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综述了我国引种加勒比松的情况及其杂种的生长表现,并探讨了未来发展的对策。加勒比松杂交育种从20世纪70年代开始,在广东湛江进行的古巴加勒比松×湿地松的杂交育种试验结果表明,杂种15年生的材积是亲本材积的1.66 2.88倍,杂种的木材基本密度和纤维长度介于两个亲本之间。20世纪90年代初在福建、广东、广西和湖南等省建立了更多的杂种对比试验林,在试验中用作对照的澳大利亚杂种松生长最快,但易受风害。杂交组合湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松和古巴加勒比松×巴哈马加勒比松的杂种比组合湿地松×古巴加勒比松和洪都拉斯加勒比松×古巴加勒比松的杂种生长迅速,杂种种子的发芽率很低(<30%),而且家系之间变异很大。广东台山的试验结果表明,湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松杂种的树高和材积增长为35.8%和244.6%,湿地松×古巴加松的增长为40.8%和210.9%,同时也进行了杂交配合力的分析。无性繁殖试验表明生根率可达85%,但生根率在家系之间变异很大。 相似文献
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利用4类松树杂种(火炬松×洪都拉斯加勒比松、火炬松×巴哈马加勒比松、湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松、湿地松×巴哈马加勒比松)在浙北7 a和6类松树杂种(火炬松×洪都拉斯加勒比松、火炬松×本种加勒比松、火炬松×巴哈马加勒比松、湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松、湿地松×本种加勒比松、湿地松×巴哈马加勒比松)在皖南9 a的树高、胸径和材积指标,研究了不同杂种在不同地点的生长表现。结果表明:不同杂种类型在不同地点的生长差异非常显著。在浙北余杭试验点火炬松×洪都拉斯加勒比松生长最好,其中材积增长超过对照40%的杂交组合有PTCH20、PTCH12、PTCH41、PTCH17、PTCH61和PTCH16共6个,全部是火炬松×洪都拉斯加勒比松,占该试验点所有杂交组合的11.11%;在皖南太湖试验点生长较好的杂交组合多为湿地松×古巴本种加勒比松,少量为湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松,同时该地区火炬松×洪都拉斯加勒比松杂种也有生长较好的杂交组合,该地区优良杂交组合(材积超过对照40%)包括PECC1-37、PECH12-9、PTCH13-24、PECC18-55、PECH42、PECC18-32、PECC10-6共7个,占所有杂交组合的28%,包括3个杂交组合类型(湿地松×本种加勒比松、火炬松×洪都拉斯加勒比松、湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松)。该结论和国内外关于杂种松的适应性及生长优势研究的结论基本一致,对我国南方不同地区发展速生杂种松具有参考意义。 相似文献
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加勒比松与湿地松杂交育种试验 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
《广东林业科技》1994,(4):23-27
进行了本种加勒比松（加勒比松，下同）与湿地松种内、种间杂交试验，结果表明：（１）加勒比松与湿地松杂支的杂种（Ｆ１）幼林，８年生前生长较好，杂种优势明显，９年生后其杂种优势减弱；（２）加勒比松种内杂交的杂种（Ｆ１）幼林杂种优势明显，１０年生时杂种优势下降的速度较种间的慢；（３）加勒比松分别与洪都拉斯和巴哈马两个变种杂交的杂种优势不明显。 相似文献
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彰武松的现状及发展前景 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
彰武松是赤松的天然杂交新变种。表现出速生特性,具有明显的抗旱性和抗病性。是三北地区推广应用的优良树种。但彰武松良种及苗木的供应量明显不足,主要原因是彰武松纯种少;另一原因无性繁殖的嫁接苗木有限,不适于扩大推广繁殖。采取先进的扦插繁殖技术,形成一套成熟的彰武松的无性繁殖技术,以利于良种的开发和推广。 相似文献
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我国三种主要国外松(湿地松、火炬松、加勒比松)树种及种源选择的研究初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍湿地松、火炬松、加勒比松树种及种源选择的研究,结果认为：在我国热带一北亚热带发展三种主要国外松,应根据各地区的地理位置、气温、雨量乃至海拔高度、立地条件,选择适地、适树、适种源进行引种。同时提出在我国热带及南亚热带沿海发展杂交秘,应采用正种加勒比松为母本和湿地松杂交组合;在中亚热带以澳大利亚昆士兰州的湿地松×洪加松杂交组会为宜。此外,也应针对我国不同气候区及立地选出适合各地发展的优良杂交松,供推广应用． 相似文献
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杂种松试验研究初报 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
以湛江市林业良种场及澳大利亚昆士兰林研所提供的杂种松在雷州半岛 2个试验点造林 ,7～ 1 5年生结果表明 ,优良杂交组合以本种加勒比松优良家系 (吴 2 ,河 6 ,南 2 )为母本与湿地松优良家系或与巴哈马加勒比松为父本的杂种松 ,其生长可比对照 (本种加勒比松 )蓄积生长量大 1 .2倍～ 1 .7倍。澳大利亚昆士兰州的PEE×PCH等杂种松 7年生蓄积量生长比对照 (本种加勒比松 )大 2 .9倍～ 4 .2倍。杂种松具有生长快、干形通直 ,抗风力及抗病虫害能力较强等优点 ,且耐贫瘠立地。杂种松木材比重与纤维长介于两个亲本之间 ,8～ 9年生由幼龄材过渡到成熟材。较优良的杂种松可在雷州半岛及海南东部沿海地区推广。 相似文献
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广东湿加松良种选育现状及发展对策 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
介绍了国外开展湿地松与加勒比松的杂交育种历史和成就,对广东省湿加松育种进展做了较为深入、系统的分析,总结提出湿加松良种选育的成功经验。根据目前的研究进展及存在问题,认为近期的研究重点是制订育种计划、育种资源收集、无性系选育、无性繁殖技术、分子标记辅助育种等5方面。 相似文献
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湿地松与加勒比松杂种第一代生长研究初报 总被引：28，自引：7，他引：21
湿地松与加勒比松杂交子代具有显著大于湿地松纯种的生长量优势,与湿地松种子园后代相比,湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松杂种的树高、材积平均增益分别为３５．８％,２４４．６％;湿地松×本种加勒比松杂种的树高、材积增益分别为４０．８％,２１０．９％。从中选择出的８个优良杂交组合,其树高、材积平均增益分别达５０．８％和３４９．５％。文中还从理论上探讨了控制杂种优势的遗传因素、湿地松一般配合力与一般杂交力的关系,分析了杂交制种的效果和存在问题 相似文献
