共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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大豆胞囊线虫(soybean cyst nematode,SCN)(Heterodera glycines)是一种世界性的大豆(Glycine max)病害.本研究以抗SCN4号生理小种的黑豆为研究对象,对大豆胞囊线虫侵染后的两个发育时期进行转录组测序和生物信息学分析,宏观了解大豆的抗病机制.通过Illumina HiSeqTM2500测序共获得1.96× 1010 bp的数据.经过分析后,接种后第9天(第一时期)和接种后第17天(第二时期)分别得到2 180个和4 210个差异表达基因,同时,对差异表达基因进行基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)注释,蛋白质直系同源簇(Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins,COG)注释,结果显示,GO注释和COG注释分别将差异表达基因分为了58和25个功能类别.另外,京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析结果表明,可将两个时期的差异表达基因分别定位到83和105个具体的代谢途径分支.其中,参与到激素信号转导途径,苯丙氨酸代谢,能量代谢等过程中的差异基因最多,这些数据为进一步筛选抗病关键基因及功能验证等研究提供了依据. 相似文献
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大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines,soybean cyst nematode,SCN)为植物专性内寄生线虫,主要危害大豆(Glycine max)等豆科植物,烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)是其非寄主。但近年来,本课题组在山东地区发现一个特殊的SCN群体(简称SCN_T),其可以寄生烟草,但对大豆的致病性很差。为揭示SCN_T与普通大豆孢囊线虫群体(SCN)对同一寄主致病性存在显著差异的分子机制,本研究采用Illumina平台Hi Seq~(TM)2500高通量测序技术对两个群体的2龄幼虫(second stage juvenile,J2)进行转录组测序和生物信息学分析,并采用q RT-PCR对转录组测序结果进行验证。结果表明,SCN和SCN_T共检测出1 628个差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),其中1 347个基因在SCN_T中上调表达,281个下调表达。对DEGs进行基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)分析发现,被注释到分子功能的核糖体结构组成的DEGs数目最多,高达284个;其次是生物学进程的翻译过程,为211个;京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析表明,639个DEGs定位到277个代谢途径分支,其中参与到核糖体和氧化磷酸化途径的差异基因最多。另外,与线虫生长发育和寄生相关的代谢途径以及一些编码食道腺细胞分泌蛋白的DEGs同样被显著富集。q RT-PCR分析数据与转录组测序结果相关性较好(R~2=0.98),说明转录组测序数据可靠。本研究首次研究了不同致病力群体SCN和SCN_T在转录水平上的差异,为进一步解析SCN致病性差异形成的分子机制提供科学依据。 相似文献
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《土壤与作物》2020,(3)
乙烯(Ethylene,ET)和水杨酸(Salicylic Acid,SA)不仅是重要的植物生长调节物质,而且在调控植物与病原线虫互作中起着重要作用,但两者在感病大豆与大豆胞囊线虫(Soybean cyst nematode,SCN)间亲和性反应中的相互作用关系尚不清楚。转录组分析表明,SCN侵染24 h后明显激活ET合成途径,但SA途径变化不显著。0.5 m M乙烯利(Ethephon,ET供体)外源处理能显著增加感病大豆William 82对SCN的敏感性,喷施2 m M SA则明显降低SCN在大豆上的繁殖能力,但是该诱导作用能被乙烯利处理消除。qRT-PCR分析表明,乙烯利能抑制SA合成途径关键酶基因Gm ICS2表达,暗示ET和SA可能存在拮抗作用。进一步研究发现,SA的诱导抗性与上调下游防御基因Gm PR1和Gm PR2表达密切相关,而乙烯利处理进一步加剧了线虫对Gm PR2和Gm PR5表达的抑制作用。以上研究结果表明,ET在感病大豆与SCN间亲和性反应中起正调控作用,而ET与SA信号途径间可能存在的部分负向调节影响了寄主对SCN侵染的响应。 相似文献
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为了挖掘抗水稻纹枯病的相关功能基因,本研究从日本晴(Oryza sativa L.spp.japonica,var nippobare)水稻品种中克隆了1个编码核孔蛋白的基因,命名为Os Seh1。该基因与拟南芥中的At Seh1同源,且不同植物物种的Seh1具有相同的保守结构域。Os Seh1蛋白定位于烟草叶片细胞核内。水杨酸和纹枯病病原菌均能诱导水稻Os Seh1的表达,水杨酸诱导48h时Os Seh1表达量达到最高值,约为诱导0h的2倍;而立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)诱导24h时Os Seh1表达量达到最高,为诱导0h的3.5倍。接种纹枯病病原菌15d后,转基因过表达水稻植株比野生型抗性高,而RNA干扰(RNAi)植株比野生型更感病。抗病性显著的T1过表达植株中Os Seh1的相对表达量为6~11,比野生型相对表达量高3~4倍,而感病性显著的RNAi植株中Os Seh1的相对表达量为0.2~0.6,表明Os Seh1的表达水平与水稻对纹枯病病菌的抗性正相关。本研究初步证明了Os Seh1在水稻抗纹枯病中的重要功能,为利用水稻自身基因资源提高纹枯病抗性提供了新思路。 相似文献
