parameters were analysed. Haemolymph proteins, intracellular superoxide anion production, phenoloxidase (PO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity were found to be at elevated level both at 5‰ and 35‰ post challenge. The haematological responses showed a progressive increase (P < 0.05) up to post challenge day 5 (PCD 5) followed by a considerable decline at all salinities with the lowest being at 35‰. The alterations in the variables were higher in shrimps held at 5‰. However, the V. harveyi infection was severe in animals held at 35‰. The reduction in the parameters could be correlated with the decrease in survival rate of shrimps at 35‰ with a concurrent increase in V. harveyi at this salinity. Multiple regression analysis revealed that ACP (P < 0.001), haemocyte protein HCP (P < 0.001) and PO (P < 0.05) could explain 91% variability in the shrimp survival. These parameters may be used as effective shrimp health indicators. It is evident from the study that ambient salinity alters the haemolymph variables, modulates the virulence in V. harveyi and makes the shrimps more vulnerable to infection at higher salinity. The virulence of V. harveyi is increased at 35‰ salinity as being evidenced from the high mortality at this salinity. The study emphasizes the importance of salinity as an important environmental factor both in terms of host susceptibility and virulence of the pathogen. 相似文献
13.
盐度胁迫对尼罗罗非鱼免疫相关指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探究盐度胁迫对尼罗罗非鱼免疫的影响,对体质量(35.0±5.0) g的尼罗罗非鱼进行了急性和慢性的盐度胁迫实验,对免疫相关指标进行了检测和分析。在急性盐度胁迫中,设置0、5和15盐度组,分别在胁迫后6、12、24、48和96 h进行取样,检测血清SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和AKP的活性。在慢性实验中,设置0、10、20和30盐度组,胁迫8周后检测血清SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和AKP活性,并进行了无乳链球菌易感性实验。结果显示：①血清中SOD活性在急性盐度胁迫6、12和24 h时都有随盐度上升而上升的趋势,但在96 h时盐度15组酶活性显著低于盐度5组;在慢性盐度胁迫下,各组的酶活性呈现出随着盐度升高而显著性下降的趋势。②血清CAT活性在急性盐度胁迫下12和24 h时呈现出随着盐度升高而显著下降的趋势;在慢性胁迫下不存在显著性差异。③血清中GSH-Px活性在急性和慢性胁迫后,均呈现随着盐度升高而降低的趋势。④血清AKP活性在胁迫后6 h随盐度升高呈现出显著下降趋势;在慢性盐度胁迫下,盐度20组显著低于其他实验组。⑤尼罗罗非鱼对无乳链球菌易感性实验中,盐度10组的易感性和盐度0组之间无显著差异,盐度20和30组的易感性高于盐度0组。研究表明,两种盐度胁迫均会引起免疫相关指标的变化,急性盐度胁迫实验表明,盐度5和15可导致尼罗罗非鱼机体氧化损伤,但尼罗罗非鱼可以逐渐适应这一变化;慢性盐度胁迫实验表明,盐度高于20会抑制尼罗罗非鱼多种免疫指标活性,造成其对无乳链球菌的易感性升高。 相似文献
14.
15.
对异育银鲫连续7 d分别投喂添加壳聚糖硫酸酯0.1%、0.2%和0.4%的配合饲料,然后用嗜水气单胞菌进行攻毒,以检测壳聚糖硫酸酯对病原菌的抗感染能力。实验结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组呈现出不同程度的免疫保护作用,其中以壳聚糖硫酸酯添加量为0.2%试验组的免疫保护效果最明显,异育银鲫的成活率达到46.67%;添加量为0.1%和0.4%试验组的成活率分别为23.33%和30.0%,而攻毒对照组100%死亡。然后将添加0.2%壳聚糖硫酸酯的饲料用同样的方式投喂异育银鲫,检测其血清和肝组织中的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LSZ)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并分析肝组织中各酶的基因表达量。结果显示,异育银鲫血清和肝组织中的ACP、AKP、LSZ和SOD活性均得到显著提高,且四种酶的活性均呈现随时间延长而先升高后降低的趋势,并于第三天达到峰值,血清和肝组织中ACP活性比对照组分别提高了54.62%和26.58%、AKP提高了37.61%和25.88%、LSZ提高了13.42%和35.43%、SOD提高了18.59%和54.62%;试验组异育银鲫肝组织中ACP、AKP和LSZ的mRNA表达量均得到显著提高,并随时间推移呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,于72 h到达峰值,而SOD的mRNA表达量与对照组相比没有显著变化。综合以上结果,壳聚糖硫酸酯能够显著提高异育银鲫非特异性免疫水平,增强抗嗜水气单胞菌的能力,表明壳聚糖硫酸酯可作为免疫增强剂用于鱼类疾病的预防与治疗。 相似文献
16.