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加勒比松针叶束水培,是无性繁殖方法中的一种,它可以保持优树各种优良的遗传基因,具有繁殖快、见效大等多方面的优点。84年开始,我们对加勒比松针叶束进行了水培试验。 相似文献
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对广东湛江 15年生和广西东门林场 7年生的杂交松试验林的生长和材性进行研究 ,结果表明 :广东湛江 15年生最优良杂交松组合 (正种加勒比松河 6×湿地松混合花粉 )的材积较对照正种加勒比松材积大 1.66倍 ;广西东门林场 7年生杂交松 (湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松 ) 3个家系的平均材积较湿地松 60个家系的大 2倍 ,最优良杂交松 (家系 62号 )的材积较湿地松大 2 .88倍。以上优良杂交松可分别在我国热带及南亚热带推广。杂交松的年轮平均密度和晚材率大致处于正种加勒比松和湿地松之间 ,年轮平均密度的差异主要是由于晚材率差异所致。 3种松木的变异模式都是从髓心起逐渐增高 ,到第 8～ 9年变化趋缓 ;杂交松在近树皮处的纤维长度介于两个亲本之间 ,近髓心处的纤维长度略大于两个亲本的纤维长度 相似文献
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对武定县2019年引种湿加松造林地块进行样地监测调查,分析海拔、土层厚度、整地方式、经营管理措施对湿加松树高和胸径的影响。结果表明：湿加松适宜在海拔1 800～2 300 m的温凉坝区和云南松原生分布区种植;中厚层土壤、阳坡、缓坡有利于湿加松生长;机械全垦,布设70 cm×70 cm×60 cm以上规格种植塘,基肥施入农家肥和复合肥,湿加松速生丰产杂交优势明显;造林后全面封禁,适时松土、除草、抹蘖,幼树生长健壮。 相似文献
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André Nel Francois S Malan Ron Braunstein C Brand Wessels Arnulf Kanzler 《Southern Forests》2018,80(2):159-168
A study was undertaken to evaluate the quality of the timber produced by Pinus elliottii × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (PECH) and the Pinus patula × Pinus tecunumanii low elevation (PPTL) and high elevation (PPTH) hybrids and their parent species for both kraft pulp and sawn-timber production. Trees were taken from unthinned tree improvement trials managed for pulpwood, ranging in age between 15 and 19 years. All sawn boards produced by study trees met the minimum wood density requirement for S5-grade structural timber (360 kg m?3), but approximately 17% of the boards failed to meet the other requirements for the grade, largely due to knot-related defects. Results of dynamic modulus of elasticity assessments performed on all of the boards suggested that a large percentage of boards would not meet the specified average stiffness (7 800 MPa). This was confirmed by the results of static bending tests performed on a subsample of boards. All boards tested for all species and hybrids met the required fifth percentile bending strength value for grade S7 (15.8 MPa) according to SANS 6122 (2008) specifications. The kraft pulping results indicated that the samples taken from the upper part of the stem yielded slightly better results on average than the samples representing the whole tree with respect to uniformity in the kappa vs charge and temperature, and yield vs kappa traits, with slight improvement of pulp yield (52% vs 50%) and some strength properties compared with whole tree pulping. Samples from the upper part of the stem had a close delignification rate in the 60–80 kappa range. The delignification rate for PPTL in the 60–80 kappa range was slower and the yield was slightly lower than P. patula (53.17% vs 52.72%) despite a higher kappa number. The pulp strengths short-span compressive test, breaking length and tearing strength of PECH were similar to those of P. elliottii, which were in turn generally lower than those of P. patula. The pulp strengths of PPTL and PPTH were similar to those of P. patula, whereas P. caribaea strengths were intermediate between those of P. patula and P. elliottii. With the exception of a slightly lower pulp yield, PPTL emerged as the best all-round hybrid for both pulp and sawn-timber properties. 相似文献
