共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
《北方牧业》2003,(3):18-18
<正> 三项实验动物的研究课题通过成果鉴定由中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所实验动物中心主任——陈洪岩副研究员主持研究的黑龙江省科技计划项目"黑龙江省清洁级实验动物质量检测方法的研究"和"黑龙江省普通级实验动物质量检测方法的研究"课题及夏长友助理研究员主持研究的"SPF种鸡培育技术"课题,圆满地完成了合同规定的各项技术、经济指标,于2002年11月末通过了黑龙江省科技厅主持的科技成果鉴定。"黑龙江省清洁级实验动物质量检测方法的研究"和"黑龙江省普通级实验动物质量检测方法的研究"是在国家实验动物质量有关检测标准的基础上,开展黑龙江省清洁级和普通级实验动物的微生物学、寄生虫学和遗传学监测方法的研究,建立了黑龙江省清洁级和普通级实验动物的质量监测方法和标准操作程序(SOP),为黑龙江省内开展清洁级和普通级实验动物质量检测工作的顺利进行奠定基础。"SPF种鸡培育技术"研究是在建立的SPF种鸡群的基础上, 相似文献
2.
清洁级动物实验室环境检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据国家科委《实验动物管理条例》和卫生部《医学实验动物管理实施细则》的有关要求，普通级实验兔要逐渐向清洁级实验兔发展。为了生产出符合清洁级标准的实验兔，就必须给实验兔营造一个符合清洁级标准的饲养和实验环境，并对新建或改建的屏障系统实施检查，对已经使用的屏障系统环境实施监视，以保障内环境始终符合有关标准。 1检测内容 环境检测指标主要包括温度、湿度、噪音、光照、尘埃粒子、压力梯度、气流、沉降菌数、室内外换气次数和氨浓度等。 2检测方法和要求 2. 1温度 室内环境温度与气候、风速、换气次数，动物本身产热… 相似文献
3.
4.
垫料的主要作用是为了使实验动物生活在舒适环境中并维持笼内的清洁。实验动物垫料直接与机体接触，对实验动物的微环境有重大影响，并进而影响实验动物的质量和动物实验的结果。使用标准化的垫料以及垫料的消毒灭菌处理是饲养合格标准实验动物的关键因素之一。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
随着科学技术的飞速发展和国际交流的不断深入,实验动物的生物安全、动物福利与伦理引起了全民的关注与重视.本文基于本人的基层工作经验,结合国内外关于生物安全、动物福利与伦理的研究成果,分析了高校实验动物平台屏障环境内清洁级以上级别实验动物饲养管理中,如何保障生物安全和体现动物福利与伦理的具体方法. 相似文献
8.
按照有关规定 ,2 0 0 0年起医学动物实验所使用的啮齿动物必须达到清洁级 ,并将其纳入法制化管理。因此 ,哈医大实验动物学部为解决清洁级动物实验设施问题 ,将原有的普通级房屋一部分改建成标准化清洁级动物实验设施。1 设施结构布局清洁级动物设施为双走廊 ,顶送风 ,四角排风。按清洁程度分为清洁区 :包括清洁走廊、清洁物品储存室、饲养室、待发室、洁净缓冲间 ;半清洁区 :包括风淋室、污染走廊、废弃物缓冲间、动物发放间、第二更衣室、传递间 ;污染区包括 :洗刷室、第一更衣室、消毒前室、普通实验室。2 工艺流程2 .1 人流进入该实… 相似文献
9.
全价营养饲料是实验动物品质的重要保证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在生命科学的生产和研究领域中 ,实验动物作为四大支撑条件 (实验动物、仪器设备、化学试剂和情报信息 )之一 ,其质量直接影响产品质量和实验数据的正确性 ,因此实验动物的品质越来越受到各国生命科学研究领域的重视。在 2 0 0 0年版生物制品规程中明确规定 ,凡生物制品生产、检定和科研使用的小鼠、豚鼠、地鼠必须使用二级 (清洁级 )以上的动物 ,鸡胚必须用 SPF鸡蛋 ,实验兔必须符合一级动物标准要求。实验动物质量受品种品系 (遗传因素 )、饲养环境、试验条件 (包括微生物控制 )和饲料营养三大因素影响。实验动物品种多 ,食性不同 ,对营… 相似文献
10.
