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1.
Two introduced abalone species are currently produced in Chile, red abalone Haliotis rufescens and Japanese abalone Haliotis discus hannai. However, red abalone accounts for 99% of total production, while the Japanese abalone has not adapted well to Chilean coastal waters. This study reports the hatching, growth and thermal tolerance performance in interspecific hybrids produced between red (R) and Japanese (J) abalone. Our results show that egg age and sperm concentration were critical factors to produce hybrids. The cross R♀ × J♂ showed a fertilization rate of 55.3 ± 3.5% using 20‐min‐old eggs and sperm concentrations of 14 × 106 cells mL?1, while the reciprocal cross (J♀ × R♂) was not successful. Further, larval development stages were similar in RR, JJ and RJ hybrid abalones. Among the experimental trials, settlement rate varied from 12.3% to 18.6% and final survival from 20.1% to 31.7%, being the RJ hybrid rates intermediate between parental species. The final shell lengths were similar between RR and RJ hybrids, but significantly higher in JJ abalones. In addition, thermal tolerance was ascertained due its pivotal role for the abalone physiology. Thus, RJ hybrids showed the highest HSP70 gene expression and offers new possibilities to expand Chilean abalone production in warm waters zones.  相似文献   

2.
The Xishi abalone (Haliotis gigantea) is an economically significant aquaculture species in southern China. We identified a novel orange‐muscle mutation present in less than 2% of the cultured population. High‐performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry identified zeaxanthin and β‐carotene as the two main pigments present in the orange‐muscle abalone. The concentrations of zeaxanthin and β‐carotene detected in the orange‐muscle abalones were significantly higher than those detected in the common abalones (p < 0.01). Notably, the concentration of zeaxanthin was approximately 16.5 times higher in orange‐muscle abalones than in common abalones, which was also the species with highest carotenoid content reported in shellfish to date. Furthermore, the contents of total amino acids and essential amino acids in the orange‐muscle abalone were higher than that in the common abalone, though not significantly, while the content of non‐essential amino acids was significantly higher in the orange‐muscle abalone than that in the common abalone (p < 0.05). The saturated fatty acid content in the orange‐muscle abalones was slightly lower than that in the common abalones, and the unsaturated fatty acid content was higher in the orange‐muscle abalones than that in the common abalones. These results could provide a basis for characterizing the mechanism by which carotenoids accumulate in abalones and further guide the breeding of abalone with orange‐muscle mutants in the future.  相似文献   

3.
The effects of aquarium background colour and feed colour on survival, growth rates and feed utilization efficiency of thinlip mullet (Liza ramada) larvae (0.035 g) were investigated in two experiments. In the aquarium background colour trial, 50 larvae were stocked in duplicates in 120 L glass aquaria filled with dechlorinated tap water. The outside walls and bottoms of each pair of the aquaria were covered with coloured paper sheets to achieve one of six colours (white, black, red, green, yellow and blue), while noncoloured aquaria served as a control. The fish were fed an experimental diet (35% crude protein) at a daily rate of 5% of their body weight (BW), twice a day for 8 weeks. The best growth rates, feed efficiency and survival were achieved in larvae reared in light‐coloured aquaria (white, noncoloured and yellow). Fish performance was significantly retarded in larvae reared in dark‐coloured aquaria (red, green, black and blue). Body composition was not significantly affected by aquarium colour. In a feed colour trial, duplicate groups of larvae (0.035 g) were stocked at 50 fish per 120 L aquarium and fed a test diet (35% crude protein) with six different colours [dark blue, red, yellow, light brown (control), light green and dark brown] at a daily rate of 5% BW, twice a day for 8 weeks. The best performance and survival were achieved in fish fed on dark‐coloured diets (red, dark blue and dark brown). Light‐coloured diets (yellow, light green and light brown) resulted in inferior performance. Body composition was not significantly affected by feed colour. These results suggest that light‐coloured tanks should be used for rearing thinlip mullet, L. ramada larvae, while dark‐coloured diets are more preferable to light‐coloured diets.  相似文献   

