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1.
水杨酸处理对干旱胁迫下丹参幼苗抗氧化能力的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以丹参幼苗为试验材料,研究了叶面喷施0.75 mmol/L的水杨酸(SA)对干旱胁迫下丹参幼苗相对含水量、电解质渗漏率、H2O2和丙二醛含量、4种抗氧化酶活性等生理指标的影响。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的进行,丹参幼苗叶片相对含水量降低,H2O2含量增加,电解质渗漏率和丙二醛含量升高,水杨酸处理则延缓了这些参数变化;尽管SA处理后,CAT、APX活性暂时降低,但在随后的胁迫过程中,丹参幼苗叶片SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性显著高于对照。由此可知:水杨酸处理提高了丹参幼苗抗氧化酶活性,增强了植株对干旱胁迫的抵抗能力。 相似文献
2.
利用20%的PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫,同时用不同浓度（0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mmol·L-1）的水杨酸(SA)喷施幼苗,研究了不同浓度水杨酸处理对干旱胁迫下野生龙葵幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：干旱胁迫下,龙葵幼苗植株变矮、鲜重降低、根长缩短,叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量减少,抗氧化酶活性、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量增加;经SA处理干旱胁迫下龙葵幼苗株高、根长和鲜重都有明显增加,特别是1.5 mmol·L-1 SA处理组分别增加20.8%、28.0%和29.7%,1.5 mmol·L-1 SA处理组龙葵幼苗叶绿素含量提高31.9%、脯氨酸含量提高65.4%,可溶性蛋白含量提高42.8%,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）与过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性达到最高,与对照相比分别增加了30.2%、87.8%和50.3%;SA处理使丙二醛（MDA）含量降低了37.8%。综合来看,适当浓度的SA可以缓解干旱对龙葵幼苗造成的伤害,并以1.5 mmol·L-1外源SA缓解效果最好。 相似文献
3.
为了筛选培育棉花抗旱性的有用指标,利用聚乙二醇(PEG6000)模拟干旱,对不同类型棉花苗期干旱处理响应进行了评价。基质育苗后,采用5种不同浓度聚乙二醇胁迫棉花幼苗,7 d后测定叶片的叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,比较过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的差异,结果表明:棉花苗期在不同浓度PEG胁迫下,叶绿素含量在5%的PEG胁迫下,表现含量略升高,高于10%PEG浓度胁迫,叶绿素含量呈现下降的趋势;可溶性糖在10%~25%的PEG胁迫下表现高的含量;可溶性蛋白在5%PEG胁迫时,其含量开始增加并高于对照;游离脯氨酸含量表现为随着胁迫浓度的加大而升高,抗旱、抗盐品种增加的量高于敏感材料;丙二醛含量亦表现为随着胁迫浓度的加大而升高,在5%~15%的范围内,抗旱抗盐品种升高幅度低于敏感材料,在20%,25%的高浓度胁迫下,三种材料的差别很小;三种抗氧保护酶活性在不同材料不同胁迫浓度中表现出差异,POD酶活性在5%PEG干旱胁迫时即表现出上升趋势,在10%、15%胁迫浓度时达到最高值;SOD酶活性在5%的胁迫下高于对照,随着10%、15%、20%PEG浓度逐渐增高,SOD酶活性均表现稳定的高活性;CAT酶活性在5%、10%PEG胁迫时呈现增高趋势,在15%以上的PEG胁迫时活性迅速下降。由此认为,叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量可能是干旱胁迫下的植株被动响应的指标,可溶性糖合成可能是一种重要渗透调节方式;在不同干旱级别中不同抗氧保护酶在起主导作用,SOD酶可能是较好的抗旱性选择指标。 相似文献
4.
