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1.
长期不同施肥处理对红壤水稻土微生物量氮周转的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】土壤微生物生物量是土壤重要的活性养分库。研究长期不同施肥处理下土壤微生物生物量的周转特性,探究施肥对土壤养分转化与供应能力的影响。【方法】对田间长期单施或配施无机氮肥（N）、无机磷肥（P）、无机钾肥（K）、有机质循环（C）及1/2秸秆回田（S）的试验进行采样分析,研究不同施肥处理下土壤微生物生物量、微生物量氮周转及水稻产量变化。【结果】施用磷肥有利于提高土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮、微生物量氮周转速率以及作物产量,比未施用磷肥处理平均提高了13.2%、33.1%、31.2%及173.4%。单施有机肥也有利于提高土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮和作物产量,比对照提高了36.1%、28.1%和68.1%,但微生物量氮周转速率降低了4.3%。有机无机肥配合施用显著提高了土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮、微生物量氮周转速率及水稻产量,NPKC和NPKS处理的土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮、微生物生物量氮周转速率及水稻产量分别比对照高40.1%、26.3%、177.1%、204.1%和36.1%、20.9%、192.9%、203.3%。【结论】有机无机肥配施能够提高土壤活性养分库,增强土壤养分转化和供给能力,提高稻田生产力。 相似文献
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有机无机肥料配施对盆栽菠菜生长和土壤供氮特性的影响 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：23
通过盆栽试验研究了有机肥与无机肥配施对菠菜产量、品质及土壤供氮特性的影响。结果表明,收获时菠菜生物量由大到小依次为:处理4(5%(占施氮量百分比)尿素与95%有机肥配施)、处理5(10%尿素与90%有机肥配施)、处理3(有机肥)、处理2(无机肥)、处理1(不施肥);植株氮累积量以处理5最多,其他处理趋势与生物量相同。收获时,植株维生素C含量依次为处理4、处理3、处理5、处理2、处理1,并且所有处理菠菜可食用部分硝酸盐含量均达到直接食用标准(小于432 mg.kg-1);无机肥处理比有机肥处理矿质态氮释放速度快,有机无机肥配施处理能更好地调节土壤氮素的释放;有机无机肥配施处理与有机肥处理能增加土壤微生物量碳,且增加幅度大于单施无机肥处理。 相似文献
3.
长期施肥对黄泥田碳和氮及氮素利用的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
【目的】研究长期施肥下南方黄泥田碳和氮的变异规律及其与硝态氮累积的关系,阐明影响硝态氮累积的主要因素。【方法】以25年定位试验为平台,通过室内分析和统计分析,研究不施肥、施化肥和有机无机肥配施处理条件下黄泥田有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、微生物量碳、微生物量氮和氮素利用率的变化及与硝态氮累积的相关关系。【结果】（1）双季稻区,在提高土壤SOC、TN、碱解氮、微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量方面,有机无机肥配施明显优于单施无机肥,并以配施高量（70%）或低量有机肥（30%）效果最佳。（2）在等养分量条件下,与施无机肥处理相比,配施高量或低量有机肥处理在土壤硝态氮含量和累积量均有显著增加,有机无机肥等比例配施处理的硝态氮含量和累积量有大幅减少,与不施肥处理基本相当。【结论】提高土壤质量以配施高量有机肥效果最好,降低土壤中硝态氮累积量以等比例配施有机无机肥效果最佳。因此,从提高土壤质量和保护生态环境方面考虑,该区域有机无机肥配施应注意配施比例。影响硝态氮累积的因素主要有土壤有机碳、全氮、微生物量碳和微生物量氮,其中最直接的影响因素是土壤微生物量碳。 相似文献
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5.
