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1.
Harshida GAMIT Natarajan AMARESAN 《土壤圈》2023,33(1):49-60
Abiotic stresses are a significant factor that considerably limits plant growth and productivity. Methylotrophs are an essential group of bacteria that utilize volatile carbon compounds, are prolific colonizers of different plant parts, and play a vital role in plant growth promotion(PGP) under stress conditions.Numerous rhizospheric and phyllosphere methylotrophs have been reported to exhibit PGP activities with superior stress-tolerating capacity against drought,heavy metal, salinity, high and... 相似文献
2.
Drought and heat are major environmental stresses that continually influence plant growth and development. Under field conditions, these stresses occur more frequently in combination than alone, which magnifies corresponding detrimental effects on the growth and productivity of agriculturally important crops. Plant responses to such abiotic stresses are quite complex and manifested in a range of developmental, molecular, and physiological modifications that lead either to stress sensitivity or tolerance/resistance. Maize (Zea mays L.) is known for its sensitivity to abiotic stresses, which often results in substantial loss in crop productivity. Bioaugmentation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of drought and heat stresses on plants. Hence, this is considered a promising and eco-friendly strategy to ensure sustainable and long-term maize production under adverse climatic conditions. These microorganisms possess various plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics that can induce drought and heat tolerance in maize plants by directly or indirectly influencing molecular, metabolic, and physiological stress responses of plants. This review aims to assess the current knowledge regarding the ability of PGPR to induce drought and heat stress tolerance in maize plants. Furthermore, the drought and heat stress-induced expression of drought and heat stress response genes for this crop is discussed with the mechanisms through which PGPR alter maize stress response gene expression. 相似文献
3.
Simranjeet Kaur Navneet Kaur Kadambot H. M. Siddique 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(7):905-920
The beneficial elements are not deemed essential for all crops but may be vital for particular plant taxa. The distinction between beneficial and essential is often difficult in the case of some trace elements. Elements such as aluminium (Al), cobalt (Co), sodium (Na), selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) are considered beneficial for plants. These elements are not critical for all plants but may improve plant growth and yield. Pertinently, beneficial elements reportedly enhance resistance to abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, high temperature, cold, UV stress, and nutrient toxicity or deficiency) and biotic stresses (pathogens and herbivores) at their low levels. However, the essential-to-lethal range for these elements is somewhat narrow. The effect of beneficial elements at low levels deserves more attention with regard to using them to fertilize crops to boost crop production under stress and to enhance plant nutritional value as a feed or food. A more holistic approach to plant nutrition would not only be restricted to nutrients essential to survival but would also include mineral elements at levels beneficial for best growth. Here, we describe the uptake mechanisms of various beneficial elements, their favourable aspects, and the role of these elements in conferring tolerance against abiotic and biotic stresses. 相似文献
4.
环境胁迫对植物的生长发育造成重大影响,因此,提高植物的抗逆性是农业面临的重要问题。自然界中存在多种抗逆基因,如抗盐基因、抗旱基因、抗寒基因等。利用植物基因工程和分子生物学技术提高植物对逆境的适应性及其抗逆分子机制的研究已成为当今热点。WRKY转录因子是一类参与多种胁迫反应的诱导型转录因子,本文综述了WRKY转录因子家族的结构特点、WRKY转录因子在非生物胁迫（高温、低温、干旱、盐）、外源物质（激素及O3）处理及生物胁迫下的表达模式。各种胁迫下的表达谱均呈现不同特点,这些差异表达可能与它们所行使的不同生物学功能有关。 相似文献
5.
With the continuous increase in human population,there is widespread usage of chemical fertilizers that are responsible for introducing abiotic stresses in agricultural crop lands.Abiotic stresses are major constraints for crop yield and global food security and therefore require an immediate response.The implementation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)into the agricultural production system can be a profitable alternative because of its efficiency in plant growth regulation and abiotic stress management.These bacteria have the potential to promote plant growth and to aid in the management of plant diseases and abiotic stresses in the soil through production of bacterial phytohormones and associated metabolites as well as through significant root morphological changes.These changes result in improved plant-water relations and nutritional status in plants and stimulate plants’defensive mechanisms to overcome unfavorable environmental conditions.Here,we describe the significance of plant-microbe interactions,highlighting the role of PGPR,bacterial phytohormones,and bacterial metabolites in relieving abiotic environmental stress in soil.Further research is necessary to gather in-depth knowledge on PGPR-associated mechanisms and plant-microbe interactions in order to pave a way for field-scale application of beneficial rhizobacteria,with the aim of building a healthy and sustainable agricultural system.Therefore,this review aims to emphasize the role of PGPR in growth promotion and management of abiotic soil stress with the goal of developing an eco-friendly and cost-effective strategy for future agricultural sustainability. 相似文献
6.