4.
鲍鱼冷风干燥和自然晾晒试验的比较分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
研究皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)在冷风干燥和自然晾晒两种干燥方式下的干燥速率、色泽、酸性粘多糖和总糖含量,以及微观结构变化的差异,并进行分析比较。在实验室内采用冷风干燥试验机和自然晾晒方式进行鲍鱼干燥试验。结果显示:当鲍鱼样品干基含水率从238%下降到16%以下时,冷风干燥所需时间约为122 h,是自然晾晒的70%;至干燥完成时冷风干燥鲍鱼多糖含量高于自然晾晒样品;冷风干燥样品通透性明显优于晾晒样品;两种干燥样品的微观结构差异性不明显。综合分析得出,与自然晾晒相比,冷风干燥方式具有干燥时间短,干燥过程易于控制,品质和卫生条件好,适合工业化生产等优点,是一种较佳的鲍鱼干制方法。  相似文献   

5.
Light is a key environmental factor that influences the growth, culture and survival of aquatic organisms. This study examined the effects of different light qualities (red, orange, white, blue and green light) and intensities (5 μmol m?2 s?1, 15 μmol m?2 s?1 and 40 μmol m?2 s?1) on the hatching and metamorphosis of larva of Haliotis discus hannai Ino and the growth and survival of juveniles. It was found that under blue and green light, the hatching success rate and metamorphosis of larva were significantly higher than those for any other light quality (P < 0.05), and there was a decreasing trend with an increase in light intensity. Under red and orange light, the abnormality rate of trochophores in each light intensity treatment and the time required for the metamorphosis of larva were significantly higher than those for any other light group (P < 0.05). Both the abnormality and metamorphosis rates significantly increased with light intensity. Under white light, at an intensity of 40 μmol m?2 s?1, the settlement and size of larva at metamorphosis were significantly smaller than those for any other light intensity (P < 0.05). Under red and orange light, the SGR of juvenile abalone in each light intensity treatment was significantly lower than that in any other light group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was identified (P > 0.05). Therefore, selecting blue and green light and controlling the light intensity to 5–15 μmol m?2 s?1 during fingerling reproduction of abalone should increase the hatching success rate of larva and the yield per water body.  相似文献   

6.
为研究船闸过鱼技术,利用自制的葛州坝船闸模型装置研究了鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)对红、白、蓝、绿、黄5种光色和光强的选择性。鳙在红、蓝、绿、黄、白色光5个区域中出现的次数比例分别是(68.01±7.09)%、(3.24±2.04)%、(5.70±4.28)%、(7.76±2.19)%和(15.30±2.83)%,鳙表现出偏好红色光。在红色光区域,鳙出现次数比例随时间先减小后增大,在第60 min时出现最小值(46.17%),整个试验过程变化显著,变化值28.16%;在白色光区域,鳙出现次数比先增大后减小,最大值达28.83%,变化值16.83%;黄、绿色光2个区域鳙出现次数比随时间无明显变化,变化值4.66%;蓝色光区域鳙出现次数比呈上下波动趋势,但总体平稳,变化值为11.35%。鳙对绿色光、黄色光表现出明显的负趋光性,对红色光表现出正趋光性。鳙平均出现次数比与时间的关系:红色光下,在强光区随时间呈下降趋势,在暗区变化趋势与强光区相反;绿色光下,只有暗区总体呈下降趋势但变化不显著,其他区域基本不变;蓝色光下,在所有区域均表现出上下波动、整体平稳的变化趋势;黄色光下,在暗区先增大后减小,亮区和强光区均呈先减小后增大趋势;白色光下,在暗区先减小后增大,而强光区先增大后减小,亮区无显著变化。  相似文献   