灌溉方式与有机无机氮配施对水稻土壤微生物活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过盆栽试验,研究常规灌溉(flooding irrigation,FIR)、控制灌溉(controlled irrigation,CIR)和间歇灌溉(intermittent irrigation,IIR)等3种灌溉方式和不同比例有机氮和无机氮(F1:60%无机N+40%有机N;F2:80%无机N+20%有机N;F3:100%无机N)配施对孕穗期、抽穗期、乳熟期水稻土壤酶(转化酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和脱氢酶)活性以及微生物(细菌、放线菌、真菌)数量和微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)含量的影响。结果表明:各处理从孕穗期至抽穗期土壤酶活性、微生物数量以及MBC和MBN均不同程度提高,并达到峰值,而从抽穗期至乳熟期则逐步下降;CIR和IIR处理土壤酶活性、微生物数量以及MBC和MBN一般高于FIR处理;有机氮和无机氮肥配施土壤酶活性、微生物数量、MBC和MBN一般高于单施无机N肥,且高有机肥比例的F1处理效果更为明显。因此,在有机无机氮配施F1处理条件下,节水灌溉方式(CIR和IIR)能有效地提高水稻土壤微生物活性。 相似文献
6.
以烤烟石灰性黄壤为对象,研究了不同施肥处理条件下土壤营养状况、酶活性、微生物生物量及数量.结果表明,施肥显著提高全量养分氮、磷、钾含量及蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性,其高低趋势为:有机肥(M)＞有机无机配施(CFM)＞无机肥(CF)＞不施肥(CK);碱解氮、有效磷及有效钾含量提高幅度分别为1.26～1.36、4.83～5.26、1.11～1.65倍,以有机无机配施有效养分含量增加最为显著;有机肥及有机无机配施处理不仅提高土壤有机质含量,还有利于土壤微生物的生长繁殖,土壤微生物量碳、氮及细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均有不同程度的提高,而无机肥效果不明显.相关分析表明土壤有机质、全量养分及酶活性与微生物量碳、氮及细菌和放线菌呈显著或极显著正相关关系.综合考虑土壤的肥力状况及微生物生态环境,烤烟栽培实践中施有机肥是很有必要的. 相似文献
7.
有机无机肥配施对麦-稻轮作系统土壤微生物学特性的影响 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
采用盆栽试验研究了不同比例有机无机肥配施对连续4茬麦-稻轮作后土壤微生物学特性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,单施化肥处理促进了土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和微生物熵的增加,提高了土壤蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、脲酶活性,降低了过氧化氢酶活性,提高了放线菌的数量,但对土壤细菌、真菌数量的影响不明显;有机无机肥配施处理的土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、微生物熵、土壤酶活性及3大类土壤微生物数量显著高于单施化肥及对照处理;土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、微生物熵和3大类微生物数量随着有机肥配施比例的提高而增加,以配施30%有机肥处理的最高;土壤酶活性综合指数以配施20%有机肥处理的最高。可见,化肥配施有机肥特别是配施中高量有机肥更有利于改善土壤微生物学特性,提高土壤生产能力。 相似文献
8.
不同模式长期定位施肥对土壤微生物区系的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究不同模式长期定位施肥处理对土壤微生物数量及微生物量碳、氮、磷的影响。【方法】采用微生物培养法及氯仿熏蒸提取法,研究15种施肥模式对微生物数量及微生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)、磷(MBP)的影响,并进行了相关性分析。【结果】不同施肥处理对土壤微生物的影响:细菌放线菌真菌,对微生物量的影响:MBPMBNMBC;土壤细菌数量最大值出现在M1(有机肥)处理,土壤放线菌数量最大值出现在M2(有机肥)处理,土壤真菌数量最大值出现在M1NPK(有机肥和无机肥配施)处理。MBC和MBN最大值均出现在M1处理,MBP最大值出现在M2NPK(有机肥和无机肥配施)处理。相关分析的结果表明,MBC含量与土壤微生物数量呈显著正相关。【结论】有机肥的施入可明显地增加土壤微生物数量;有机肥和无机肥配施中,化肥的减量可增加MBC、MBN含量。氮、磷肥在合理范围内的施用可明显促进微生物对氮、磷的吸收,显著增加了MBN、MBP含量。氮肥的施入可明显加速土壤肥力的流失,使土壤由细菌型向真菌型转变;施用有机肥会使土壤更加肥沃。 相似文献
9.