Soil salinity diminishes soil health and reduces crop yield, which is becoming a major global concern. Salinity stress is one of the primary stresses, leading to several other secondary stresses that restrict plant growth and soil fertility. The major secondary stresses induced in plants under saline-alkaline conditions include osmotic stress, nutrient limitation, and ionic stress, all of which negatively impact overall plant growth. Under stressed conditions, certain beneficial soil microflora ... 相似文献
7.
Hera NADEEM Amir KHAN Rishil GUPTA Mohamed HASHEM Saad ALAMRI Mansoor Ahmad SIDDIQUI Faheem AHMAD 《土壤圈》2023,33(2):287-300
Plants in their natural environment are constantly subjected to various abiotic and biotic stressors and, therefore, have developed several defense mechanisms to maintain fitness. Stress responses are intricate and require various physiological, biochemical, and cellular changes in plants. The reaction mechanisms in plants subjected to drought, salinity, or heat stress alone have been explained in numerous studies. However, the field conditions are significantly different from the controlled lab... 相似文献
8.
不同春小麦品种耐低磷性评价及种质筛选 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
筛选磷高效作物是充分利用土壤磷素和减少磷肥施用量的重要手段。本研究以162份春小麦种质资源为材料,对其苗期的株高、总根长、根表面积等8个指标的耐低磷系数进行分析,采用隶属函数法综合评价春小麦苗期的耐低磷特性,初步筛选耐低磷材料,并进一步进行成株期的耐低磷特性鉴定,筛选出耐低磷材料和磷敏感材料,分析其在低磷下酸性磷酸酶的活性变化。结果表明,低磷胁迫下春小麦材料苗期和成株期的各性状均受到不同程度的影响,并随着胁迫程度的增加,小麦生长受抑制程度增强。通过主成分分析将苗期8个指标转化成4个综合指标(累计贡献率为82.60%),将成株期的10个指标转化为3个综合指标(累计贡献率为83.23%);采用隶属函数法计算耐低磷综合评价值(D)值,对D值进行聚类分析,将苗期的162份春小麦种质资源划分为耐低磷型(10份)、较耐低磷型(26份)、低磷较敏感型(91份)、低磷敏感型(35份)4类。选取耐低磷型材料(5份)和低磷敏感型材料(4份),进一步进行成株期鉴定,最终筛选1份耐低磷材料wp-35和1份磷敏感材料wp-119。通过分析其酸性磷酸酶活性,发现在低磷胁迫下春小麦根系和叶片中的酸性磷酸酶活性均升高,且耐低磷材料的酸性磷酸酶活性高于磷敏感材料。本研究结果可为解析春小麦耐低磷特性、培育耐低磷品种提供种质资源和理论依据。 相似文献
9.
There is a growing body of evidence that demonstrates the potential of various microbes to enhance plant productivity and yield in cropping systems. Realizing the potential of beneficial microbes requires an understanding of the role of microbes in growth promotion, particularly in terms of fertilization and disease control, the underlying mechanisms and the challenges in application and commercialization of plant growth-promoting (PGP) microbes. This review focuses specifically on the use of PGP microbes in the cotton industry and summarizes the commercial bioinoculant products currently available for cotton; highlighting factors that must be considered for future development of PGP microbial products for the cotton industry. Given the paucity of information on beneficial microbes for cotton production systems in comparison to those for other cropping systems (e.g. legumes and grains), a snapshot of the current research is critical in light of the increased interest in cotton inoculants, mainly in developing countries such as India, and the overall increased interest in PGP applications as part of promoting sustainable agriculture. 相似文献
10.