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我国“应县小黑豆”对SCN4号生理小种抗性的SSR及ISSR分子标记研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
本研究以"应县小黑豆"×"晋豆23"杂交组合F2群体为材料,用塑膜钵柱法进行抗性鉴定,利用分离体分组分析法(BSA)结合SSR和ISSR标记技术对抗性基因进行分子标记筛选和定位,旨在实现大豆孢囊线虫抗性育种中亲本和杂交后代的分子标记辅助选择.筛选到2个与抗SCN基因座位连锁的分子标记Satt038和ISSR811.Satt038片段含180bp和185 bp,为共显性标记,在F2群体中的分离比为121;ISSR标记ISSR811为显性标记,片段长350bp,F2群体分离比为13.2个标记在F2群体中呈孟德尔式遗传.通过JOINMAP分析,微卫星标记Satt038、ISSR标记ISSR811与抗SCN基因座位的遗传距离分别为26.9cM和10.2 cM.还探讨了分子标记Satt038和ISSR811用于大豆抗SCN育种进行分子标记辅助选择的可能性. 相似文献
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利用有性杂交和激光辐射相结合的方法培育大豆新品种 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
利用对大豆孢囊线虫 2号生理小种免疫的品种资源“黑豆 2”与高产“黄沙大豆”进行有性杂交 ,再对表现良好的杂交后代进行激光辐射处理 ,经过多年的稳定和筛选 ,并经多年多点品系比较试验 ,选育出高产、优质、抗病大豆新品系德豆 99 1 6。该品系 2 0 0 3年参加了山东省大豆区域试验 ,产量居第 1位 ( 2 739 0kg hm2 ) ,比对照鲁豆 1 1号增产 8 0 5 % ;蛋白质含量、脂肪含量均达国家优质大豆品质标准 ;高抗大豆孢囊线虫 2号生理小种。 相似文献
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《土壤与作物》2015,(1):42-47
大豆孢囊线虫病是严重制约大豆生产的重要世界性病害,黑龙江省是我国大豆的主产区域之一,田间种植抗线3号生理小种的品种抗性已减弱甚至丧失,但线虫具体发生怎样的变异还不清楚。目前,Riggs和Schmit的鉴别标准已不能满足当前小种的鉴定,通过线虫的卵量来比较鉴别寄主的抗性差异可能将是更进一步分析小种变异的重要指标之一。本研究在田间鉴别寄主初步鉴定变异的地块,采取了安达地区两个地点的土样进行单孢囊分离培养和温室生理小种鉴定,同时也采取了山东泰安4号生理小种的田间土样作为对照。每个土样进行单孢囊繁殖,然后扩繁接种鉴别寄主,35 d~40 d后调查植株根表和土壤里的雌虫总数,再研磨雌虫收集卵量。利用孢囊的雌虫指数温室盆栽结果鉴定出安达的两个土样和山东的样品都是4号生理小种,但是通过线虫卵量和对照感病品种Lee比较,却发现安达的两个样品和山东的4号样品有很大的差异。田间初步实验和温室盆栽鉴定结果表明安达地区3号生理小种已经发生变异,温室试验表明该地区存在4号小种,且小种的毒性有明显的分化。图2,表2,参15。 相似文献
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晚疫病是马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)生产中最为严重的病害,抗晚疫病是马铃薯育种的主要目标之一。前期研究中,在具有田间抗性的马铃薯材料中筛选到一个受广谱诱抗剂β-氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid,BABA)诱导表达的转录因子StWRKY8基因片段。为了进一步研究该基因在马铃薯晚疫病抗性中的功能,本研究利用qRT-PCR技术进一步分析了该基因受β-氨基丁酸和晚疫病菌—卵菌致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)诱导表达的模式;从马铃薯中克隆了该基因cDNA,构建了35S启动子驱动的植物表达载体,通过农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导的方法进行了马铃薯的遗传转化;对获得的超量表达转基因株系进行了离体叶片晚疫病接种抗性鉴定,同时利用qRT-PCR技术检测了StWRKY8下游植保素合成相关基因—3-羟-3-甲戊二酰辅酶A还原酶基因2(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Co A reductase 2,HMGR2)和NADP-苹果酸酶基因(NADP-malic enzyme,NADP-ME)的表达。研究结果表明,BABA和P.infestans都能诱导StWRKY8基因上调表达,BABA诱导24 h达到表达高峰,而P.infestans诱导36 h达到表达高峰。本研究克隆的StWRKY8基因编码区长1 605 bp,编码534个氨基酸,与已报道马铃薯StWRKY8(NP_001274836.1)蛋白序列相似性达到98%,含有两个WRKYGQK保守结构域。获得了StWRKY8超量表达转基因株系,晚疫病接种抗性鉴定表明,4个表达量高的转基因株系晚疫病抗性显著提高。另外,本研究结果表明,受StWRKY8调控的HMGR2和NADP-ME基因的表达量在超量表达转基因株系中并未明显提高。但是,当转基因株系受到晚疫病菌液体培养物(culture filtrate,CF)诱导时,这两个基因在转基因株系中显著上调表达。本研究结果为进一步探讨StWRKY8抗性调控机理以及利用该基因提高马铃薯晚疫病抗性提供了重要信息。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):1615-1634