施肥措施对旱地小麦产量与土壤硝态氮残留的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确不同施肥措施在旱地小麦生产上的作用及最佳肥料施用技术,在山西洪洞县进行了4种施肥措施(农户施肥、测控施肥、有机肥无机肥配施和菌肥无机肥配施)条件下的田间试验,研究了其对土壤硝态氮残留、肥料残留及产量的影响。结果表明,有机肥无机肥配施与菌肥无机肥配施这2种施肥措施显著提高了小麦的生物产量和经济产量;小麦生长的土壤硝态氮当季残留主要分布在土层的0~100 cm,且在各施肥措施下其大小顺序为:农户施肥测控施肥有机肥无机肥配施菌肥无机肥配施,测控施肥、有机肥无机肥配施及菌肥无机肥配施措施下土壤的当季硝态氮残留分别比农户施肥降低了19%,48%和55%;同时,0~200 cm土层来源于农户施肥、测控施肥、有机肥无机肥配施、菌肥无机肥配施当季肥料的硝态氮残留率分别为35.87%,31.41%,22.93%和18.26%。菌肥无机肥配施、有机肥无机肥配施处理下可以显著提高小麦的产量和N肥利用率,并且可明显降低土壤中硝态氮的残留,因此,这2种施肥措施适宜在旱作小麦种植区大力推广应用。 相似文献
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为探明长期有机肥与无机肥配施对马铃薯-玉米田土壤养分、活性碳组分含量、微生物菌群区系结构及作物产量变化的影响,于2016—2021年,通过长期施肥定位试验,设不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(T1)、单施生物有机肥(T2)、单施羊粪(T3)、50%化肥+50%生物有机肥(T4)、50%化肥+50%生物有机肥+秸秆还田(T5)、50%化肥+50%羊粪(T6)、50%化肥+50%羊粪+秸秆还田(T7)共8个处理,测定土壤养分、活性碳组分含量、微生物群落生物量、作物产量,并分析它们间的关联性。结果表明,与不施肥相比,连续不同施肥处理6年,各施肥处理的土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量分别显著提高19.99%～73.28%、45.71%～102.05%、27.98%～60.90%、21.49%～46.95%。其中,T5处理土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效钾比其他施肥处理分别显著提高7.29%～44.41%、8.95%～38.37%、5.54%%～25.72%,有机质含量比T1、T2、T3、T6处理分别显著提高20.95%、12.88%、16.71%、8.93%;与不施肥相比,不同施肥处理均提高了土壤有机碳... 相似文献
11.
Interaction of soil microbial communities and phosphorus fractions under long-term fertilization in paddy soil 
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下载免费PDF全文 Muhammad QASWAR Waqas AHMED HUANG Jing LIU Kai-lou ZHANG Lu HAN Tian-fu DU Jiang-xue Sehrish ALI Hafeez UR-RAHIM HUANG Qing-hai ZHANG Hui-min 《农业科学学报》2022,21(7):2134-2144
Understanding the impact of biological activities on the soil phosphorus (P) distribution under long-term fertilizer application can facilitate better soil P fertility management. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of long-term (since 1981) fertilizer application on the soil P fractions and microbial community and to evaluate correlations between the microbial community structure and P distribution. The following treatments were implemented in a long-term field trial: no fertilization (CK), inorganic N and K (NK), inorganic P and K (PK), inorganic N, P and K (NPK) and manure+NPK (MNPK) fertilization. The study showed that the soil pH, soil organic carbon and total and available N and P concentrations were considerably higher in the MNPK treatment than in the CK treatment. The soil microbial biomass C, N and P concentrations were also significantly higher in the MNPK treatment than in the CK treatment. Among fertilization treatments, the β-1,4-glucosidase, α-1,4-glucosidase, urease, acid phosphatase and phosphodiesterase activities were the highest in the MNPK treatment. Compared to inorganic fertilization, the MNPK treatment increased the labile soil P fractions and decreased the residual soil P concentration. Continuous fertilization significantly affected the soil microbial composition. The total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentrations in the NK, PK, NPK and MNPK treatments were 23.3, 43.1, 48.7 and 87.7% higher, respectively, than in the CK treatment. A significant correlation was observed between the microbial community and soil P fractions. Moreover, the aggregated boosted tree (ABT) model showed that among the various soil biochemical properties, the total PLFA concentration was the factor that most influenced the active P pool, accounting for 35.4% of the relative influence of all soil biochemical properties examined. These findings reveal that combined manure and inorganic fertilizer application is a better approach than applying inorganic fertilizer alone for sustaining long-term P fertility by mediating soil biological activity. 相似文献
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通过长期定位肥料试验,研究了不同施肥对红壤性水稻土微生物生态特征的影响.结果表明,有机无机肥料配合施用均能明显增加土壤中细菌和放线菌数量,减少真菌数量;N,P,K肥配合稻草还田对提高土壤微生物活度的效果显著;有机无机肥料配合施用对提高土壤微生物生物碳和生物氮量的作用显著,并可降低土壤微生物碳氮比. 相似文献
13.
