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1.
为了了解原糖厂滤泥作为能源资源利用的可行性,根据煤的工业分析方法,测定了该滤泥的空气干燥基含水分、挥发分、固定碳、灰分含量,以及50％含水量时,收到基低位发热量.作为比较,测定了同等含水量的亚硫酸法糖厂滤泥的收到基低位发热量.测定结果为,滤泥的空气干燥基含水量为9.05％、挥发分含量60.58％、灰分含量19.58％、固定碳含量为10.78％;湿基含水量为50％的原糖厂滤泥和亚硫酸法糖厂滤泥的低位发热量分别为8700kJ/kg和7200kJ/kg,显示原糖厂滤泥具有高于水分为50％的蔗渣发热量.实验结果表明,经一定干燥后,原糖厂滤泥不失为一种低灰分、高挥发分的优良固体燃料. 相似文献
2.
木薯渣固态发酵植酸酶的条件研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
木薯渣粗蛋白及无机盐含量较低,与麸皮、米糠混合或同时添加无机氮源及无机盐,可作为发酵培养基合成植酸酶。高浓度的磷抑制植酸酶的合成。最佳发酵条件为：木薯渣为唯一碳原,添加 ２％ ＮＨ４ＮＯ３, ０．０１％ Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４, ０．０５％ ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ, ０．０５％ ＫＣＩ, ０．０１％ ＦｅＳ－Ｏ４· ７Ｈ２Ｏ, ０．９％ ＳＤＳ,培养基水分含量 ６０％～６５％, １０ｇ木薯渣／２５０ ｍＬ三角瓶,接种量为２ｍＬ菌悬液（２．８×１０个孢子／ｍＬ）,自然 ｐＨ值,培养温度 ２８～３１℃,第８ｄ达产酶高峰,高峰期产酶量为 ６７３０ Ｕ／ｇ干曲。 相似文献
3.
不同微生物菌剂及牛粪对麦糠发酵的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给园艺植物有机栽培基质麦糠的生产选择适宜的发酵剂,在麦糠中添加不同微生物菌剂及牛粪进行发酵试验,测定发酵过程中温度、pH值、C/N比、全P、全K含量。结果表明,在麦糠中添加了金宝贝牌菌剂（菌剂1）的处理1和处理2,在发酵过程中最高温度都稍高于50℃,而添加了有机物料腐熟剂（菌剂2）的处理3和处理4略低于50℃,未添加微生物菌剂的CK1 和CK2则接近46℃;各处理的pH值一直保持在 7.0～7. 9,均在适宜微生物生长的范围内;添加了牛粪的处理2、处理4和CK2的C/N比一直明显低于未添加牛粪的处理1、处理3和CK1;处理1和处理2的C/N比下降趋势明显大于处理3和处理4,处理2的C/N比下降速度最快,且最终C/N比值最低;各处理的全磷、全钾含量总体呈上升趋势,加过发酵剂的处理明显比对照的含量高。总体来看,菌剂1的发酵效果较好,处理2是最优处理。 相似文献
4.
木薯渣堆肥过程中理化性质变化和腐熟度评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以木薯渣为原料进行高温堆肥发酵.研究堆肥化过程中木薯渣肥堆理化性质的变化情况及堆肥腐熟程度.结果表明:在堆肥发酵过程中,温度变化呈先上升后下降趋势;而含水率变化不大.补充氮处理的pH值在发酵结束时为8.5左右.水溶性有机碳含量随着堆肥化进行而降低;而水溶性氮含量的变化受通气状况和氮源条件的影响较大.纤维素酶活性呈"升高-降低"趋势.种子发芽率能有效、可靠的反映堆肥的腐熟程度,发酵24～30d的堆肥已对植物无毒害作用. 相似文献
5.