7.
In this study, the physiological response and growth performances of Acipenser ruthenus were investigated after a long‐term background colour adaptation (12 weeks). Twelve groups of 10 individuals with initial mean body weight of 183 g were reared in black, dark blue, grey and white tanks (three replicates for each colour). At the end of the experiments, growth (initial body weight, final body weight, weight gain per cent, food efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate), blood (cortisol, glucose, pO2, pCO2, pH, haematocrit, osmolality, triglycerides, cholesterol, total lipids) and liver (hepatosomatic index, total lipids, glycogen) parameters were analyzed. Plasma cortisol in the dark‐adapted sterlet (21.95 ± 3.9 ng mL?1) was significantly lower than those in white‐adapted fish (39.44 ± 6.5 ng mL?1), whereas there were no significant differences in cortisol levels between the grey‐adapted fish (23.05 ± 4.1 ng mL?1) and dark blue‐adapted fish (24.2 ± 3.6 ng mL?1). A remarkable increase in mean of body weight (%) was detected in dark‐adapted sterlet (45.2 ± 3.2) being 27.67%, 12.1% and 11.8% higher than the white, grey and dark blue‐adapted fish respectively. The obtained results verified that different background colours lead to different growth performances and physiological responses of starlet, depending on rearing conditions.  相似文献   

8.
Used as a traditional Chinese medicine, the high mortality rate and slow growth of Whitmania pigra larvae are the most serious bottlenecks for the scale development of artificial breeding. Firstly, five light colour treatments (white, blue, green, red and yellow) were tested to determine effects of light spectrum on the growth of larval W. pigra at the same intensity of 70.00 μmol m?2 s?1. The experiment lasted for 45 days. Under our experimental conditions, the weight gain (WG) and the specific growth rate (SGR) under blue light condition were significantly higher compared with the other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). It is reasonable to conclude that blue light can promote the leech growth. In addition, reared at five blue light intensity treatments (20.00 ± 3.84, 40.78 ± 4.18, 53.67 ± 5.98, 70.00 ± 7.26 and 87.33 ± 5.77 μmol m?2 s?1), the WG and SGR increased with increasing intensity. Meanwhile, they were significantly higher in the 70.00 and 87.33 μmol m?2 s?1 treatments (P ≤ 0.05). In the higher intensity light treatments, the digestive enzymes were higher and antioxidant enzymes were lower. These results suggest that the optimal light spectrum for the culture of W. pigra during the early life stage was blue and the optimal light intensity was higher light intensity (70.00–87.33 μmol m?2 s?1).  相似文献   

9.
To study the absorption characteristics of rhodopsin, a dim-light photoreceptor, in chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and the relationship between light wavelengths on the photoresponse, the rod opsin gene was cloned into an expression vector, pMT4. Recombinant opsin was transiently expressed in COS-1 cells and reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal. Cells containing the regenerated rhodopsin were solubilized and subjected to UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis in the dark and upon illumination. Difference spectra from the lysates indicated an absorption maximum of mackerel rhodopsin around 500 nm. Four types of light-emitting diode (LED) modules with different wavelengths (red, peak 627 nm; cyan, 505 nm; blue, 442 nm; white, 447 + 560 nm) were constructed to examine their effects on the photoresponse in chub mackerel. Behavioral responses of the mackerels, including speed and frequencies acclimated in the dark and upon LED illumination, were analyzed using an underwater acoustic camera. Compared to an average speed of 22.25 ± 1.57 cm/s of mackerel movement in the dark, speed increased to 22.97 ± 0.29, 24.66 ± 1.06, 26.28 ± 2.28, and 25.19 ± 1.91 cm/s upon exposure to red, blue, cyan, and white LEDs, respectively. There were increases of 103.48 ± 1.58, 109.37 ± 5.29, 118.48 ± 10.82, and 109.43 ± 3.92 %, respectively, in the relative speed of the fishes upon illumination with red, blue, cyan, and white LEDs compared with that in the dark (set at 100 %). Similar rate of wavelength-dependent responses was observed in a frequency analysis. These results indicate that an LED emitting a peak wavelength close to an absorption maximum of rhodopsin is more effective at eliciting a response to light.  相似文献   