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迅速发展的无性系林业 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
近20年来,无性系林业发展之快、涉及领域之广,已越来越引起人们的重视。如何有效、安全地经营无性系林业,并获得期望的经济效益,便成为当代林木经营者追求的目标。基于这一目标,本文对无性系林业的核心理论进行了阐述和分析,并就无性系林业作业实践和新技术进展进行了简述和展望。 相似文献
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澳大利亚的林木遗传改良工作 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
人工林是澳大利亚林业的主体, 全国40%的木材是由人工林提供的。针叶人工林除少量乡土树种(南洋杉)外, 基本为引进的松树。18世纪中叶从美国引进了辐射松, 其后又相继引入了其他种松树。澳大利亚重视松树的遗传改良和利用, 已取得了显着成绩, 并积累了丰富的经验。此外, 澳大利亚的桉树资源丰富, 对其研究也较深入。 相似文献
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Isaac Kiyingi Abdi-Khalil Edriss Alexander MR Phiri Buyinza Mukadasi Susan Tumwebaze Hillary Agaba 《Southern Forests》2016,78(3):201-208
This study assessed the amount of carbon stored and the economic viability of the small-scale Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) carbon offsets in Pinus caribaea and Eucalyptus grandis plantations under varying rotations. Volume equations were used to estimate carbon stocks and merchantable wood volume in the plantations, while net present value (NPV) and annual equivalent value (AEV) were used as measures of profitability at the optimum economic rotation age as well as at the CDM-defined crediting period of 20 years. The findings show that over a 20-year rotation, E. grandis and P. caribaea plantations sequestered 638 and 418 t CO2-e ha?1, respectively. The NPVs of E. grandis and P. caribaea with carbon credits over the CDM carbon-crediting period of 20 years were US$2 540 ha?1 and US$1 814 ha?1, respectively. This is higher than the NPVs without carbon credits of US$1 543 ha?1 and US$1 390 ha?1 for E. grandis and P. caribaea, respectively. The AEV of E. grandis harvested at its optimal economic rotation of 10 years was US$316 ha?1. This is slightly higher than the AEV of US$298 ha?1, utilising the CDM carbon-crediting period of 20 years. In contrast, the AEV of P. caribaea under the 20-year CDM carbon-crediting period was higher than harvesting at the optimal economic rotation of 16 years without carbon credits. When the average CDM contract establishment costs exceed US$500 ha?1 and US$1 000 ha?1 for P. caribaea and E. grandis woodlots, respectively, it is not economically viable for one to participate in the CDM forest carbon offsets programme. In conclusion, the study results indicate that whereas E. grandis has a higher biological potential to sequester carbon than P. caribaea, it is currently not economically viable for participation in the CDM forest carbon offset scheme. In contrast, it is economically viable for P. caribaea plantations to participate in the CDM, if the CDM contract establishment costs are low. 相似文献
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Residue retention is an important issue in evaluating the sustainability of production forestry. However, its long-term impacts have not been studied extensively, especially in sub-tropical environments. This study investigated the long-term impact of harvest residue retention on tree nutrition, growth and productivity of a F1 hybrid (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis) exotic pine plantation in sub-tropical Australia, under three harvest