[目的]γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)可增强作物品质和抗逆性,但其效果是否受植株根系耐盐性的影响尚不明确。因此,研究添加外源GABA对不同耐盐性番茄嫁接苗的生理调节机制及生长的影响,为小分子氨基酸在蔬菜生产中的应用提供理论依据。[方法]以耐盐性较强的砧用番茄‘OZ-006’为砧木、对盐分较敏感的‘中杂9号’为接穗形成的嫁接苗(RS)为材料,以‘中杂9号’自嫁接苗(SS)为对照材料,进行无土营养液栽培试验。以Hoagland营养液为基础,以调节NaCl浓度至175 mmol/L形成的盐胁迫条件作为对照(CK),在CK基础上设置添加5 mmol/L GABA处理(+G)。从处理后3天起,测定了幼苗生长、Na+积累、氨基酸含量及活性氧代谢指标。[结果]随着NaCl胁迫时间的延长,SS和RS幼苗均显著受到盐胁迫伤害,但RS幼苗盐害指数及Na+含量显著低于SS幼苗,其生长速率、叶绿素含量及氨基酸含量显著高于SS幼苗,其O2·-和MDA含量显著低于SS幼苗,表现为耐盐性显著高于SS幼苗。添加外源GABA后,SS和RS幼苗的鲜重、生长速率、叶绿素及氨基酸(GABA、谷氨酸和脯氨酸)含量、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性均显著提高,根系和叶片内Na+含量、O2·-产生速率及MDA含量均显著降低,且SS幼苗耐盐性提高的效果大于RS幼苗。[结论]盐胁迫显著影响番茄幼苗的生长,尤其对耐盐性弱的品种生长抑制更加显著。γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)可有效提高番茄嫁接苗的耐盐性,主要原因在于GABA为幼苗提供了氮素营养,促进了盐胁迫下植物的生长和叶绿素的合成,同时GABA诱导细胞内多种氨基酸含量上升,叶片渗透调节能力增强,从而抑制了Na+过量积累,缓解了细胞内活性氧积累带来的膜伤害。此外,GABA添加对耐盐性弱的番茄嫁接苗耐盐性的提升效果比对耐盐性强的番茄嫁接苗更加明显。因此,在盐胁迫条件下,施用外源小分子氨基酸(如GABA)可能是提高作物耐盐能力的有效措施。 相似文献
11.
Salinity is one of the most important growth-limiting factors for most crops in arid and semi-arid regions; however, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from saline soils could reduce the effects of saline stress in crops. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), isolated from the rhizosphere of halophile plants, for the growth, Na+/K+ balance, ethylene emission, and gene expression of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under saline conditions (100 mmol L-1 NaCl) for 14 d. A total of 118 isolates obtained from saline soils of the deserts of Iran were tested for their capacity as PGPRs. Out of the 118 isolates, 17 could solubilize phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2), 5 could produce siderophores, and 16 could synthesize indole-3-acetic acid. Additionally, PGPRs were also evaluated for aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of 28 PGPR isolates to promote growth, regulate Na+/K+ balance, and decrease ethylene emissions in plants. The most efficient PGPRs were Arthrobacter aurescens, Bacillus atrophaeus, Enterobacter asburiae, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Gene expression analysis revealed the up-regulation of H+-PPase, HKT1, NHX7, CAT, and APX expression in roots of Enterobacter-inoculated salt-stressed plants. Salt-tolerant rhizobacteria exhibiting plant growth-promoting traits can facilitate the growth of wheat plants under saline conditions. Our results indicate that the isolation of these bacteria may be useful for formulating new inoculants to improve wheat cropping systems in saline soils. 相似文献
12.
Ramazan Çakmakçı 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(13-14):1680-1690
The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as agricultural inputs for increasing crop production needs the selection of efficient bacteria with plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 20 multi-traits bacteria on tea growth, nutrient uptake, chlorophyll contents, and enzyme activities under field conditions for over 3 years. These isolates were screened in vitro for their PGP traits such as the production of indole acetic acid (IAA), nitrogenase activity, phosphorus (P) solubilization, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. Screening of rhizobacteria that show multiple PGP traits suggests that they stimulated overall plant growth, including shoot development and leaf yield, improving macro- and micro-nutrient uptake, chlorophyll contents, and activities of enzymes of tea plant. Use of strains with multiple PGP traits could be a more effective approach and have great potential for the environmentally-friendly tea production. 相似文献
13.