为探明外源水杨酸对干旱胁迫下藜麦生理效应及产量的影响,以陇藜1号为试验材料,采用盆栽方法,分别在正常供水(W1)、中度干旱(W2)和重度干旱(W3)3个水分梯度下喷施不同浓度水杨酸(S0(0mmol/L)、S1(0.1mmol/L)、S2(0.5mmol/L)、S3(1mmol/L)),通过测定藜麦的生理指标和产量构成因素,预筛选出能够有效缓解干旱胁迫的最佳水杨酸浓度,以期为藜麦的优质发育提供理论依据。结果表明：1)随着干旱程度的加深,藜麦叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、根系活力、SOD活性、POD活性以及可溶性蛋白含量逐渐降低,MDA、可溶性糖含量逐渐上升,藜麦产量有所下降。2)相同水分梯度下喷施不同浓度水杨酸后,藜麦顶穗粒数、顶穗小穗数、有效分枝数、籽粒产量、千粒质量随水杨酸浓度的升高呈先升后降的趋势,均在喷施0.5mmol/L水杨酸处理下效果最好。3)在中度、重度干旱胁迫下,喷施0.5mmol/L水杨酸显著提高了藜麦叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量,促进了光合作用并改善了植物生长状态。同时MDA活性分别降低了40.91%、27.65%,可溶性糖含量分别降低了26.03%、23.18%,有效... 相似文献
5.
外源一氧化氮对干旱胁迫下苜蓿幼苗抗氧化酶活性和叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
外源一氧化氮(NO)处理苜蓿幼苗,进行不同土壤含水量条件的干旱胁迫,探讨外源NO对提高苜蓿幼苗抗旱性的作用,结果表明:0.1 mmol/L硝普钠(SNP)减缓干旱胁迫下苜蓿幼苗细胞膜透性的增加,使过氧化氢酶(CAT)先升后降,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性持续升高,减缓叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo的降低,表明外源NO处理提高了苜蓿的抗旱性。 相似文献
6.
外源亚精胺对干旱胁迫下番茄幼苗碳水化合物代谢及相关酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以耐旱性不同的2个品种番茄(‘毛粉802’和‘皇冠’)为试材,采用营养液栽培,研究了7.5%聚乙二醇(PEG)模拟的干旱胁迫下喷施外源亚精胺(Spd)对番茄幼苗植株碳水化合物代谢及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,外源Spd处理不同程度地提高了干旱胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖的含量,增加了叶片中蔗糖合成酶(SS)、磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)活性,降低了叶片中淀粉含量。Spd通过促进幼苗叶片内糖类的转换和利用,进而影响碳水化合物含量,参与了干旱胁迫下番茄幼苗碳水化合物的代谢过程,促进了幼苗形成新的代谢平衡,表明幼苗体内碳水化合物代谢与多胺之间关系密切。 相似文献
7.
盐旱胁迫下侧柏幼苗的生理响应及水杨酸的调控作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)幼苗为材料,采用根灌外施水杨酸的方式,探讨盐(200mM NaCl)旱(15%PEG6000)胁迫下侧柏幼苗的生长、叶绿素、活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质含量的响应变化以及水杨酸(0.5mM SA)对其的调控。结果显示:NaCl、PEG6000和NaCl+PEG6000三种胁迫处理抑制了侧柏幼苗的生长、叶绿素、抗氧化物酶(SOD和POD)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著增加,可溶性蛋白则降低,且均表现为复合胁迫介于单一胁迫之间,除GSH外,影响程度均为NaCl>NaCl+PEG>PEG;外施低浓度0.5mM水杨酸可提高侧柏幼苗的生长、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性和GSH含量、渗透调节物质含量,并降低了H_2O_2和MDA积累。研究发现,盐旱复合胁迫对侧柏幼苗生理特性的影响并不是单一胁迫的简单叠加,与单一干旱胁迫相比,盐旱复合胁迫在一定程度上能够缓解干旱胁迫对侧柏幼苗生长的影响;一定浓度水杨酸同样能够有效缓解盐旱单一或复合胁迫对侧柏幼苗造成的生理伤害,提高其抗性。 相似文献
8.