Abstract Greenhouse and laboratory research studied K and CI nutrition of four soybean [Glycine max (L) Merril] cultivars with differential resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN, Heterodora glycines Ichinohe). The cultivars: Forrest (Group V, resistant to races 1 and 3), Bradley (Group VI, resistant to races 1, 3 and 4), Essex (Group V, susceptible), and Davis (Group VI, susceptible*) were used. Potassium treatments were zero K, K2SO4 and KCI, and SCN treatment was zero and 500 eggs/100 g of previously sterilized soil. Single plants were grown for 30‐days in 400 g of soil in 3.5 cm pots maintained at 23°C. Plants were separated into roots and shoots for analysis. Post harvest SCN cyst counts were completed to evaluate cultivar‐K treatment effect on SCN population dynamics and treatment effects on root and shoot K, Ca, Mg and CI. Cyst counts were a function of cultivar resistance and inoculation, and were not affected by K treatment. Root and shoot weights of all cultivars were lower In the SCN inoculated pots. Potassium treatments did not alter the SCN negative effect on root weight, but KCI appeared to reverse the negative effect that SCN inoculation had on shoot weight of Bradley. SCN Inoculation appeared to reduce CI concentration in the roots of all cultivars, increase root K of Bradley and no effect on root K of Davis, Essex and Forrest. Transiocation of K from roots to shoots was not adversely affected by SCN inoculation. The KCI treatment increased shoot CI concentration of cultivars in order Essex > Davis > Forrest > Bradley. The order of correlation of root CI concentration with shoot CI concentration was: Essex (r = 0.80**) > Bradley (r = 0.70**) > Davis (r = 0.54**) > Forrest (r = 0.40**) suggesting difference in root CI adsorption characteristcs and CI translocation characteristis to the shoots. Additional research is needed to determine to what extent root and shoot CI accumulation characteristics are related to SCN resistance and if the shoot CI accumulation characteristics is independent of root CI adsorption characteristics. 相似文献
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Gordon Smith William Wiebold T.L. Niblack Peter Scharf Dale Blevins 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):827-834
Investigations into the effect of soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines, Ichinoe) on the yield components of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have shown that pod numbers are reduced with increasing SCN initial populations (Pi) present in the soil at planting. The main method by which SCN alters pod numbers is through reductions in the number of branches per plant. Foliar applications of boron (B) and B in combination with magnesium (Mg) (B+Mg) increase yield of soybean not infected with SCN by increasing pod number per plant, especially the number of pods on branches. The objective of this research was to determine if foliar applications of B and B+Mg ameliorates the effect