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1.
[目的]探讨陇东黄土高原地区油污土壤场地修复过程中土壤环境因子对季节变化的响应机制,为油污土壤植物微生物联合生态修复的推广应用提供参考。[方法]利用陇东适生植物"金盏菊"联合土著石油降解菌剂开展为期285d的场地原位修复试验,采用常规方法测定不同季节土壤理化特性、酶活性和微生物群落特性等环境指标。[结果](1)场地修复过程中土壤TPHs降解率在夏(24.62%±3.96%)秋(29.93%±1.94%)两季明显高于春(3.82%±0.91%)冬(9.24%±0.87%)两季;(2)季节变化和强化处理对油污土壤酶活性和理化特性存在显著交互效应(p0.05)。土壤pH值、含盐率和有机质含量在秋季明显降低(p0.05),而土壤速效养分均在夏秋含量最高(p0.05);(3)春季土壤微生物群落Evenness指数偏低(p0.05),夏季Richness指数明显增加(p0.05),Shannon-Wiener指数在夏秋两季明显高于其他季节(p0.05);(4)NMDS排序结果显示,夏秋两季分异于其他季节主要与土壤微生物群落Richness指数(r2=0.706 3,p=0.002)和速效磷(r2=0.615 7,p=0.005)有关;(5)低温季节影响土壤TPHs降解率的因素主要是土壤理化特性和土壤酶活性的叠加效应(54%),而夏秋两季土壤理化特性、土壤酶活性和土壤微生物特性三者的共同作用可解释土壤TPHs降解率变异的74%。[结论]土壤微生物群落Evenness指数和土壤酶活性偏低是造成春冬两季土壤TPHs降解率偏低,而土壤微生物群落ShannonWiener指数、Richness指数、速效磷含量和生物强化处理有效化水平是陇东地区夏秋两季土壤TPHs降解率明显增加的主要环境因素。  相似文献   

2.
不同土壤管理方式对梨园土壤微生物及养分含量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过田间试验研究不同土壤管理方式对梨园表层（0 ~ 20 cm）和亚表层土壤（20 ~ 40 cm）细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明：梨园土壤微生物数量具有垂直分布的特征,土壤微生物数量随土层的加深而递减。梨园表层和亚表层土壤中微生物数量均细菌最多,放线菌次之,真菌最少。与覆草1年相比较,覆草3年的梨园土壤除表层土壤细菌含量无显著差异外,表层和亚表层土壤中真菌和放线菌数量均显著增加。与自然生草、覆膜、常规灌溉处理相比较,覆草与覆膜结合能最大限度地增加土壤微生物数量。连续覆草3年显著提高了梨园土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,而覆膜处理使土壤速效养分含量下降,覆膜结合覆草处理能显著提高土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量。  相似文献   

3.
通过野外采样与室内分析,研究了不同定植年限下塔里木沙漠公路防护林人工绿地土壤微生物的变异规律及其与土壤物理和化学因子间的关系。结果表明:随林龄的增加,土壤微生物数量明显增加,土壤养分含量有所提高,土壤肥力状况明显改善;在土壤微生物的区系组成中,细菌为优势种,占微生物总数的80%以上,放线菌次之,而真菌最少,不到微生物总数的0.1%;土壤微生物数量受土壤环境因子的影响,其中土壤容重、总孔隙度、含水量、有机质和全氮、全磷、全钾及速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量与细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量均存在极显著相关关系;防护林建设后土壤颗粒逐渐细化。说明防护林的定植促进了咸水灌溉条件下风沙土的发育,土壤质量提高,利于植物的生长,塔里木沙漠公路防护林防风固沙效益明显。  相似文献   

4.
[目的]探索石油污染与土壤生物学及非生物学特性间相互关系,为陇东黄土高原地区石油污染土壤的综合治理提供基础数据和背景资料。[方法]采用常规方法测定甘肃省庆阳市5县,1区,8个采油区油污土壤化性质、酶活性和土壤微生物遗传多样性。[结果]土壤总石油烃含量(TPHs)与碱解氮、速效磷、pH值和脲酶呈负相关(p0.01),与土壤多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶呈正相关(p0.01);样地土壤TPHs含量低的土壤微生物Shannon-Wiener指数明显高于TPHs含量高的样地;NMDS排序结果显示,石油污染对该地区土壤影响最大的因子为土壤碱解氮和速效磷,其次为TPHs,pH值、脲酶、ShannonWiener指数及过氧化氢酶。[结论]陇东地区石油烃污染对土壤环境因子的影响主要表现在包括氮、磷等营养元素的有效循环、土壤脲酶活性和微生物群落多样性,而对土壤微生物群落丰富度、均匀度和速效钾的影响未达到显著水平。  相似文献   