冠菌素诱导水稻幼苗抗旱性的生理效应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以水稻日本晴为材料,在正常生长条件和用质量分数为17.5%的聚乙二醇(PEG)模拟干旱条件下,分析了0.1 μmoL/L冠菌素(coronatine,COR)处理对水稻幼苗生物量的积累、叶片中抗氧化酶[超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及过氧化物酶(POD) ]活性以及渗透调节物质(脯氨酸和可溶性糖)、可溶性蛋白、内源激素[脱落酸(ABA)、吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)、茉莉酸甲酯(Me-JA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)和赤霉素(GA4)]含量的影响。结果表明:在正常条件下,COR处理对幼苗生物量的积累、抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质和可溶性蛋白的含量均无显著影响,但可增加其体内ZR和GA4 2种激素的含量;在模拟干旱胁迫条件下,COR处理可促进幼苗生物量的积累,维持较高的抗氧化酶活性,促进叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的积累,调节植物体内渗透势,维持[JP2]细胞膨压,同时促进ABA和ZR含量大量累积。研究结果表明,COR通过增强水稻叶片中抗氧化酶活性、调节体内渗透调节物质以及内源激素的含量,可改善水稻幼苗在干旱胁迫条件下的耐旱能力。 相似文献
9.
烯效唑浸种对干旱胁迫下工业大麻幼苗形态、渗透调节物质及内源激素的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用0.4 mg·L~(-1)的烯效唑(S_(3307))浸种工业大麻"火麻一号"种子,采用盆栽试验方法,于大麻三叶期设置清水浸种后正常供水(CK)、清水浸种后干旱胁迫(D)和烯效唑浸种后干旱胁迫(D+S)3个处理,探讨烯效唑浸种对干旱胁迫下工业大麻幼苗形态、渗透调节物质及内源激素的影响。结果表明:与D处理的植株相比,D+S处理显著提高了根系干、鲜重,分别提高46.67%～61.54%和16.46%～25.53%;恢复了胁迫后期的地上部干、鲜重,复水4 d后地上部干、鲜重较D处理分别提高了4.38%和2.23%;促进了根系生长的能力,干旱胁迫8 d后,D+S处理较D处理根长、根表面积、根体积、根总投影面积、分枝数、交叉数和根尖数分别增加了34.48%、34.77%、69.10%、70.00%、29.62%、54.28%和33.07%;提高了幼苗叶片SPAD值,降低了细胞膜透性,增加了可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,干旱胁迫8 d后D+S处理较D处理SPAD值增加了28.30%,细胞膜透性减少了17.22%,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别增加了17.32%～36.78%和5.07%～7.94%。干旱胁迫8 d后,D+S处理使工业大麻叶片中脱落酸(ABA)含量增加了1.02倍,水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量分别降低了17.79%和14.40%。可见,烯效唑浸种能通过调控工业大麻幼苗生长及生理指标来增强其抗旱能力,缓解干旱胁迫对幼苗造成的伤害。 相似文献
10.
铅胁迫下干旱对国槐和紫穗槐幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了阐明铅胁迫下国槐和紫穗槐对干旱的生理响应机制,进而对比两者在铅胁迫下的抗旱性,为西北矿区耐铅型抗旱植物鉴选提供依据。通过盆栽试验,以1年生的国槐和紫穗槐幼苗为材料,以土壤相对含水量(SRW)100.00%的无铅处理为对照,其余处理外源铅浓度统一设为2 000 mg·kg~(-1),测定不同水分胁迫强度(土壤相对含水量87.84%,70.00%,52.16%,40.00%)国槐和紫穗槐幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化。结果表明:单一铅胁迫(2 000 mg·kg~(-1))下国槐和紫穗槐抗氧化酶活性高于对照;铅和干旱复合胁迫下,SRW 87.84%、SRW 70.00%、SRW 52.16%的处理,随着干旱胁迫强度的升高,国槐幼苗叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性均呈先升高后降低趋势且高于对照,紫穗槐SOD和POD活性呈先升高后降低趋势且高于对照,而CAT活性呈先降低后升高趋势;SRW为40%的处理下,国槐的SOD和CAT活性显著低于对照,POD活性略高于对照;紫穗槐SOD、POD和CAT活性均高于对照。铅胁迫(2 000 mg·kg~(-1))对国槐和紫穗槐的抗氧化酶有激活作用;铅胁迫下,紫穗槐对干旱的抗性强于国槐。 相似文献
11.