of SCN by increasing yield on branches. Field experiments were conducted in 1993 and 1994 in 1 m2 microplots to compare foliar applied B and B+Mg to a control treatment. Foliar applications were made at four intervals spaced throughout soybean reproductive development of Pioneer brand 9391, an SCN susceptible cultivar. There were 12 levels of SCN Pi in 1993 and 11 levels in 1994. For each treatment, including control, grain yield was regressed on SCN Pi. Yield was reduced with increasing SCN Pi in both years, but the rate of decrease did not differ among treatments. In addition, ANOVA of yield components revealed no treatment effects on the number of branches per plant, the number of branch pods per plant, or the total number of pods per plant. Thus, foliar applications of B or B+Mg did not ameliorate the effects of SCN on soybean. 相似文献
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The soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a major pest of soybeans (Glycine max L. Merrill) in the central and southern United States. Soybean cyst nematode causes stunted top growth, root pruning and symptoms of mineral element deficiency in soybeans. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two selections of SCN (I selected on PI209332 and IV selected on PI 89772) on macronutrient uptake, translocation, and tissue concentrations of soybean and to determine the elemental composition of cysts isolated from roots. Soybeans were grown in plastic tubes in the greenhouse where the middle one‐third of the Hodge fine sand (Typic Udipsamment) contained 0, 25,000, or 50,000 SCN eggs. After 35 days, plants were harvested and tissue nutrient element concentrations were determined. Plants infested with both SCN selections were smaller and had much less root volume than controls. Dry weight of each plant tissue decreased as SCN population was increased. Root concentration of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) was decreased, whereas root calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were increased with SCN treatments. Leaf Mg and Ca concentrations increased with SCN treatment. Magnesium uptake per unit root volume was decreased, but Mg translocation (% of total plant content in aerial portion) was increased with SCN treatment. Calcium uptake per unit of root volume was increased, but translocation was unchanged by SCN treatment. The Ca and P concentration of cysts isolated from the soybean roots was high. This high concentration of Ca in cysts is interesting based on the greater root Ca concentration and uptake per unit of root volume in SCN infested plants. Since total uptake and root concentrations of both K and Mg were decreased by SCN treatment, infested soybeans might require very high levels of K and Mg fertilization. These results indicate that K and Mg fertility should be followed closely in SCM‐infested soybean fields. 相似文献
