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1.
牛隐孢子虫病是由隐孢子虫寄生于牛肠道而引起的一种原虫病,该病以腹泻为主要特征。随着规模化养殖业的不断发展,该病的流行在我国牛群中呈上升趋势,给养殖业造成严重经济损失。同时,隐孢子虫病作为一种人畜共患原虫病,检出率逐年增高。因此,近几年牛隐孢子虫病引起了国内外兽医学者的关注。本文就其病原学、流行病学、临床症状与病理组织学变化、检测及防制等方面的研究进展做一综述。 相似文献
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隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium spp)是一种全球广泛分布的肠道寄生原虫,可感染人类和多种动物,引起自限性腹泻、腹痛、营养不良等临床症状。目前,分子生物学工具的发展促进了隐孢子虫的检测和分型,部分隐孢子虫虫种已开发出亚型分型工具,为深入探究隐孢子虫的分子传播特征及人兽共患风险提供了可能。牛是隐孢子虫的重要宿主,但目前对牛隐孢子虫病的了解不足,并常常忽视其公共卫生意义。因此,笔者总结了近年牛隐孢子虫病的流行病学研究结果,发现我国绝大部分地区均有相关报道。报道中的主要虫种为微小隐孢子虫、牛隐孢子虫、芮氏隐孢子虫以及安氏隐孢子虫,虫种的感染具有年龄相关性,并与发达地区存在一定差异。微小隐孢子虫是重要的人兽共患虫种,而牛隐孢子虫和安氏隐孢子虫也有感染人类的报道,牛隐孢子虫病的人兽共患风险正在被不断发现。 相似文献
3.
牛隐孢子虫病是一种原生性寄生虫病,引起该病的病原主要寄生在牛的胃肠道,使患病牛出现严重腹泻.近些年,越来越多的科研工作者致力于牛隐孢子虫病的研究.本文总结国内外对牛感染隐孢子虫种类的各项研究,并从病原、流行病学和展望三方面进行综述,为进一步了解牛隐孢子虫病提供参考. 相似文献
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猪隐孢子虫和隐孢子虫病的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
隐孢子虫病是一种全球性的人兽共患病 ,猪隐孢子虫病世界各地均有报道 ,严重威胁着人类和动物的健康。本文对猪隐孢子虫病的病原分类、虫体形态和生活史、流行病学特点、诊断、防治等方面目前研究状况进行了综述 ,为猪隐孢子虫病的有效防制提供参考 相似文献
5.
某牧场隐孢子虫感染情况调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
隐孢子虫病是多种脊椎动物特别是仔畜和婴儿的人畜共患寄生虫病,以肠粘膜的损伤为特征。隐孢子虫于1907年由Tyzzer在实验小鼠的胃粘膜中发现,命名为鼠隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidum muris)。1971年Paneiera等在美国发现第1例犊牛隐孢子虫病,1976年Nime等报道了第1例儿童隐孢子虫病之后,才引起人们对该病的重视和研究。近几年,国内也开展了牛隐孢子虫病 相似文献
6.
北京地区牛隐孢子虫病的调查及小鼠的人工感染 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
隐孢子虫病是全世界流行的一种人畜共患病。笔者对北京地区的牛隐孢子虫病进行了初步调查,在调查的5个牛场中有4个发现有隐孢子虫感染,其中二月龄、三月龄犊牛感染率最高(二月龄为19.5%,三月龄为17.4%),四、五月龄时逐步下降,一月龄犊牛感染率最低。人工感染试验证明牛隐孢子虫能够感染正常的和免疫力降低的小鼠。从而证明北京地区牛隐孢子虫不具有宿主特异性,它既能感染牛,又能感染小鼠。笔者还在电镜样品和组织切片中发现了隐孢子虫各发育阶段的虫体;被隐孢子虫寄生的肠绒毛发生不同程度的变性、坏死、萎缩和上皮细胞的脱落,从而证明北京地区牛隐孢子虫具有一定的致病性。 相似文献
7.
应用巢式聚合酶链反应（Nested PCR）-限制片段长度多态性 （restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP）方法对微小隐孢子虫（C．parvum）、安氏隐孢子虫（C．andersoni）和火鸡隐孢子虫（C．meleagrides）的鉴别进行了研究。结果显示C．parvum BOCC2、C．andesoni BOCC2和C．meleagrides CHCC1扩增产物片段大小分别为830bp、828bp和828bp，扩增产物分别经VspI酶切后形成3种不同的RFLP图谱，根据RFLP图谱可鉴别C．parvum、C．andersoni和C．meleagrides。本研究为我国隐孢子虫的分类和隐孢子虫病的分子流行病学研究打下了良好基础。 相似文献
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Therapy based on the protective passive immunity of hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) was applied to 12 moribund Leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) infected with Cryptosporidium sp. The geckos were lethargic and moderately to severely emaciated, weighing on average 36% of the baseline body weight value. Seven gastric HBC treatments at 1-week intervals each decreased the relative output of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts and the prevalence of oocyst-positive fecal specimens. Histologically, after 8 weeks of therapy, seven out of 12 geckos had only single developmental stages of Cryptosporidium sp. in the intestinal epithelium, and three, one and one geckos had low, moderate and high numbers, respectively, of the pathogen developmental stages. The HBC therapy was efficacious in decreasing the parasite load in moribund geckos. Morphometric and immunologic analysis of Cryptosporidium sp. oocyst isolates originating from Leopard geckos (E. macularius) demonstrated differences between gecko-derived oocyst isolates and isolates of C. serpentis recovered from snakes. 相似文献
12.