Salinity regulates antioxidant enzyme and Na+K+‐ATPase activities of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Zhenhua Ma Panlong Zheng Huayang Guo Shigui Jiang Jian G Qin Dianchang Zhang Xilei Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(5):1481-1487
Effects of salinity on the growth, survival, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and sodium‐potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+K+‐ATPase) activities of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus were studied under a laboratory condition. Experimental fish were reared at the salinities of 10‰, 18‰, 26‰ and 34‰ for 30 days. Growth and survival of juvenile golden pompano were significantly affected by the rearing salinity. Fish reared at 34‰ achieved the highest specific growth rate, while the highest survival was obtained when fish were cultured at the salinity of 26‰. The highest GPX activity was obtained when fish were cultured at 26‰, and the lowest GPX activity was observed when fish reared at 34‰ salinity. The SOD activities of fish reared at 18‰ and 34‰ were significantly higher than those reared at 10‰ and 26‰. The lowest of Na+K+‐ATPase activity was obtained in fish reared at 34‰, while the highest Na+K+‐ATPase activity was obtained when fish reared at 18‰. Results from present study indicate that juvenile golden pompano can be reared above 18‰ without sacrificing fish survival, and the best growth can be achieved when fish is reared at the salinity of 34‰. The salinity of 10‰ may be too low for juvenile golden pompano as the growth, survival and SOD activity were reduced. 相似文献
17.
三疣梭子蟹血淋巴免疫功能的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用API ZYM试剂盒和酶活力测试盒检测了三疣梭子蟹血细胞及血清中的19种酶类及血清中溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性。试验结果表明,在雄蟹血清和血细胞中均检测到19种酶,在雌蟹血清和血细胞中分别检测到18种和16种。碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性很低。在此基础上,研究了三疣梭子蟹血清和血细胞溶解物(HLS)对溶藻弧菌的抗菌活力,结果显示血清样品对溶藻弧菌的抗菌活力较强,但其体外作用的持续时间较短;而血细胞溶菌酶对溶藻弧菌的抗菌活力较弱。 相似文献
18.
盐度对三疣梭子蟹成熟前后呼吸代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了探讨三疣梭子蟹对不同盐度水平的生理响应以及成熟前后的生理变化,实验采用水化学和酶学方法,研究了盐度(15、20、25、30和35)对成熟前后三疣梭子蟹耗氧率、排氨率、氧氮比(O∶N)以及己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)4种呼吸代谢酶活力的影响。结果发现:1.盐度与规格的交互作用对三疣梭子蟹呼吸代谢无显著影响(P>0.05);2.盐度对三疣梭子蟹耗氧率的影响不显著(P>0.05),但显著影响其排氨率(P<0.05);成熟前后的三疣梭子蟹耗氧率和排氨率差异显著(P<0.05);3.盐度对三疣梭子蟹O∶N未产生显著影响(P>0.05),三疣梭子蟹成熟前O∶N显著高于成熟后(P<0.05);4.除LDH外,盐度对三疣梭子蟹呼吸代谢酶活力影响不显著(P>0.05);除鳃中SDH和LDH外,三疣梭子蟹呼吸代谢酶活力随生长发育发生显著变化(P<0.05)。研究表明,规格对三疣梭子蟹呼吸代谢的影响高于盐度,长时间盐度驯化可能减弱甚至消除三疣梭子蟹在不同盐度水平下代谢的差异。 相似文献
19.
温度、盐度对似刺鳊鮈胚胎发育过程的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
设置10℃、15℃、20℃、24℃、27℃、30℃6个温度组和0‰、2.5‰、5‰、10‰、15‰、太湖湖水组6个盐度组,探讨了温度和盐度对似刺鳊鮈(Paracanthobrama guichenoti)胚胎发育的影响。温度实验结果表明:似刺鳊鮈胚胎发育的起始温度(生物学零度)为9.5℃,适宜的发育水温为20～24℃。水温10℃时胚胎卵裂异常,未能进入原肠期;水温升至30℃时胚胎在发育至原肠期前后死亡。水温度为24℃时孵化时间仅为73.5 h,孵化率高达80%,畸形率为0,为最适孵化水温;水温对胚胎发育速率的影响后期较前期大。盐度实验表明:似刺鳊鮈胚胎对盐度有一定的耐受力,各盐度梯度下的胚胎发育速率差异不大,但孵化率的差异极显著。在水温18℃、盐度为2.5‰的水体中胚胎的孵化率为81.67%,高于太湖湖水组的孵化率,此盐度应为似刺鳊鮈胚胎发育较适盐度。 相似文献
20.
The effects of exposure to water of different salinities and calcium concentrations, and to various backgrounds and illuminations on somatolactin (SL) levels in juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) were investigated using a recently developed red drum SL radioimmunoassay. Plasma SL concentrations were also monitored in wild-caught Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) during gonadal recrudescence. No correlations were obtained between plasma SL concentrations and different salinities, external calcium concentrations or reproductive condition in these sciaenid fishes. Plasma SL concentrations remained low (<1 ng ml-1) in red drum 1h, 1 day and 1 week after exposure to full strength seawater (salinity 37%, calcium 1290 ppm), half strength seawater (salinity 18%, calcium 744 ppm), fresh water (salinity 1%, calcium 260 ppm) or soft water (salinity 0%, calcium 0 ppm). Circulating levels of SL did not change significantly in wild-caught croaker at the onset of vitellogenesis. However, by the end of ovarian recrudescence (late-yolk globule stage), plasma SL levels were significantly lower than those observed in females with immature (perinucleolar) oocytes. In contrast, plasma SL levels showed marked differences in red drum exposed to various backgrounds and illuminations. Plasma SL was lower in red drum kept in a light background (<1 ng ml-1) than in those kept in a black background or in the dark (1.4-6.9 ng ml-1). The highest plasma SL concentration (4–30 ng ml-1) was obtained in red drum kept in a black background without illumination. These results suggest that SL is involved in the adaptation of the red drum to various backgrounds and illumination levels. SL may not have an important role during the reproductive cycle and adaptation to water of different salinities and calcium concentrations in sciaenid fishes. 相似文献