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为明确不同耐旱基因型大豆生理性状对不同降雨气候条件的响应,田间条件下,以耐旱型品种辽豆14和干旱敏感型品种辽豆21为研究对象,探讨半干旱地区阜新和湿润半湿润地区沈阳对两品种生理特性及产量的影响。分别比较大豆植株V4、R2、R4和R6时期的叶绿素含量、株高、植株各部位鲜重、干重。结果表明:一般而言,在湿润半湿润地区沈阳种植的大豆植株的叶绿素含量高于半干旱地区阜新。一般情况下,植株根、茎、叶、叶柄和豆荚的含水量均表现为,同一时期,同一品种,沈阳的值高于阜新,但部分取样时期处理间未达显著差异水平;品种对根含水量的影响则因取样时期和地点的不同而表现出差异;大豆植株茎、叶、叶柄、豆荚的含水量均表现为,同一时期,同一地点,耐旱品种辽豆14的值高于干旱敏感型品种辽豆21,但多数情况下处理间未达到显著差异水平。植株各部位器官生物量的变化表现为,除R4期植株的根生物量和茎生物量、R6期的豆荚生物量表现为,同一品种辽豆14阜新种植高于沈阳种植,且差异不显著外;其它各时期各器官的生物量均表现为,同一品种辽豆14或者辽豆21,沈阳种植均高于阜新种植。成熟期大豆植株的器官分配比例表现为:子粒荚皮根、茎。子粒的分配比例为,辽豆14辽豆21;而荚皮、根、茎的分配比例则为,辽豆21辽豆14。大豆单株荚数与产量变化相一致。干旱胁迫降低了单株荚数、每荚粒数、单株产量和小区产量却提高了百粒重。辽豆14的单株荚数、每荚粒数、单株产量和小区产量均高于辽豆21,但百粒重却低于辽豆21。本研究结果明确了耐旱型大豆应答干旱胁迫的生理优势,丰富了辽宁省大豆抗逆栽培的理论知识。 相似文献
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大豆苗期耐旱性与根系性状的鉴定和分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2003年对63份大豆品种在盆栽自然干旱和盆栽水分控制两种条件下进行苗期耐旱性鉴定,两者鉴定结果间的关联分析表明两者呈极显著相关,两者间的鉴定分级结果比较一致,筛选出一批苗期耐旱型品种.综合分析2001～2003年的大豆苗期耐旱性鉴定结果,筛选出稳定耐旱型(1级)品种4份(晋豆14、汉中八月黄、科丰1号和因黑豆)和稳定干旱敏感型(5级)品种1份(宁海晚黄豆).苗期耐旱隶属函数值与根系性状间的相关分析表明,比根长、比根干重、比根表面积和比根体积等根系性状相对值与耐旱隶属函数值呈极显著相关,根总长、侧根总长、侧根数等根系性状绝对值与耐旱隶属函数值间的相关不显著,说明利用根系性状绝对值进行苗期耐旱性的评价较为牵强,而利用根系性状相对值进行耐旱品种的鉴定筛选比较可靠. 相似文献
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为筛选出大豆芽期耐旱种质资源,本研究采用20%的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫对来自国内外的258份大豆资源开展芽期耐旱鉴定,以发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对发芽指数和干旱伤害率为鉴定指标,最后通过隶属函数值对大豆资源芽期耐旱性进行评价及聚类分析。结果表明：胁迫条件下,各指标在品种间均差异显著;相关性分析表明隶属函数与各指标显著正相关,干旱伤害率与其他各指标呈显著负相关。根据隶属函数值将258份种质资源分成4类：耐旱型品种(系)9个;次耐旱型品种(系)55个;次敏感型品种(系)186个;敏感型品种(系)8个。通过隶属函数聚类分析将258份材料分成了3类：耐性材料17份,如吉林小粒豆7号、东大2号等,占总体材料的6.59%;中间型99份,如垦丰13、垦农18等,占总体材料的38.37%;敏感材料142份,如黑河38、龙豆2号等,占总体材料的55.04%。研究结果将为大豆耐旱育种及芽期耐旱遗传机制研究提供适宜种质资源。 相似文献
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通过设置不同播期和光照处理，研究了中豆33和中豆34的光周期反应特性，并与其他品种进行了比较。研究结果表明，与早、中熟夏大豆品种相比，夏播时中豆33和中豆34全生育期较短，主要是因其生殖生长期较短，但仍然有较长的营养生长期。中豆33营养生长期对短日照更敏感，而中豆34生殖生长期对短日照更敏感。 相似文献
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不同大豆品种发芽期耐旱性评价及耐旱种质筛选 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《大豆科学》2015,(4)