5.
不同林龄杉木林地土壤特性分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
测定了1年、10年、18年、32年的杉木林地土壤微生物数量、化学性质、酶活性。结果表明:随着杉木林龄的增长,土壤pH降低,有机质含量增加,土壤中细菌、真菌、氨化细菌、微生物总量呈现"低-高-低"的趋势,放线菌数量变化未表现出明显趋势;水解氮、有效磷、有效钾从幼龄林到中龄林含量有所增加,中龄林以后降低,到成熟林时达到最低;蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶的活性从幼龄林到中龄林逐渐增强,而在中龄林之后开始下降。随着土层深度的增加,土壤中各种微生物数量、土壤pH、有机质含量、水解氮、速效磷、速效钾以及各种酶的活性均有所降低且趋势较明显。  相似文献   

6.
镜泊湖区4种主要森林类型的土壤养分状况和微生物特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
通过实地调查与试验分析,研究了镜泊湖区杨桦林、蒙古栎林、人工落叶松林和人工红松林的土壤养分状况和微生物特征。结果表明:杨桦林的土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、水解氮含量、全磷含量及速效磷含量均为最大,其土壤细菌数量、放线菌数量和微生物总量也最大;蒙古栎林的土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、水解氮含量、全磷含量、速效磷含量、细菌数量、放线菌数量、真菌数量和微生物总量均比杨桦林小,比人工落叶松林和人工红松林大;人工落叶松林和人工红松林,除真菌数量处于最高水平外,其土壤的养分状况、细菌数量、放线菌数量和微生物总量均为最小。杨桦林、蒙古栎林、人工落叶松林和人工红松林的有机质含量比例为633∶299∶294∶100,全氮含量比例为1013∶539∶331∶100,水解氮含量比例为868∶418∶310∶100,全磷含量比例为411∶279∶127∶100,速效磷含量比例为523∶220∶271∶100,微生物总量比例为180∶130∶103∶100。  相似文献   

7.
通过测定苹果与小麦间作条件下土壤养分及土壤生物活性的变化,探讨了种植方式对农田土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,土壤有机质、全磷及速效磷含量和几种主要土壤酶活性、微生物数量存在离树距内的空间变异。距树越近,有机质含量越高,全磷及速效磷含量越低;树冠区及近冠区几种主要水解酶和氧化酶活性显著受抑,且细菌、放线菌总数和解磷菌、纤维分解菌数量减少。  相似文献   

8.
大小兴安岭林区不同林型土壤养分综合评价   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
基于大小兴安岭地区主要林型野外采样数据,利用统计学方法分析了红松林、针阔混交林、白桦林、樟子松林和蒙古栎林土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾的垂直分布特征,并对土壤养分状况进行了综合评价.结果表明,不同林型土壤(0-40 cm)有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾养分含量差异显著.有机质、全氮、速效磷3种土壤养分的总体分布是白桦林、针阔混交林比较高,针叶林次之,蒙古栎林比较低;而速效钾含量以蒙古栎林、白桦林为最高,针阔混交林却比较低.用改进的内梅罗综合指数法进行综合评价,结果显示,大小兴安岭林区土壤有机质和全氮含量特别丰富,速效磷含量为中等至较丰富,不同林型土壤养分总体处于良偏优水平,但速效钾比较缺乏,成为该林区土壤质量的主要限制因素.  相似文献   

9.
苹果与小麦间作对土壤养分状况及生物活性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过测定苹果与小麦间作条件下土壤养分及土壤生物活性的变化，探讨了种植方式对农田土壤肥力的影响。结果表明，土壤有机质、全磷及速效磷含量和几种主要土壤酶活性、微生物数量存在离树距内的空间变异。距树越近，有机质含量越高，全磷及速效磷含量越低；树冠区及近冠区几种主要水解酶和氧化酶活性显著受抑，且细菌、放线菌总数和解磷菌、纤维分解菌数量减少。  相似文献   

10.
不同培肥方式对西藏中部退化土壤微生物的影响研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
试验研究不同培肥方式对西藏自治区中部退化土壤微生物的影响结果表明 ,施用有机肥 ,特别是化肥与有机肥配施对土壤微生物和动物 (蚯蚓 )有重要影响 ;土壤pH值为 5 .91～ 6 .0 2内土壤细菌与有机质含量呈显著正相关 ,并在土壤微生物数量构成中占绝对优势 ,对作物N、P营养有较大贡献 ,土壤真菌亦呈此趋势 ;土壤放线菌则与土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷含量呈负相关。  相似文献   