Navneet Kaur Shuchi Sharma Simranjeet Kaur 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1593-1624
Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for animals, humans, and microorganisms, but its role in the plants needs further exploration. It is considered beneficial at low levels, but is toxic at higher levels, and there is a fine boundary between these concentrations. Generally, Se levels less than 1 mg kg?1 have been found to be beneficial for the plants while higher levels cause toxicity in most of the agricultural crops. At low concentrations, Se can act as a plant growth regulator, antioxidant, anti-senescent, abiotic stress modulator, and defensive molecule against pathogens in plants. At higher concentrations, plants show various toxic symptoms, which include stunting of growth, chlorosis, withering, and drying of leaves, decreased protein synthesis premature and even death of the plant. The roles of selenium as enhancer and inhibitor of plant growth in various agricultural crops are discussed here with recent updates. Biofortification of some crops with Se using agronomic and genetic approaches is being explored to cultivate them in the regions having Se-deficiency in foods. Strategies of phytoremediation of Se in hyperaccumulators and transgenic plants overexpressing enzyme/proteins to increase Se tolerance are also described. 相似文献
14.
Soil salinization affecting different crops is one of the serious threats to global food security.Soil salinity affects 20%and 33%of the total cultivated and irrigated agricultural lands,respectively,and has been reported to caused a global crop production loss of 27.3 billion USD.The conventional approaches,such as using salt-tolerant varieties,saline soil scrapping,flushing,leaching,and adding supplements (e.g.,gypsum and lime),often fail to alleviate stress.In this context,developing diverse arrays of microbes enhancing crop productivity under saline soil conditions without harming soil health is necessary.Various advanced omics approaches have enabled gaining new insights into the structure and metabolic functions of plant-associated beneficial microbes.Various genera of salt-tolerating rhizobacteria ameliorating biotic and abiotic stresses have been isolated from different legumes,cereals,vegetables,and oil seeds under extreme alkaline and saline soil conditions.Rapid progress in rhizosphere microbiome research has revived the belief that plants may be more benefited from their association with interacting diverse microbial communities as compared with individual members in a community.In the last decade,several salt-tolerating plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that improve crop production under salt stress have been exploited for the reclamation of saline agrosystems.This review highlights that the interaction of salt-tolerating microbes with plants improves crop productivity under salinity stress along with potential salt tolerance mechanisms involved and will open new avenues for capitalizing on cultivable diverse microbial communities to strengthen plant salt tolerance and,thus,to refine agricultural practices and production under saline conditions. 相似文献
15.
Soil salinity, drought, metal toxicity, and ultraviolet-B radiation were major abiotic stresses that limit plant growth and productivity by disrupting the plants' cellular ionic and osmotic balance; legumes, a diverse plant family, suffered from these abiotic stresses. Although silicon (Si) is generally considered non-essential for plant growth and development, Si uptake by plants could facilitate plant growth by reducing biotic and abiotic stresses. There is however, a lack of systematic study on Si uptake benefits and mechanism on legumes because legumes reject Si uptake. Here, we reviewed the beneficial role of Si in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in legumes and highlighted the mechanisms through which Si could improve abiotic stress tolerance in legumes. Future research needs for Si mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in legumes are also discussed. 相似文献
16.
MicroRNA（miRNA）在生物中广泛存在,在调控植物生长和发育方面起重要作用。多种非生物逆境会影响植物生长,不同逆境胁迫还会使植物相应的miRNA诱导或下调表达,有时一种miRNA会同时受几种逆境胁迫影响。本文综述了植物中参与温度、水分、盐、养分、氧化、ABA、重金属及其它非生物逆境胁迫的miRNA及其作用机制的研究进展。 相似文献
17.