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Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines; SCN) is becoming a serious problem in azuki bean (Vigna angularis var. angularis) production in Hokkaido, Japan. To find sources of resistance to SCN, we screened wild relatives of azuki bean and calculated “female indices” (FIs) of 342 accessions from 8 Vigna species that are cross-compatible with azuki bean. Twenty-three accessions belonging to V. hirtella, V. minima, V. nakashimae, V. riukiuensis, and V. tenuicaulis were resistant to the most prevalent SCN race, race 3, but most of them were only moderately resistant or susceptible to race 5. Four promising accessions (V. minima JP205886, JP205891, and JP210806, and V. nakashimae JP107879) showed a high level of resistance to all SCN races found in Japan (1, 3, and 5) and race 2 (an experimentally derived race from race 5). Since the SCN-resistant soybean cultivars released in Japan are not resistant to races 2 and 5, these wild Vigna accessions may have resistance mechanisms different from that of soybean. Continuous culture of race 3 on promising accessions showed that it might be difficult to overcome the resistance of these accessions. The resistance sources found in this study will be useful in controlling SCN through the breeding of SCN-resistant azuki bean cultivars. This study also showed the effectiveness of using wild genetic resources for identifying novel resistance sources. 相似文献
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抗病性不同大豆品种根面及根际微生物区系的变化 Ⅰ.非连作大豆(正茬)根面及根际微生物区系的变化 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
采用平板计数法测定了3个抗病性不同的大豆品种在生育期内根面和根际微生物区系的变化情况,并应用荧光计数法直接测定了根际细菌和真菌的生物量。结果表明,土体的微生物种类最丰富、根际的次之、根面的较单一。播种后从三叶期到鼓粒初期,根面和根际的可培养细菌总数随生育期逐渐增加,鼓粒初期达最大值,而成熟期则有明显的下降;大豆根际细菌生物量也存在相同的变化规律。抗病性不同的大豆品种其根面、根际可培养细菌总数存在差异;抗病品种大豆的根瘤重明显高于感病品种。种植一季后感病品种根际积累的病原生物(镰孢霉Fusarium.sp.和大豆胞囊线虫Heterodera.glycines的胞囊数)明显高于抗病品种。说明大豆根系分泌物对微生物具有选择性的促进或抑制作用,不同大豆品种以及同一大豆品种在不同生育时期根系分泌物的组成和数量不同,从而使大豆根面及根际形成了特定的微生物区系组成。 相似文献
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甘薯肌醇-1-磷酸合成酶基因的克隆及序列分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
甘薯(Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)新品系农大603是从感茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)病品种徐薯18的辐照后代中获得的一个抗茎线虫病的突变体。以农大603和徐薯18块根的mRNA为模板，根据植物抗线虫病基因NBS保守氨基酸序列设计引物，进行 RT-PCR分析，发现农大603的肌醇-1-磷酸合成酶(Myo inositol-1-phosphate synthase , MIPS)基因的表达量高于徐薯18。采用3'RACE技术扩增出MIPS基因的3'末端cDNA。根据植物MIPS基因 5'端一段保守的氨基酸序列设计兼并引物，并与3'端的特异引物组合，扩增出该基因的5'端cDNA序列。DNA序列比对表明，甘薯MIPS基因与大豆(Glycine max)、番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum )的MIPS基因同源性较高，分别达83.63 %和83.89 %。甘薯MIPS基因全长cDNA的克隆，有利于进一步研究该基因与抗甘薯茎线虫病的关系。 相似文献
17.