OBJECTIVE: Genetic and biological characterisation of 12 isolates of Cryptosporidium from pigs and comparing them with Cryptosporidium isolates from humans and cattle. DESIGN: Cryptosporidium isolates from pigs were compared with those obtained from human and cattle using rDNA sequence analysis. The infectivity of two of the porcine isolates was determined in neonatal mice and the clinical history of the infected pigs recorded. RESULTS: Pig-derived isolates of Cryptosporidium exhibited two distinct genotypes; a porcine genotype and a bovine genotype, which is common to cattle and other livestock. The porcine genotype did not produce any infection in neonatal mice whereas the bovine genotype did. CONCLUSION: Two distinct genetically and biologically differing strains of Cryptosporidium appeared to be associated with acute diarrhoea in pigs. Whether Cryptosporidium was a primary or secondary pathogen is unclear but warrants further investigation. As the bovine genotype is known to infect humans, the results suggest that pigs can act as reservoirs of cryptosporidial infections for humans and other live-stock. The zoonotic potential of the pig-adapted genotype is uncertain and requires further study. 相似文献
13.
The significance of Cryptosporidium as a causative agent of diarrhea has been assessed in bovine for a period of 2 years. A total of 940 faecal samples (470 samples in each year) both from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic bovine (0-12 months age) were examined during three different seasons (rainy season, summer and winter). Overall Cryptosporidium was detected in 17.46% and 18.04% cases in first and second year, respectively. Out of 50.21% diarrhoeic and 49.79% non-diarrhoeic cases Cryptosporidium was detected in 26.79% and 8.13% in first year and 27.49% and 8.59% in second year. Year did not have any significant effect on the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis in bovine during this study period. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis, both in diarrhoeic (61.64%) and non-diarrhoeic (47.22%) cases was highest in 0-1-month age group (P<0.01). Such a high percentage of cryptosporidiosis in clinically asymptomatic animals indicated that the particular age group of animals might be reservoir for the parasite. During this study period highest prevalence was recorded in rainy season (27.55%) followed by summer (16.99%) and winter (8.71%) (P<0.01). A total of 166 positive cases were genotyped. Molecular characterization of bovine cryptosporidiosis has been carried out by PCR-RFLP analysis of SSU rRNA gene and results indicated that Cryptosporidium parvum mainly responsible for diarrhea in bovine in India. 相似文献
14.
N A de Visser H J Breukink F G van Zijderveld P W de Leeuw 《The Veterinary quarterly》1987,9(4):289-296
Forty-five calves on four veal calf units were monitored during the first four weeks after their arrival. Faecal samples were collected on alternate days and screened for the presence of rotaviruses, bovine coronavirus, Cryptosporidium oocysts, K99 positive strains of E. coli and Salmonella spp. Rotaviruses and Cryptosporidium were the most commonly detected agents (78% and 60% respectively of the calves). Bovine coronavirus was detected in the faeces of 18% of the calves, whilst K99 positive E. coli was only found in 2 samples from one calf. Salmonella spp. were not isolated from any of the 646 faecal samples examined. Shedding of rotaviruses occurred in a bimodal pattern beginning in the first week of the survey. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected most frequently in the interval between the two peaks of rotavirus shedding. The presence of rotaviruses or Cryptosporidium oocysts in faeces was not strongly associated with scour, nor were combined infections with these agents or the cases of bovine coronavirus infection. The condition of the calves throughout the survey was generally satisfactory. 相似文献
15.