residue management regimes: (1) residue removal, RR0; (2) single residue retention, RR1; and (3) double residue retention, RR2. The experiment, established in 1996, is a randomised complete block design with 4 replicates. Tree growth measurements in this study were carried out at ages 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 years, while foliar nutrient analyses were carried out at ages 2, 4, 6 and 10 years. Litter production and litter nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) measurements were carried out quarterly over a 15-month period between ages 9 and 10 years. Results showed that total tree growth was still greater in residue-retained treatments compared to the RR0 treatment. However, mean annual increments of diameter at breast height (MAID) and basal area (MAIB) declined significantly after age 4 years to about 68–78% at age 10 years. Declining foliar N and P concentrations accounted for 62% (p < 0.05) of the variation of growth rates after age 4 years, and foliar N and P concentrations were either marginal or below critical concentrations. In addition, litter production, and litter N and P contents were not significantly different among the treatments. This study suggests that the impact of residue retention on tree nutrition and growth rates might be limited over a longer period, and that the integration of alternative forest management practices is necessary to sustain the benefits of harvest residues until the end of the rotation. 相似文献
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《Southern Forests》2013,75(4):301-310
Through the collaborative efforts of companies affiliated with the International Program for Tree Improvement and Conservation (Camcore), a number of pine hybrids have been produced over the last decade. Many of these have been planted in trials across southern Africa that broadly represent winter and summer rainfall areas, with the latter ranging from warm to cold temperate sites. The five-year survival and growth of the hybrids and other pines in 12 of these trials were compared with Pinus radiata in the winter rainfall, and P. patula in the summer rainfall, regions where these species have been planted extensively. Except for the highest altitude site, where freezing conditions are common, the survival of most hybrids and tropical pines was better than P. patula or P. radiata. This was, in part, attributed to their improved tolerance to the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum, which was present in the nursery at the time of planting. In the winter rainfall area, the P. elliottii × P. caribaea hybrid, P. maximinoi and, surprisingly, the P. patula hybrids performed well. In the summer rainfall regions, hybrids with tropical parents such as P. caribaea, P. oocarpa and P. tecunumanii were more productive in the subtropical/warm temperate zone and, with increasing elevation, those hybrids crossed with P. patula performed relatively better. The P. patula × P. tecunumanii hybrid, particularly when crossed with low-elevation P. tecunumanii, performed exceptionally across most sites. 相似文献
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鹅掌楸属植物研究进展及其繁育策略 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
评述了鹅掌楸属2种植物在历史演化和生殖生物学、资源保护、引种及其杂交育种等领域的研究现状和存在的问题。并对其今后的繁育策略提出初步设想。 相似文献