Dirk V. Charlson Theodore B. Bailey Silvia R. Cianzio Randy C. Shoemaker 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(7):1055-1062
Abstract Iron-deficiency chlorosis (IDC) and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) result in yield and income losses for soybean growers in the U.S. Breeding programs are identifying soybean genotypes with resistance to IDC using calcareous soils infested with SCN, where SCN might interfere with evaluation. Our first objective was to examine whether associations could be established for chlorosis symptoms with SCN infestation of soybean grown on SCN-infested calcareous soils. Two breeding populations, their parents, and five SCN-susceptible, IDC-control genotypes (IDC controls) were evaluated for IDC symptoms on SCN-infested calcareous soils in 2000 and 2001. In general, no significant correlations were detected between chlorosis expression and SCN infestation in either year, although a negative correlation (r = ?0.93, p ≤ 0.05) was observed for the IDC controls in 2001. For our second objective, we examined the relationship between genotype resistance to SCN and IDC. Although IDC controls were all equally susceptible to SCN and chlorosis observed in the field and nutrient solution was similar, SCN-resistant genotypes expressed resistance to IDC in the field, but severe susceptibility to IDC in nutrient solution. Our third objective was to investigate the value of calcareous soil properties to predict IDC in soybean grown on SCN-infested calcareous soils. For one breeding population in 2001, positive correlations (p ≤ 0.05) were detected for chlorosis with calcium carbonate (r = 0.62) and electrical conductivity (r = 0.59), and a negative correlation (r = –0.41) with soil Fe-DTPA-TEA. No significant correlations were observed for the remaining genotypes. Our study indicated that associations between IDC, SCN, and calcareous soil properties are dependent on genotype and environment. In addition, our study demonstrated a potential association between plant health and SCN reproduction in SCN-susceptible genotypes, the possibility that SCNresistant genotypes may be sensitive to iron availability, and the importance of genotype on the detection of associations between IDC expression and SCN infestation. 相似文献
18.
Mei Li Michiko Yasuda Hiroko Yamaya-Ito Masumi Maeda Nobumitsu Sasaki Maki Nagata 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):561-577
Legumes establish symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia through root nodules to acquire nitrogen. Legumes control nodule number through systemic (autoregulation of nodulation) as well as local regulation. Moreover, plants defend themselves against bacteria and other pathogens through the induction of localized (localized acquired resistance) and systemic (SAR, systemic acquired resistance; ISR, induced systemic resistance) responses. Herein, we show that the number of root nodules is suppressed by programmed cell death (PCD), and is simultaneously controlled by SAR and ISR in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). The wild-type soybean cultivar Williams 82 showed markedly fewer root nodule primordia and PCD symptoms, including accelerated DNA degradation, enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (visualized by 3,3′-diaminobenzidine staining), and excessive cell death (detected on staining with trypan blue) compared to the hypernodulation mutant NOD1-3. These results suggest that PCD suppresses the formation of root nodules in wild-type soybean. In addition, microarray and gene ontology analyses showed that essential components of hypersensitive response (HR) or disease resistance, such as resistance (R) genes, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, SAR, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, etc., were activated in wild-type plants. These analyses corroborate the above findings, demonstrating that the suppression of root nodule formation by PCD is accompanied by HR, and is simultaneously controlled by SAR and ISR in soybean. These findings provide new insight into the control of nodulation to balance nutritional requirements and energy status in legumes. 相似文献
19.
Whent M Lv J Luthria DL Kenworthy W Yu LL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(24):12902-12909
Maryland-grown soybean lines modified for low lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) content and a traditional nonmodified cultivar were analyzed for fatty acid composition, total phenolic content (TPC), isoflavone composition, relative DPPH? scavenging capacity (RDSC), and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (HOSC). Soybean lines included black, brown, and yellow soybeans. TPC of all soybean lines ranged from 2.84 to 4.74 mg gallic acid equiv (GAE)/g flour. Total isoflavones were between 2.78 and 8.66 μmol/g flour. RDSC of all lines was between 0.48 and 14.62 μmol Trolox equiv (TE)/g flour, and HOSC ranged from 53.57 to 135.52 μmol TE/g flour. Some modified-LOX genotypes demonstrated antioxidant capacity and/or isoflavone content similar to or higher than those of the nonmodified cultivar (P < 0.05). Black soybeans demonstrated higher TPC and RDSC than most yellow soybean lines, although they did not have higher isoflavone content. The results demonstrate that modification of the LOX trait did not necessarily alter the antioxidant capacity or chemical composition of the experimental soybean lines when compared with a nonmodified cultivar. These soybean lines may be studied further for nutraceutical properties and use in functional foods. 相似文献