化肥减量对玉米田土壤酶活性及微生物量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】在小麦-玉米轮作模式下,探讨有机培肥时化肥减量对玉米田土壤酶活性及微生物量的影响。【方法】于2010-10-2011-07在陕西杨凌进行大田试验,试验共设置化肥不减量+高有机肥（NPK+HM）、化肥不减量+中有机肥（NPK+MM）、化肥不减量+低有机肥（NPK+LM）、化肥减量70%+高有机肥（30%NPK+HM）、化肥减量50%+中有机肥（50%NPK+MM）、化肥减量30%+低有机肥（70%NPK+LM）和对照（NPK）7个处理,分别于玉米苗期、拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽雄期、灌浆期及成熟期采集玉米田0～20 cm土层土样,测定土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶活性及土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,分析不同施肥处理土壤酶活性及土壤微生物量碳、氮含量的变化规律。【结果】无论在化肥减量还是不减量条件下,增施有机肥均可以明显提高土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶的活性及微生物量碳、氮含量,但土壤多酚氧化酶活性却显著下降;有机培肥条件下,不同的化肥减量处理对土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶活性以及土壤微生物量碳、氮含量的影响不同,其中化肥减量50%+中量有机肥（50%NPK+MM）处理的土壤酶活性及微生物量碳、氮含量均最高,且与化肥不减量+高量有机培肥（NPK+HM）处理对土壤酶活性以及微生物量碳、氮含量的作用几乎一致。另外,各有机培肥处理玉米不同生育阶段的土壤呼吸强度均较对照（NPK）处理高,但差异并不明显。【结论】在小麦-玉米轮作模式下,化肥减量50%+中量有机肥（50%NPK+MM）是比较合理的施肥方式,化肥适度减量在土壤培肥过程中是合理可行的。 相似文献
14.
We investigated the soil microbiologic characteristics, and the yield and sustainable production of winter wheat, by conducting a long-term fertilization experiment. A single application of N, P and K (NPK) fertilizer was taken as the control (CK) and three organic fertilization treatments were used: NPK fertilizer+pig manure (T1), NPK fertilizer+straw return (T2), NPK fertilizer+pig manure+straw return (T3). The results showed that all three organic fertilization treatments (T1, T2 and T3) significantly increased both soil total N (STN) and soil organic carbon (SOC) from 2008 onwards. In 2016, the SOC content and soil C/N ratios for T1, T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those for CK. The three organic fertilization treatments increased soil microbial activity. In 2016, the activity of urease (sucrase) and the soil respiration rate (SRS) for T1, T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those under CK. The organic fertilization treatments also increased the content of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), the SMBC/SMBN ratio and the microbial quotient (qMB). The yield for T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher than that of CK, respectively. Over the nine years of the investigation, the average yield increased by 9.9, 13.2 and 17.4% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively, compared to the initial yield for each treatment, whereas the average yield of CK over the same period was reduced by 6.5%. T1, T2, and T3 lowered the coefficient of variation (CV) of wheat yield and increased the sustainable yield index (SYI). Wheat grain yield was significantly positively correlated with each of the soil microbial properties (P<0.01). These results showed that the long-term application of combined organic and chemical fertilizers can stabilize crop yield and make it more sustainable by improving the properties of the soil. 相似文献
15.