以曲酸为原料,设计合成了16个曲酸衍生物(QI-01~QI-16)和10个氯曲酸衍生物(QII-01~QII-10),通过核磁共振氢谱及元素分析对其结构进行了表征。初步抑菌活性测定结果表明:所有供试化合物对苹果炭疽病菌Glomerella cingulata和番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的菌丝生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中化合物QI-07和QI-11对苹果炭疽病菌活性最高,50μg/mL时的抑制率分别为79.3%和86.2%;化合物QII-04、QII-08和QII-09对番茄灰霉病菌活性最高,50μg/mL时的抑制率分别为70.0%、70.0%和76.7%。 相似文献
12.
Upon pathogen or insect attack, plants respond with production of a specific blend of the alarm signals salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), which are recognized as key players in the regulation of the signaling pathways involved. SA and JA responsive genes and SA/JA cross talk were well characterized in dicotyledonous species, but little is known in monocotyledonous plants. Using qRT-PCR, the expression profiles of SA and JA responsive genes were investigated after SA and JA treatments in monocots wheat. The results showed that Glu2 and PR-2 responded almost exclusively to SA, PR-3 and LOX2 responded positively to methyljasmonate (MeJA) treatment, while Lipase and PR-1.1 were induced in response to treatment with SA or MeJA. Furthermore, either by pathogen infection or exogenous application of hormones can activate the antagonistic effect between SA and JA in wheat, which has been well elucidated in dicotyledonous species. The outcomes of SA-JA interactions could be affected by the relative concentration of each hormone. This study shed light on marker genes that can represent SA and JA pathways in wheat and provided some clues for better understanding their interactions in monocot. 相似文献
13.
Philip D. Bentley Rex Cheetham Roger K. Huff Roger Pascoe John D. Sayle 《Pest management science》1980,11(2):156-164
Novel halogenated chrysanthemic acid analogues have been prepared and the interesting properties of their esters are described. Among this group are the most active insecticides yet reported. 相似文献
14.
A. Fuchs F. W. de Vries 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1969,75(1-2):186-192
Radioactivity from quinic acid-U-14C was readily incorporated into chlorogenic acid and shikimic acid in healthy andFusarium-infected tomato plants of two varieties, Bonner Beste (susceptible) and Moneymaker (resistant); radioactively labeled shikimic acid, on the other hand, was converted neither to quinic acid nor to chlorogenic acid.Infection led to increased incorporation of14C inton-butanol extractives, and alcohol-soluble and insoluble esters, except in the resistant variety after feeding of shikimic acid-U-14C. After infection incorporation into the non-hydrolyzable fraction—which a.o. contains lignin—decreased in the susceptible variety, but it increased in the resistant variety, particularly after administration of shikimic acid-U-14C.Samenvatting Radioactief kinazuur werd in gezonde en metFusarium geïnfecteerde tomateplanten behorende tot twee variëteiten, Bonner Beste (vatbaar) en Moneymaker (resistent), in chlorogeenzuur en shikimizuur omgezet; laatstgenoemde verbinding werd echter noch in kinazuur, noch in chlorogeenzuur omgezet.Infectie leidde tot een toegenomen incorporatie van14C in metn-butanol extraheerbare verbindingen, en in alcohol-oplosbare en onoplosbare esters, behalve na toediening van radioactief shikimizuur in de resistente variëteit. Incorporatie in de zg. niethydrolyseerbare fractie, die o.a. lignine bevat, bleek in de vatbare variëteit na infectie geringer te zijn, maar in de resistente variëteit na infectie toe te nemen, vooral na toediening van shikimizuur. 相似文献
15.
CHARLES G. SHAW III 《Plant pathology》1985,34(4):594-602
Twenty-one isolates from four Northern Hemisphere species of Armillaria ( A. mellea, A. ostoyae, A. bulbosa. and the unnamed North American Group V) and two Southern Hemisphere species ( A. luteobubalina and A. novae-zelandiae ) were grown on media with or without ethanol. gallic acid, or tannic acid. Ethanol increased dry weights for all isolates except one of A. bulbosa and colony diameters for all isolates of the Northern Hemisphere species except one of North American Group V. Ethanol decreased colony diameters for some isolates of the Southern Hemisphere species. Rhizomorph production increased for most isolates of Northern Hemisphere species on medium amended with tannic acid rather than gallic acid and on ethanol-amended medium with or without gallic acid. Both Southern Hemisphere species formed rhizomorphs in abundance, regardless of the medium. For most isolates colony diameters and dry weights were reduced by gallic acid, with or without ethanol. but were increased by tannic acid, with or without ethanol.