10.
Responses of the sporophytes of Laminaria japonica to blue, red and white lights were investigated using segments, discs and whole plants. The relative growth rate with regard to the blade's length and width showed no difference among the light conditions during 2 weeks of culturing. On the contrary, the elongation rates of the stipe and the holdfast were 1.7–2.5 times higher under red light than that under white light as a control. Callus formation in the segments was also promoted more under red light conditions than under white or blue light. Blue light irradiation resulted in a 48% and 12% decrease in the relative growth rate of the stipe and the holdfast, respectively, in comparison with the control. When sporophyte discs were cultured for 10 weeks, all discs formed zoosporangial sori 2–3 weeks earlier under blue light than under white light. However, red light inhibited the formation of zoosporangia. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) oxidase activity was about two‐fold higher under blue light than under red light, suggesting that the difference in response between the blue and red light conditions is related to the internal IAA level of the tissues. The developmental, reproductive and morphological effects of blue and red lights will be useful for the artificial control of the life cycle of Laminaria plants and for the development of more efficient cultivation techniques.  相似文献   

11.
Light intensity has been shown to influence the foraging success of larval fish. However, the effect of light intensity on larval foraging is likely variable and influenced by both the density and characteristics of planktonic prey. In this study we examined the influence of light intensity of 0.1, 2.0, and 60 μmol·s?1·m?2 Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) on foraging of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) larvae at two prey densities. We fed them with a mixture of zooplankton taxa common to lakes inhabited by yellow perch. In addition to light intensity and prey density, the effect of larval yellow perch size was examined by using fish ranging from 9 to 15 mm. The results of our study indicated that yellow perch larvae are well adapted to feed at a wide range of light intensities, as there was no difference in foraging success at investigated light intensities. Increasing prey density from 25 to 150 (zooplankton·l?1) significantly improved the foraging success of larval yellow perch. However, the influence of prey density on foraging success was dependent on fish length. Improved foraging success at increased prey densities occurred only for individuals with a total length >10 mm. Overall, prey selection by fish larvae was influenced by light intensity, prey density, and fish length. However, the factors that influenced selection for specific prey types differed. Our study, combined with evidence from other field and laboratory work, highlight the need for a better understanding of the influence of prey density on foraging throughout ontogeny.  相似文献   

12.
Color performance of false clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris, Cuvier was first examined at four color backgrounds (blue, green red, and white) for 4 wk, then all fish were transferred to a white background for another 4 wk to test whether the impact of background colors on fish skin could have a lasting effect when the environment colors are changed. The experiment was conducted in 10‐L rectangular plastic buckets with three replicates. Thirty fish were stocked in each bucket and three fish were randomly sampled from each tank in Weeks 1, 4, and 8. The color hue, saturation, and brightness were quantified using image analysis. In addition to the whole body analysis, each fish image was divided into ventral and dorsal parts to examine the body position‐dependent response. Furthermore, color differences among the dorsal fin, anal fin, ventral fin, and caudal fin were also quantified. Blue or green background enhanced red orange color on fish skin, whereas white background made fish color brighter. Irrespective of background color, the dorsal side of fish exhibited more red orange, but the color was less bright and less saturated than that of ventral side. Upper fins (dorsal and caudal fins) were more red orange in a blue background than in a white background. Transferring fish from colored backgrounds to a white background made the fish skin and fins brighter, the color of ventral body and ventral fins less saturated, and the bottom fins more yellow orange. The results indicate that blue or green background could strengthen the orange color, whereas white background made fish color less saturated but brighter. The impact of background on the performance of fish color is temporary and likely to disappear when environmental color changes.  相似文献   

13.
Two feeding experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary distillers dried grain (DDG) as a feed ingredient that partially replaces soybean meal and wheat flour for the growth of juvenile freshwater snail (Semisulcospira coreana) and abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). Three experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 g kg?1 DDG (DDG0), 200 g kg?1 DDG from rice (diet DDG‐R) and 200 g kg?1 DDG from rice and wheat flour (diet DDG‐RW). In the first experiment, three replicate groups of the freshwater snails averaging 133.0 ± 2.48 mg were fed one of the experimental diets for 12 weeks. Weight gain of the juvenile freshwater snails was not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). In the second experiment, three replicate groups of the juvenile abalones averaging 296.3 ± 1.73 mg were fed one of the three experimental diets for 22 weeks. Weight gain of the abalones was not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). Proximate and amino acid compositions of the whole body in the freshwater snails and soft body in the abalones were not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). The results of the two experiments indicated that DDG can be used as a suitable feed ingredient for partial replacement of soybean meal and wheat flour at a level of 200 g kg?1 in diets without any adverse effects on the growth performance of freshwater snail and juvenile abalone.  相似文献   