不同肥料对连作烟草根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
烟草连作障碍是制约烟草产量与品质的关键因素。以连作12年的烟草土壤为对象,通过施用不同肥料,研究了不同肥料对连作烟草产量、根际土壤微生物量、土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同施肥处理对连作烟草产量及土壤微生物及酶活性的影响存在一定差异,施用农家肥有利于提高连作烟草产量。土壤微生物量分析结果显示,不同施肥处理后烟草根际土壤微生物量碳、氮及微生物呼吸强度依次为:农家肥>有机肥>氮肥>复合肥。与土壤营养循环相关酶活性的分析结果表明,不同施肥处理后烟草根际土壤中性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性以有机肥处理后活性最大,而酸性磷酸酶则以农家肥处理后活性最高。与土壤生物抗逆性相关的多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶活性分析的结果显示,不同施肥处理后烟草根际土壤抗性相关酶活性大小依次为:农家肥>有机肥>氮肥>复合肥。 相似文献
16.
The present study examined the influence of the different fertilization on the dynamic of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC)
of red soil in tea gardens. The results showed that straw mulching, intercropping, chemical fertilizer could all improve the
amount of the soil microbial biomass C. The annual variation of microbial biomass C showed the tendency of “low-high-low-high”,
and the influences were variable with the time. For the annual average of soil microbial biomass C, Treatment 1(T1) (straw mulching + 100% organic manure), Treatment 2 (T2) (straw mulching + 75% organic manure + 25% fertilizer), Treatment 3 (T3) (straw mulching + 50% organic manure + 50% fertilizer), Treatment 4 (T4) (straw mulching + 25% organic manure + 75% fertilizer), Treatment 5 (T5) (100% fertilizer),Treatment 6 (T6) (intercropping white clover) were 17.05%, 32.38%, 32.05%, 24.30%, 26.23%, 24.63% higher, respectively, than CK, and the
differences among all the treatments were significant (P < 0.05). The correlation of the SMBC with the active organic matter, the total nitrogen, the microbial biomass N, the microbial
biomass P were remarkable, but no significant correlation was found with available nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium
and moisture. Compared with other treatments, those mixed with organic matter and chemical fertilizer were more advantageous
to enhance the soil fertility.
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Translated from Chinese Journal of Ecology, 26(7): 1009–1013 [译自: 生态学杂志] 相似文献
17.
Effects of Long-Term Combined Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Microbial Biomass, Soil Enzyme Activities and Soil Fertility 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Soil health is important for the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem. In this paper, we studied the relationship between soil quality and soil microbial properties such as soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in order to illustrate the function of soil microbial properties as bio-indicators of soil health. In this study, microbial biomass C and N contents （Cmic ＆ Nmic）, soil enzyme activities, and soil fertility with different fertilizer regimes were carried out based on a 15-year long-term fertilizer experiment in Drab Fluvo-aquic soil in Changping County, Beijing, China. At this site, 7 different treatments were established in 1991. They were in a wheat-maize rotation receiving either no fertilizer （CK）, mineral fertilizers （NPK）, mineral fertilizers with wheat straw incorporated （NPKW）, mineral fertilizers with incremental wheat straw incorporated （NPKW＋）, mineral fertilizers plus swine manure （NPKM）, mineral fertilizers plus incremental swine manure （NPKM＋） or mineral fertilizers with maize straw incorporated （NPKS）. In different fertilization treatments Cmic changed from 96.49 to 500.12 mg kg^-1, and Nmic changed from 35.89 to 101.82 mg kg^-1. Compared with CK, the other treatments increased Cmic ＆ Nmic, Cmic/Corg （organic C） ratios, Cmic/Nmic, urease activity, soil organic matter （SOM）, soil total nitrogen （STN）, and soil total phosphorus （STP）. All these properties in treatment with fertilizers input NPKM＋ were the highest. Meantime, long-term combined application of mineral fertilizers with organic manure or crop straw could significantly decrease the soil pH in Fluvo-aquic soil （the pH around 8.00 in this experimental soil）. Some of soil microbial properties （Cmic/Nmic, urease activity） were positively correlated with soil nutrients. Cmic/Nmic was significantly correlated with SOM and STN contents. The correlation between catalase activity and soil nutrients was not significant. In addition, except of catalase act 相似文献