福建省2007-2008年清洁级以上实验动物寄生虫检测结果分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
按实验动物寄生虫学检测方法国家标准,检测福建省清洁级以上动物的寄生虫感染情况。2007-2008年共检测福建省3家单位饲育的清洁动物4批次,SPF动物11批次。发现清洁级KM小鼠1批次有肠道蠕虫(10/10)和ICR小鼠1批次有肠道蠕虫(6/6),SPF级C57BL/6小鼠2批次有肠道鞭毛虫(1/8、3/8)和C57BL/6×SU129小鼠1批次有肠道鞭毛虫(2/8)。表明影响福建省清洁动物达标的主要是蠕虫,影响SPF动物达标的主要是鞭毛虫。为确保实验动物质量,应规范屏障环境的运行和管理,并定期对动物进行寄生虫学检测,针对发现的问题寻找影响因素并纠正。 相似文献
11.
This paper reports on histological examinations of the diaphyseal structure of the long bones (humerus, radius, ulna, os femoris and tibia) of mouse, hamster, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, and dog using six animals in three different age groups. There are considerable differences in structure between the species. The results show that with increasing height in the evolution of the species and period of life, as well as advancing age, the differentiation and complexity of bone structures increases. The differences in structure between the localization of bones within the individual species are not considerable. The species comparison results in great similarities between the bone structures of each of mouse and hamster, of rat and guinea pig, as well as of cat and dog. The bone structure of the animals examined becomes more similar to the human structure from mouse, hamster, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, and cat to dog. 相似文献
12.
以睾丸总RNA为模板,运用RT-PCR方法扩增了SD大鼠和BALB/c小鼠的叠朊蛋白(PRND)基因,并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中进行测序,运用生物信息学软件对这些序列进行了分析。结果表明获得的SD大鼠和BALB/c小鼠PRND基因的完整ORF片段,基因无内含子,分别编码178和179个氨基酸的前体蛋白。与GenBank登录的其他同品种鼠相应序列进行比较,SD大鼠发生了G187C点突变,相应地引起了G63R的氨基酸改变;BALB/c小鼠发生了G12T、C13G和C528T点突变,但只发生了L5V的氨基酸改变,其余均为同义置换。氨基酸一级结构分析显示2种PRND编码的Dopple蛋白均由氨基端的信号肽、中间的成熟蛋白和羧基端的GPI锚定结合区组成。二级结构预测表明,Dopple蛋白由3个α-螺旋和2个β-折叠片层组成。研究结果为进一步研究Dopple蛋白的结构、功能及其在传染性海绵状脑病发生发展中的作用提供了基础数据。 相似文献
13.
动物组织中GLUD基因表达与GDH蛋白结构分析 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(4):7-12
[目的]研究动物不同组织中GLUD1基因的表达情况,比较不同物种中GDH蛋白的结构差异,明晰GLUD1基因的表达模式与GDH蛋白的功能。[方法]分别采集大鼠、绵羊、梅花鹿的肝脏、肾脏、皮肤、脂肪和肌肉5种新鲜组织样品。以β-actin为内参基因,采用荧光定量PCR法（qRT-PCR）分析3种动物不同组织中GLUD1基因的表达情况;利用无重复双因素分析方法表征GLUD1基因在不同组织中的表达量差异。比较人、小鼠、大鼠、山羊、绵羊、牛和猪7个物种GDH蛋白氨基酸序列,模拟这7个物种的GDH蛋白三维空间结构。[结果]GLUD1基因在大鼠、绵羊和梅花鹿的5个组织中均有表达,在肝脏中的表达量均高于其他组织;该基因在大鼠和梅花鹿肝脏组织中的表达量极显著（P<0.01）高于绵羊肝脏组织中的表达量,在大鼠肾脏组织中的表达量极显著（P<0.01）高于梅花鹿肾脏组织中的表达量。人GDH蛋白的氨基酸序列与猪、牛、山羊和绵羊的序列相似度较高,而大鼠与小鼠GDH蛋白的氨基酸序列相似度达到99.10%。大鼠、人、猪的GDH蛋白氨基酸序列中分别存在2个（第8位丙氨酸→缬氨酸、第40位丙氨酸→缬氨酸）、1个（第23位丙氨酸→丝氨酸）、2个（第33位丙氨酸→苏氨酸、第39位丙氨酸→苏氨酸）物种特异性突变位点。小鼠、大鼠、人的GDH蛋白预测为三聚体结构,山羊、绵羊、牛和猪的GDH蛋白预测为同源六聚体结构。[结论]GLUD1基因在大鼠、绵羊、梅花鹿不同组织中的表达量存在差异,在肝脏中都有较高水平的表达。不同物种GDH蛋白的氨基酸序列相似度较高,但依旧存在一定的序列差异性,并且存在数个对应物种特异性的氨基酸突变位点。 相似文献
14.