为鉴定不同大豆品种种子发芽期的耐旱性,以20%聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)溶液为渗透介质模拟干旱胁迫条件,比较了30个大豆品种发芽期与耐旱性相关的形态和生理指标的差异,并利用隶属函数法对30个品种进行了耐旱性的综合评价。结果表明:20%PEG-6000浸种降低了大豆种子的吸水率、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,抑制了胚芽和胚根的伸长,不同品种的耐旱指数和胁迫指数存在明显差异;隶属函数法综合评价结果表明,30个大豆品种发芽期的耐旱性存在差异,耐旱性较强的是叙永黄毛白水豆(G25)、叙永六月半(G21)、武冈青豆(G27)和淳平小子药黑豆(G13),耐旱性最差的是早踏扁青(G08)、丹波黑(G02)和桐庐牛吃豆(G11)。 相似文献
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东北大豆品种生育期结构的初步分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
根据“东北地区大豆品种资源鉴定与评价”中的生育期资料,分析了东北大豆品种生育期结构的遗传变异,比较了不同结荚习性育成品种和地方品种生育期结构的区别。结果表明,东北大豆品种资源的生育期结构存在丰富的遗传变异。不同结荚习性的品种生育期结构有很大的差别。无限和亚有限型品种的生育期结构类似,生殖生长期较长,营养生长期相对较短,生育期比(R/V)相对较大。有限型品种的营养生长期较长,生殖生长期较短,生育期比明显小于无限和亚有限型品种。生育期和结荚习性相同的地方和育成品种相比较,育成品种的生殖生长期较长,营养生长期较短,生育期比较大,这种演变趋势在无限和亚有限品种上特别明显。辽、吉 黑三省的无限型育成品种营养生长期分别比地方品种缩短1.4,4.1和5.8天,生殖生长期延长1.1,1.5和1.4天,R/V值提高4.8,11.2和15.4％。吉、黑三省的亚有限有成品种的营养生长期平均较地方品种缩短了3.9和9.9天,生殖生长期延长了2.6和1.8天,生育期比提高了12.5和34.5％。有限型品种生育期结构的演变方向不明显。大豆育成品种生育期结构的演变是长期产量选择的间接效应。自觉地对生育期结构进行定向选择,有可能提高大豆产量的选择效率。 相似文献
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吉林、辽宁大豆品种(系)对大豆疫病的抗病基因鉴定 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用下胚轴伤口接种法评价了吉林和辽宁省49个主栽品种(系)对Phytophthora sojae13个不同致病型标准菌系的抗性。与鉴别寄主的比较分析表明,铁丰29,吉育67,沈农9号,吉育80推导含有Rps3a基因;铁丰31,吉育45,吉育90,九农34,铁豆42,铁豆43,铁豆44推导含有Rps3a和Rps1d双基因;辽豆18推导含有Rps3a和Rps1k双基因;辽豆17推导含有Rps1d和Rps6双基因;辽豆21,辽豆22和辽豆24推导含有Rps1a基因;九农29和九农35推导含有Rps1k基因。 相似文献
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大豆芽期和苗期耐盐性评价指标筛选 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大豆耐盐性是决定盐碱地大豆产量的关键因素之一。为探究不同盐浓度对大豆芽期、苗期生长发育的影响,评价不同大豆品种对不同盐浓度的耐受能力,以合豆3号、徐豆14、中黄55和临豆10号大豆品种为材料,在芽期,设置50,75和100 mmol·L~(-1)的盐溶液处理,苗期设置100,200和250 mmol·L~(-1)盐浓度处理。记录大豆芽期生长指标和苗期形态生理指标,并以各指标耐盐指数隶属函数值、总隶属函数值为依据,对4个大豆品种芽期和苗期耐盐性进行比较及聚类分析。结果表明:芽期主根长、下胚轴长、根干重、含水量、鲜重、根鲜重、活力指数耐盐指数的隶属函数值与总耐盐指数隶属函数值的相关性均达到极显著水平,苗期根干重、根鲜重、MDA含量、株高的耐盐指数与总耐盐指数隶属函数值的相关性均达到显著水平。在不同时期和不同品种的盐耐受分析中,不同生育时期的大豆耐受性表现不同;芽期4个大豆品种耐盐程度大致相同。苗期徐豆14、临豆10号耐盐性较强,中黄55耐盐性中等,合豆3号耐盐性较弱。在耐盐指标筛选分析中,下胚轴长、根干重、含水量、鲜生物量、根鲜重和主根长的耐盐指数可作为大豆芽期耐盐鉴定指标,而MDA含量和株高的耐盐指数则可以作为大豆苗期耐盐鉴定指标。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献