Maikai BV Umoh JU Kwaga JK Lawal IA Maikai VA Cama V Xiao L 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,178(3-4):241-245
Despite numerous molecular epidemiologic studies of cryptosporidiosis in dairy cattle in industrialized countries, there are very few studies on the diversity and public health significance of Cryptosporidium species in native cattle in developing countries. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was used to detect and identify Cryptosporidium spp. in 194 fecal specimens from 2 to 365 days old calves in 20 White Fulani and Sokoto Gudali herds in Nigeria. Thirty one (16.0%) of the specimens were positive for Cryptosporidium. Restriction digestion of the PCR products showed the presence of Cryptosporidium bovis (7.2%), Cryptosporidium ryanae (4.1%), Cryptosporidium andersoni (2.5%), and concurrent occurrence of C. bovis and C. ryanae (1.5%), and C. bovis and C. andersoni (0.5%). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in Cryptosporidium infection rates by sex, herd location, management system, breed of calves, or fecal consistency. However, calves 180 days or younger had a higher infection rate of Cryptosporidium than older calves (p=0.034). Likewise, younger calves also had higher occurrence of C. bovis and C. ryanae (p=0.022). The absence of zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum in the calves studied suggests that native breeds of cattle may not be important in the transmission of human cryptosporidiosis in Kaduna State, Nigeria. 相似文献
16.
F Martinez C Mascaro M J Rosales J Diaz J Cifuentes A Osuna 《Veterinary parasitology》1992,42(1-2):27-31
Cryptosporidium parvum of bovine origin was developed in vitro in unsensitized mouse peritoneal macrophages. Macrophages growing in RPMI medium were infected with sporozoites or with oocysts, and after staining infections were studied by light microscopy. A high parasitic index was obtained with multiple infections occurring commonly. This is a simple method for the study of Cryptosporidium biology, and for in vitro assays of pharmacological activity. 相似文献
17.
Cheun HI Choi TK Chung GT Cho SH Lee YH Kimata I Kim TS 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(10):1099-1101
To investigate Cryptosporidium infection among healthy people, we collected stool samples from 150 healthy individuals in Gokseong, Muan, and Imshil Counties, southwest Korea, where neighbors on both an animal farm and a river respectively. In 12 of 150 samples, Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by means of modified acid-fast staining. The bovine genotype, Cryptosporidium parvum, was identified by PCR/RFLP and 18S rRNA sequencing. C. parvum existed endemically in these areas, and the residents showed a relatively higher infection rate for C. parvum than that for C. hominis. Our results indicate that countermeasures against Cryptosporidium infection must be taken in these areas to ensure human health. 相似文献
18.
N. A. P. C. de Visser H. J. Breukinid F. G. van Zijderveld P. W. de Leeuw 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(4):289-296
Summary Forty‐five calves on four veal calf units were monitored during the first four weeks after their arrival. Faecal samples were collected on alternate days and screened for the presence of rotaviruses, bovine coronavirus, Cryptosporidium oocysts, K99 positive strains of E. coli and Salmonella spp. Rotaviruses and Cryptosporidium were the most commonly detected agents (78% and 60% respectively of the calves). Bovine coronavirus was detected in the faeces of 18% of the calves, whilst K99 positive E. coli was only found in 2 samples from one calf. Salmonella spp. were not isolated from any of the 646 faecal samples examined. Shedding of rotaviruses occurred in a bimodal pattern beginning in the first week of the survey. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected most frequently in the interval between the two peaks of rotavirus shedding. The presence of rotaviruses or Cryptosporidium oocysts in faeces was not strongly associated with scour, nor were combined infections with these agents or the cases of bovine coronavirus infection. The condition of the calves throughout the survey was generally satisfactory. 相似文献
19.
Paul S Chandra D Ray DD Tewari AK Rao JR Banerjee PS Baidya S Raina OK 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,153(1-2):143-146
A survey based on PCR assay of 18S SSU rRNA gene revealed a 30.2% infection with Cryptosporidium spp., out of 457 faecal samples collected from neonatal bovine calves across three different regions of India. The PCR-RFLP pattern of the gene in all the positive cases established the species as Cryptosporidium parvum. Highest prevalence was recorded in the monsoon months (37.3%) and in the calves showing acute diarrhoea (32.3%). The calves below 15 days of age were mostly affected (45.1%). The infection was more prevalent in the northern parts (35.4%) of the country than in the eastern or southern parts. Results indicated that C. parvum was the only species of Cryptosporidium prevalent in bovine calves in three different geographical regions of India. 相似文献
20.
Natural infection with zoonotic subtype of Cryptosporidium parvum in Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from Brazil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A total of 145 capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) fecal samples from the state of S?o Paulo, Brazil, were screened for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts using the malachite green method. Eight samples (5.52%) showed positive results and were further submitted to nested PCR reaction for amplification of fragments of 18S rRNA gene and 60-kDa glycoprotein gene for determination of species, alleles and subtypes of Cryptosporidium. Sequencing of the PCR products of the 18S rRNA gene fragments and 60-kDa glycoprotein gene fragments showed that for both genes all Cryptosporidium isolates from capybara were respectively 100% genetically similar to a bovine isolate of C. parvum and to C. parvum subtype IIaA15G2R1. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of Cryptosporidium infection in this rodent. The finding of zoonotic C. parvum infection in a semi-aquatic mammal that inhabits anthroponotic habitats raises the concern that human water supplies may be contaminated with zoonotic Cryptosporidium oocysts from wildlife. 相似文献