11.
Soil erosion is the main process leading to soil degradation on the Loess Plateau of China. The effects of soil‐erosion intensity (sheet, rill, and gully erosion) and different land use (140 y–old secondary forest site, 16 y–old bare site, 6 y–old succession site, and 43 y–old arable site) on gross and net N mineralization, soil organic‐carbon (SOC) turnover, the size and structure of the soil microbial community (phospholipid fatty acid analysis) were assessed. Erosion intensity in the bare plot increased from top slope (sheet erosion) to down slope (gully erosion). The more severe the soil erosion the stronger was the decline of SOC, total N, and microbial biomass (MB). The MBC/SOC ratio decreased whereas the metabolic quotient (qCO2) increased. Differences in nutrient turnover in the different erosion zones of the bare plot were not significant. The microbial community changed towards less Gram negative bacteria and relative more fungi in the gully‐erosion zone. In forest soils, qCO2 and the MBC/SOC ratio demonstrate a higher substrate‐use efficiency of the microbial biomass than in bare soils. Gross N mineralization and gross NH consumption clearly indicated a higher microbial activity in forest than in bare soils. Arable land use shifted the soil microbial community towards a higher relative abundance of fungi and a lower one of actinomycetes. During 6 y of natural succession on former bare plots, soil nutrient content and turnover as well as microbial biomass and structure developed towards forest conditions.  相似文献   

12.
Poor soil fertility remains a threat to crop production and livelihoods in the Sahel. Understanding the impacts of proposed soil fertility management technologies on soil fertility status and millet yield is essential. We conducted a 2-year experiment to assess changes in selected physical properties of an Arenosol and their impacts on millet yields at Karabedji, Niger. Treatments consisted of four fertilizer rates applied on top and bottom farm types selected from a long-term experiment. Mixed-model analyses indicated considerable effects (P = 0.055) of fertilizer rates and farm types on soil structural stability being higher in the top farm than in the bottom farm type. Dexter’s soil physical quality index (S) varied significantly with soil depth. A significant correlation (R2 = 0.24) was found between the aggregate stability index and S. Plant available water recorded in fertilizer-treated soil was higher than the control and higher on the top farm than in the bottom farm. Fertilizer rates and farm types influenced millet yields. Moreover, we obtained positive relationships between millet yield and soil aggregate stability, and plant available water, thereby elucidating the significant role played by soil physical properties in influencing crop yields. S can be a simple way for assessing the physical quality of Sahelian sandy soil.  相似文献   

13.
辽河油田污染土壤石油总烃垂直分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以不同开采年限的新老井场为研究对象,以未污染的苇田作为对照,开展了辽河油田土壤石油烃垂直分布特征研究。结果表明,由于含盐泥浆、含油废水和残油渣油泥等在井场开发过程中进入土壤,使井场土壤石油总烃含量(TPHs)显著高于对照,且老井场的污染程度重于新井场。新老井场污染土壤均表现为土壤TPHs含量随剖面深度增加而降低的趋势。  相似文献   

14.
根据国家土壤环境质量标准,选取重金属Cd含量为二级水平的4类土壤（红壤、 潮土、 土、 黑土）进行土培试验,研究再生水灌溉与小白菜生物量及Cd含量、 土壤有效态Cd含量、 pH、 微生物群落的关系,以及不同类型土壤间的差异性。结果表明, 再生水灌溉在不同类型土壤上对小白菜生物量及Cd含量、 土壤有效态Cd含量、 土壤pH和微生物数量的影响不同: 1）红壤、 潮土、 土上小白菜生物量增加显著,分别增加9.09%、 16.08%、 9.92%,黑土上增加不显著; 2）小白菜Cd含量在红壤上显著降低,由对照的0.29 mg/kg降低到0.22 mg/kg,在黑土上比对照增加了18.75%,在潮土和土上影响不大; 3）有效态Cd含量在红壤没有变化,但在潮土、 土、 黑土上增加显著; 4） 4类土壤微生物数量增加显著; 5）潮土、 土、 黑土的pH值有所降低。  相似文献   

15.
Research on oil residuals in lowland forest soil was carried out in 6 sample plots in the lowland forest ecosystem located in an oil field. Four plots were differently affected in terms of discharged oil and the time lapsed after the accident, as well as in terms of micro-relief terrain features. One plot was established in a reclaimed mud ditch site, while the control plot was set up in a micro-relief elevation outside the influence of oil pollution. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations were measured at three soil depths at the beginning and the end of the vegetation period. The analysis of the results revealed significant differences in petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations among the sites. Increased TPH concentrations were recorded in several plots, while the values measured in some other plots indicated very low quantities of residual TPH in the soil. The highest average TPH concentrations (200–400 mg kg1) were recorded in the mud ditch site. In one of the plots exposed to oil pollution after an oil pipe rupture, there was the constant presence of increased TPH concentration in the surface soil part (≥200 mg kg1 on average). The sporadic presence of increased TPH concentrations in micro-depressions that cannot be attributed to a local accident indicates seasonal soil pollution with petroleum carbohydrates from floodwater. The soil in the sample plots is not contaminated with soluble salts or heavy metals. Low values of TPH concentrations in the soil water eluate indicate that the soil does not represent a source of hydrospheric pollution with petrol hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