平衡施肥对木薯产量及品质的影响初报 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用"3414"完全随机区组设计,开展木薯平衡施肥田间试验,研究施肥对木薯产量及品质的影响.其结果表明:(1)施肥对木薯产量有极显著的增产效应,氮、磷、钾肥增产的主次顺序为K>N>P.(2)木薯最高产量的氮、礴、钾优化施肥组合为N:150.00 kg/hm2,P2O5:36.75 kg/hm2,K2O:150.00 kg/hm2,此时最高产量为36.04t/hm2,其最佳施肥配比为N:P2O5:K2O=4:1:4;木薯最佳施肥利润的氮、磷、钾优化施肥组合为N:150 kg/hm2、P2O5:29.50 kg/hm2、K2O:150 kg/hm2,其最佳施肥利润达10 780.11元/hm2,此时产量为36.00 t/hm2,其最佳施肥利润配比为N:P2O5:K20=5:1:5.(3)施肥对木薯淀粉含量有极显著的影响,氮、磷、钾肥对木薯淀粉含量影响的主次顺序为:N>K>P. 相似文献
6.
为了改善木薯叶青贮品质,研究有机酸对木薯叶青贮品质及营养成分的影响,以确定青贮木薯叶最适合的有机酸种类及添加量。本研究以华南7号木薯幼嫩茎叶为原料进行青贮试验,设对照组、甲酸（0.2%）、乙酸（0.2%）和丙酸（0.2%）处理组,30 d后测定木薯叶青贮饲料pH、乳酸（LA）、乙酸（AA）、丙酸（PA）和丁酸（BA）含量以及主要营养成分含量。结果表明,木薯叶直接青贮品质较差,添加有机酸处理与对照相比显著降低青贮饲料的pH和丁酸含量（P<0.05）,降低中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量（P<0.05）,提高了饲料相对值（RFV）。添加有机酸可以改善木薯叶青贮品质并提高营养价值,添加乙酸（0.2%）和丙酸（0.2%）青贮品质较好,可作为木薯叶青贮添加剂。 相似文献
7.
以香蕉茎秆、鸡粪和花生秸秆为原料进行高温好氧堆肥。试验设不添加腐秆剂(处理Ⅰ)和添加腐秆剂(处理Ⅱ)2个处理,研究接种腐秆剂对香蕉茎秆堆肥过程中养分变化的影响,并分析堆肥过程中温度、pH、有机碳、NH4+-N和NO3--N、全氮、全磷、全钾的变化。结果表明,接种腐秆剂处理的温度均高于对照处理,且堆肥高温期持续时间相对较长;接种腐秆剂对堆肥的有机物降解有一定的促进作用,堆肥的全氮和全钾含量明显增加,而NH4+-N的含量降低,加快了堆肥腐熟,对pH、N03--N、全磷的影响不明显。因此,接种腐秆剂可以加快香蕉茎秆堆肥腐熟,提高堆肥的产品质量。 相似文献
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9.
研究、探讨了采用碳法制糖废异滤泥改土或直接铺放蔗地代土种植甘蔗等作物的应用情况、存在的问题和前景。结果表明:施用碳法滤泥投入少,产值高,省肥省工,见效快,实现碳酸法制糖企业固体废异物资源化利用,有效地解决制糖工业排放的滤泥污染问题,为制糖工业走循环经济发展之路迈出新的一步。 相似文献
10.
香蕉茎叶堆制还田对土壤各形态钾的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在室内模拟大田环境中香蕉茎叶堆肥还田对土壤中各形态钾的影响。结果显示:土壤中添加香蕉茎叶腐熟材料能提高土壤的pH值,在0～240mg/kg(以香蕉茎叶中的钾折算每千克土中添加钾的量,下同)添加量下,土壤pH值随添加量的增加而升高,总体维持在6.3～7.0范围内;土壤速效钾的含量也随着堆肥样品添加量的增加而增大。由于堆肥样品中各种物质的影响,土壤速效钾的量高于外源钾添加量和原始土壤中速效钾的量总和,且速效钾增率随堆肥样品添加量的增加而增大。90d后土壤中速效钾增率仍维持在36.83%～137.58%之间。缓效钾的量与速效钾相比,堆肥样品添加量对其在土壤中的含量变化影响不大,在大部分时间内不同堆肥样品添加量下缓效钾的量差异不显著。 相似文献
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12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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15.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献