14.
Sporeling and tissue propagation of agarophytic seaweed, Gracilaria fisheri, aimed to investigate the optimal shading colour for the preservation. This study was conducted under different shading colours indoor and outdoor experiments. The indoor experiment: tissues and sporelings of the seaweed were cultured in plastic chambers under fluorescent lights and were wrapped with white, green, blue and red colour PVC sheets of light intensity of 20 ± 1 μmol m?2 s?1. The outdoor tissues were cultured in the plastic tanks under different shadings of Saran sheets: white, green, blue and black covering the hoop‐houses with light intensity of 110 ± 10 μmol m?2 s?1. The results showed that different shading colours strongly influenced growth of G. fisheri sporelings and tissues but little effect on pigmentation. After 40 days, the highest growth rates of G. fisheri tissues and sporelings were found under red light with 1.44 and 1.89% day?1 respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) on pigment content of tissues indoor, whereas it was found that chlorophyll concentration of the sporelings under green light with 416.8 μg g?1 fresh weight was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in other treatments. After 8‐week culture, outdoor tissues showed the highest growth rate with 1.71% day?1 in the green hoop‐house. The study has found that G. fisheri cultivation was less influenced by epiphytes in the back hoop‐house with 15%. This study showed the feasibility of successful cultivation of G. fisheri sporelings and tissues.  相似文献   

15.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of light limitation on the water quality, bacterial counts and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae reared with biofloc at low salinity (≈9 g L?1). Two treatments were designed: T1 = culture with natural sunlight and T2 = culture in darkness. After 28 days, in both treatments, the final weight of shrimp was over 0.6 g with a specific growth rate over 7.4% d?1, and a survival rate over 70%. In both treatments, Vibrio sp. concentration presented low values (culture with natural sunlight = 0.1 to 9.9 × 102 CFU mL?1, culture in darkness = 0.4 to 11.7 × 102 CFU mL?1) and Bacillus sp. had high values (culture with natural sunlight = 0.7 to 66.0 × 104 CFU mL?1, culture in darkness = 0.7 to 65.8 × 104 CFU mL?1). All water quality parameters remained within the ranges suitable for shrimp culture, except for alkalinity during the first stage of the study. Although in some sampling periods some significant differences were found in bacterial counts and water quality parameters, shrimp productive performance under culture with biofloc at low salinity was not affected significantly by light limitation.  相似文献   

16.
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea has been identified as a target species for European aquaculture development, in order to fulfil the rising demand for abalone. The effects of different stocking densities on the growth performance, feed utilization and survival of two different initial size groups (30 and 40 mm) of abalones, during the final grow‐out to cocktail/market size (45–60 mm), were determined over a 6‐month period. Trials were performed in abalone cages installed in a commercial open‐sea cages fish farm. Animals were fed the red algae Gracilaria cornea and the green one Ulva rigida, both obtained from a land‐based integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture system. Survival rates were very high (94–98%) regardless the density employed. Sustained high linear growth was recorded both in shell and weight. However, a 17–19% reduction in weight gain was obtained by doubling the initial stocking density, suggesting a higher competition for space or food. Nevertheless, the high growth performance (70–94   μm day?1; 250–372% weight gain) and survival attained, even at high densities, denoted the suitability of the offshore mariculture system as well as the biofilter produced macroalgae for grow‐out culture of H. tuberculata coccinea that overall could reach cocktail/commercial size in only 18–22 months.  相似文献   