一氧化氮在植物发育及植物–微生物互作中的作用机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
一氧化氮 (NO) 作为高活性信号分子,是调控植物生长发育的关键因子。NO可提高植物对非生物胁迫及生物胁迫的抗性,增强植物的免疫能力。最新的研究表明,NO在植物根系与微生物的互作过程中发挥着重要作用,NO能够促进植物根系与根瘤菌及丛枝菌根真菌形成共生体,从而提高植物对土壤氮磷养分的获取。NO作为信号物质调控植物对生物胁迫和非生物胁迫抗性的主要机制有:1) NO与活性氧系统互作,调节活性氧的水平,缓解氧化应激反应对植物的伤害;2) NO通过蛋白质的翻译后修饰,对植物免疫及抗逆过程进行调节;3) NO与多种植物激素互作,参与激素对植物生长发育的调节过程。而且NO可促进共生体的形成及发育相关基因表达,抑制免疫基因表达,通过NO与植物球蛋白 (phytoglobin) 的循环维持共生体的氧化还原水平及能量状态,从而促进植物–微生物共生关系。以往关于NO的研究主要集中在前3个方面,有关NO在植物–微生物互作中的作用机制的研究较少,NO参与植物–微生物互作机制的研究亟待加强。揭示NO增强植物抗逆性及其调节根系发育的机制,深入探究NO调控植物–微生物互作的机理,对于提高集约化作物生产体系中养分利用效率和作物生产力具有重要的理论与实践意义。 相似文献
18.
Debasis MITRA Rittick MONDAL Bahman KHOSHRU Ansuman SENAPATI T. K. RADHA Bhaswatimayee MAHAKUR Navendra UNIYAL Ei Mon MYO Hanane BOUTAJ Beatriz Elena GUERRA SIERRA Periyasamy PANNEERSELVAM Arakalagud Nanjundaiah GANESHAMURTHY Sne&#;ana AN&#;ELKOVI&#; Tanja VASI&#; Anju RANI Subhadeep DUTTA Pradeep K. DAS MOHAPATRA 《土壤圈》2022,32(1):149-170
Agricultural areas of land are deteriorating every day owing to population increase, rapid urbanization, and industrialization. To feed today’s huge populations, increased crop production is required from smaller areas, which warrants the continuous application of high doses of inorganic fertilizers to agricultural land. These cause damage to soil health and, therefore, nutrient imbalance conditions in arable soils. Under these conditions, the benefits of microbial inoculants (such as Actinobacteria) as replacements for harmful chemicals and promoting ecofriendly sustainable farming practices have been made clear through recent technological advances. There are multifunctional traits involved in the production of different types of bioactive compounds responsible for plant growth promotion, and the biocontrol of phytopathogens has reduced the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. There are some well-known groups of nitrogen-fixing Actinobacteria, such as Frankia, which undergo mutualism with plants and offer enhanced symbiotic trade-offs.In addition to nitrogen fixation, increasing availability of major plant nutrients in soil due to the solubilization of immobilized forms of phosphorus and potassium compounds, production of phytohormones, such as indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-pyruvic acid, gibberellins, and cytokinins, improving organic matter decomposition by releasing cellulases, xylanase, glucanases, lipases, and proteases, and suppression of soil-borne pathogens by the production of siderophores, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and chitinase are important features of Actinobacteria useful for combating biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.The positive influence of Actinobacteria on soil fertility and plant health has motivated us to compile this review of important findings associated with sustaining plant productivity in the long run. 相似文献
19.
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17-18):2399-2408
Abstract Manganese (Mn) tolerance response in two aluminum (Al)‐tolerant triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) varieties was characterized by measurements of growth and dry matter production of seedlings in nutrient solution culture containing 100 mg L‐1 Mn. Root weight index (RWI) and total weight index (TWI) based on relative plant growth were two indicators of differentiating genotypic Mn tolerance; these two indices were used to make a comparative assessment of the degree of Mn tolerance in a group of eight Australian and South African genotypes which differ in apparent Al tolerance. The G4–95A was more Mn‐tolerant than its Al‐tolerant counterpart Tahara. A wide range of Mn tolerance was found in the eight genotypes, but few were tolerant of both Al and Mn stresses; measurements of RWI at 100 mg L‐1 Mn stress differentiated them into three response types (i.e., Mn‐tolerant, moderately Mn‐tolerant/Mn‐sensitive, and Mn‐sensitive) at the two critical values of 0.30 and 0.60. Covariation analysis indicated no association between Mn tolerance and Al tolerance; selective breeding for acidic stress tolerance should focus on both stress tolerances. 相似文献