Acid and ethanol effects on colony weights and diameters were not consistent, however, and variation among isolates within each species was great enough for these media to be of little value in distinguishing among the species. Newly defined species of Armillaria have thus retained the attribute of extensive variation in cultural characteristics that is a feature of A. mellea, sensu lato , which necessitates evaluating the responses of several isolates before determining effects of any compound on growth of any species. 相似文献
Acid and ethanol effects on colony weights and diameters were not consistent, however, and variation among isolates within each species was great enough for these media to be of little value in distinguishing among the species. Newly defined species of Armillaria have thus retained the attribute of extensive variation in cultural characteristics that is a feature of A. mellea, sensu lato , which necessitates evaluating the responses of several isolates before determining effects of any compound on growth of any species. 相似文献
16.
苯甲酸和肉桂酸促进蚕豆枯萎病发生的生理生化机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨苯甲酸和肉桂酸胁迫促进蚕豆枯萎病发生的生理生化机制,在接种蚕豆枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fabae的条件下,研究了苯甲酸和肉桂酸4个浓度处理对蚕豆枯萎病发生、植株抗氧化酶活性、膜质过氧化程度及病程相关蛋白的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,不同浓度苯甲酸处理下蚕豆枯萎病的病情指数提高了25.0%～362.5%;蚕豆根系和叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别降低了15.7%～31.4%和21.3%～38.7%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别降低了37.7%～42.8%和28.4%～44.8%,丙二醛(MDA)含量分别提高了28.9%～42.6%和16.4%～45.0%,根系几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性降低了23.6%～39.4%和17.4%～38.7%。与对照相比,不同浓度肉桂酸处理下蚕豆枯萎病的病情指数提高了37.5%～350.6%,蚕豆根系和叶片中POD活性分别降低了17.1%～48.6%和13.4%～36.0%,CAT活性分别降低了15.6%～61.0%和18.5%～57.9%,MDA含量分别提高了24.5%～51.8%和42.0%～94.1%,根系几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性分别降低了29.1%～48.9%和21.3%～40.2%。苯甲酸和肉桂酸浓度高于50 mg/L时显著降低蚕豆抗氧化酶性能,加剧细胞破损程度,抑制病程相关蛋白表达,降低自身生理生化抗性,有利于病原菌入侵,促进枯萎病发生,其中肉桂酸的促进效应大于苯甲酸。 相似文献
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Huaping Zhao Zhipeng Cui Yucheng Gu Yuxiu Liu Qingmin Wang 《Pest management science》2011,67(9):1059-1061
Natural tetramic acid derivatives have attracted a great deal of interest of chemists because of their structural features and the broad range of biological activities. This paper focuses on five naturally occurring tetramic acid derivatives reported to have phytotoxicity and discusses their common structural characteristics. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
19.
Joint action of amino acid biosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The joint action of binary mixtures of the amino acid biosynthesis‐inhibiting herbicides glyphosate, glufosinate‐ammonium, metsulfuron‐methyl and imazapyr was assessed in pot experiments applying the Additive Dose Model (ADM). Plants of Sinapis arvensis or S. alba were sprayed with seven doses of the herbicides alone and binary fixed‐ratio mixtures of the four herbicides. In total, 73 binary mixtures were studied in six separate experiments. Mixtures of glyphosate and glufosinate‐ammonium were less phytotoxic than predicted by ADM whether commercial formulations or technical grade products were applied. In contrast, mixtures of glyphosate and metsulfuron‐methyl, glyphosate and imazapyr, glufosinate‐ammonium and metsulfuron‐methyl, glufosinate‐ammonium and imazapyr, and metsulfuron‐methyl and imazapyr either followed ADM or were synergistic. Synergism was observed most frequently for mixtures of glyphosate or glufosinate‐ammonium with metsulfuron‐methyl. Synergism was also more pronounced for commercial formulations of glyphosate and glufosinate‐ammonium than for the corresponding technical grade formulations, implying that synergism was caused by the presence of the formulation constituents of the commercial glyphosate and glufosinate‐ammonium formulations in the spray solution. 相似文献