17.
To provide a specific lighting system to aquaculture, a completely randomized design with five light treatments with three replicates was used to investigate effects of light intensity on juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial sea water. The weight gain rate (WG, %), specific growth rate (SGR % day?1), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate (S, %) were significantly higher at the 320–1150‐lx treatments (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the other treatments, but the highest food conversion ratio (FCR) was at the 0‐lx treatment and the lowest at 600–1150 lx. Total protease, amylase and lipase activities in liver, stomach and intestine were significantly higher at 320–1150‐lx conditions and significantly lower at 0 lx (P ≤ 0.05) than in the other treatments. The highest contents of crude protein and crude lipid were observed at 600–1150 lx and 320–550 lx respectively. However, both moisture and ash were highest at 0 lx and lowest at 600–1150 lx. The results indicated that light intensity could significantly affect husbandry parameters, digestive enzymes and whole‐body composition of juvenile E. coioides, with optimal light intensity being at 600–1150 lx.  相似文献   

18.
Influence of Colored Light on Growth rate of Juveniles of Fish   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
The main aim of our experiments was to study the influence of colored light on juveniles of Carassius carassius, Perccottus glenii and Poecilia reticulata. The species of fish used for studies differ in their biotopes and feeding behavior. The results of experiments demonstrated that different species of fish can have different response to light quality. Thus crucian carp developed better by green light, rotan-by blue and green, guppy - by blue light. By red light the growth rate in all species decreased. The response in different species of fish to the light environment appears to be governed by changes in energy metabolism and hormone disproportionation.  相似文献   

19.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of feed colour on the performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae and fingerlings. In the first experiment, triplicate groups of newly hatched larvae (0.01 g fish−1) were stocked in 40 L glass aquaria at a density of 2 fish L−1. The fish were fed a test diet (400 g kg−1 crude protein) with six different colours (dark blue, dark green, red, dark brown, yellow and light brown) for 60 days. The best performance and survival were achieved in fish fed on dark‐coloured diets, while light‐coloured diets (yellow and light brown) resulted in inferior performance. Dark diets also produced higher body protein than light diets. Body water, lipids and ash showed irregular trends. In the second experiment, triplicate groups of Nile tilapia fingerlings (5.30 g fish−1) were stocked in 140‐L aquaria, in a recirculating indoor system. The fish were fed a test diet (350 g kg−1 crude protein) with the same colours used in the larval trial, for 60 days. Growth rates, feed efficiency, survival and body composition were not significantly affected by feed colours. These results suggest that Nile tilapia larvae are visual feeders, and they prefer dark‐coloured diets to light‐coloured diets, while fingerling fish showed no preference to diet colours.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract.— We evaluated the effects of different lighting spectra and routine disturbances on the growth and stress responses of yellow perch Perca, flavescens. Fish were reared in tanks under one of three different lighting spectra: blue (405–530 nm), red (600–750 nm). or full spectrum (380–750 nm). For each lighting spectrum, fish were reared under one of two disturbance levels: one in which the fish were exposed to 2–4 daily routine disturbances which typify intensive tank culture conditions (e.g., casting shadows over the tank, sham tank siphoning, and dissolved oxygen measurement: ‘disturbed’). or a second treatment in which such disturbances were minimized (‘undisturbed’). The fish were reared for 87 d under temperature, photoperiod. and feeding conditions near optimal for the growth of yellow perch. The cortisol stress response of the different fish groups was evaluated by measuring baseline serum cortisol levels on days 0, 1,3, and 21, and by measuring cortisol levels 30 min after the application of an acute handling stressor on days 0, 1, and 3. Treatment effects on growth were measured from days 21–86 of the study. On day 87, various organs and parameters were evaluated to compare the health and condition of fish reared under the different treatments. Disturbed fish gained less weight and length, and had a significantly lower condition factor than undisturbed fish. Additionally, the disturbed fish showed no signs of acclimation to the frequent disturbances. The fish under red and full spectrum light gained more length than those under blue light. Frequent disturbance had a greater negative effect on length gain in fish reared under red light than in those reared under the other light treatments. On day 21, but not on other days, baseline cortisol levels were higher in disturbed than in undisturbed fish. Undisturbed fish had higher levels of mesentery fat than disturbed fish. Our results demonstrate that yellow perch growth can be significantly affected by disturbance level and lighting conditions. These factors should be taken into consideration when developing culture strategies to maximize the growth of yellow perch reared under intensive culture conditions.  相似文献   

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