16.
Summary An investigation was conducted during the summer months of 1986–1987 and 1987–1988 in Western Australia to evaluate the effect of soil solarization on the control of root rot of gerbera an also on the microbial and nutrient status of the soil. Infested soil cores were sampled from a site where root-rot was a severe problem and were removed to a non-infested site where they were subjected to soil solarization or fumigation. Soil solarization resulted in reduced root rot (root disease index 28.6%) in comparison to the untreated control (52.0%) 8 months after planting. Plants in the fumigated plots had 15.8% less disease than those in solarized plots. Solarization increased the total numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes, and the proportion of bacteria and fungi antogonistic to Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and Rhizoctonia solani. The proportion of actinomycetes antagonistic to these fungi, however, did not differ between solarized and control soil treatments. There was a significant reduction in disease in plants grown in infested fumigated soil to which a 10% concentration of solarized soil had been added, suggesting the development of microbial suppression in solarized soil. Phytophthora cryptogea was eradicated to 30 cm by solarization as well as by fumigation. Solarization eliminated R. solani but not F. oxysporum to a soil depth of 10 cm. Solarization increased the levels of NO n3 – -N and NH4 +-N in soil, but did not affect the concentrations of PO4 3–, K+, Fe2+, organic C and pH. Yield (as number of flowers per plant) was increased by soil solarization and by fumigation.Increased yields and decreased disease severity in the solarized plots could have been caused by (1) a reduction in the infectivity of the infested soils, (2) an increase in the suppressiveness of the soil, and (3) an increased available of plant nutrients.  相似文献   

17.
加速土壤侵蚀对养分流失的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
ZHENG Fen-Li 《土壤圈》2005,15(6):707-715
Soil erosion and nutrient losses on newly-deforested lands in the Ziwuling Region on the Loess Plateau of China were monitored to quantitatively evaluate the effects of accelerated soil erosion, caused by deforestation, on organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus losses. Eight natural runoff plots were established on the loessial hill slopes representing different erosion patterns of dominant erosion processes including sheet, rill and shallow gully （similar to ephemeral gully）. Sediment samples were collected after each erosive rainfall event. Results showed that soil nutrients losses increased with an increase of erosion intensity. Linear relations between the losses of organic matter, total N, NH4-N, and available P and erosion intensity were found. Nutrient content per unit amount of eroded sediment decreased from the sheet to the shallow gully erosion zones, whereas total nutrient loss increased. Compared with topsoil, nutrients in eroded sediment were enriched, especially available P and NH4-N. The intensity of soil nutrient losses was also closely related to soil erosion intensity and pattern with the most severe soil erosion and nutrient loss occurring in the shallow gully channels on loessial hill slopes. These research findings will help to improve the understanding of the relation between accelerated erosion process after deforestation and soil quality degradation and to design better eco-environmental rehabilitation schemes for the Loess Plateau.  相似文献   

18.
微地形对高寒草地土壤有机碳及氮含量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
[目的]系统分析高寒草地不同微地形条件下土壤有机碳及氮含量的变化规律,为高寒地区合理利用草地提供理论参考。[方法]在天祝高寒草地区选取7类不同微地形作为研究对象,测定其表层(0—30cm)土壤有机碳及氮含量。[结果]随着土层深度的增加,位于坡底平地,土壤全氮和铵态氮含量呈减小的趋势,位于阴坡不同坡位,土壤全氮含量呈"V"型变化,土壤铵态氮呈减小的趋势,位于阳坡不同坡位,土壤全氮含量呈减小的趋势,土壤铵态氮含量呈先增大后减小的趋势;所有微地形中,随着土层深度的增加,土壤有机碳含量呈减小的趋势;随着土层深度的增加,坡底平地,中坡阳面和中坡阴面微地形中,土壤水解氮含量呈减小的趋势,下坡阳面和下坡阴面微地形中,土壤水解氮含量呈先减小后增大的趋势,上坡阳面和上坡阴面微地形中,土壤水解氮含量呈先增大后减小的趋势。土壤表层全氮、水解氮、有机碳的含量的变化为:下坡位上坡位中坡位,而铵态氮的含量呈现先减小后增大的趋势。[结论]地形的微变化明显影响土壤氮有机碳和素的含量。  相似文献   

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