哺乳动物胚胎冷冻原理及研究进展 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
哺乳动物胚胎冷冻研究始于 5 0年代 ,先后在小鼠、大鼠、兔、马、牛、绵羊、山羊等动物胚胎上获得成功。目前该方面的研究进展很快 ,部分家畜的冷冻胚胎已逐步走向商品化应用。本文比较全面的综述了哺乳动物胚胎冷冻的原理、方法过程和冷冻胚胎的解冻及解冻后保护剂脱除。 相似文献
15.
On farms where rats and mice are present, unprotected livestock feed may become contaminated with rodent faeces, thereby creating a possible source of infection for cattle and sheep. Livestock unable to avoid contaminated feed may choose to eat it entirely, reject it completely or attempt to reject faeces selectively while consuming some of the feed. Two experiments were conducted to investigate which of these three responses were demonstrated by livestock. Ten cattle and ten sheep were presented individually with three repeats of ten feed treatments. Treatments were based on two feed types (meal and pelleted compound), with three levels of contamination (none, 'low' and 'high'), from one of two rodent species (rat and mouse).Avoidance behaviour was greater for feed contaminated with rat faeces compared to feed contaminated with mouse faeces. At low levels of rat contamination there was evidence that livestock actively rejected faeces whilst consuming feed. At higher levels of contamination animals rejected faeces and feed. Livestock could not actively discriminate against mouse faeces and thus rejection of feed was used to avoid faeces ingestion.Despite rejection of contaminated feed and some discrimination against faeces, significant numbers of rodent faeces were ingested illustrating that livestock feeding behaviour cannot prevent ingestion of rodent faeces. Feed contaminated with rodent faeces therefore poses a significant risk of disease infection to livestock. 相似文献
16.
Johnson EM Allen KE Panciera RJ Ewing SA Little SE Reichard MV 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,150(1-2):27-32
Eighteen of 31 (58%) cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and 8 of 24 (33.3%) white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) that were wild-trapped from 4 American canine hepatozoonosis endemic sites in Oklahoma were infected with Hepatozoon species. The predilection organ for merogony of the Hepatozoon species in cotton rats was the liver. Meronts were not detected in any of the white-footed mice. A 488 bp DNA fragment that includes a variable region of the 18S rRNA Hepatozoon gene amplified from blood or tissue of these infected animals. Sequences from eight cotton rats were 100% identical to each other as were sequences from three white-footed mice 100% identical to each other. The cotton rat sequence and the white-footed mouse sequence were 98.8% identical, differing in 6 bp of the 488 bp fragment. The DNA sequence from cotton rats was 97.7% identical to a Hepatozoon sp. described in a large bandicoot rat from Thailand and 97.5% identical to a Hepatozoon sp. in a bank vole from Brazil. The sequence from white-footed mice was 98.6% identical to the bandicoot rat sequence and 98.4% identical to the bank vole sequence. However, the sequences were only 90.6% (cotton rat) and 91.4% (white-footed mouse) identical to H. americanum. These findings suggest that the rodents are obligate intermediate hosts for distinct Hepatozoon spp., but not H. americanum. 相似文献
17.
Eileen Heldmann MS VMD Dorothy Cimino Brown DVM Diplomate ACVS Frances Shofer PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1999,28(4):256-259
OBJECTIVE: To determine if the use of propofol influences the postoperative infection rate of clean surgical wounds in dogs and cats. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 863 dogs and cats undergoing clean surgical procedures. METHODS: Medical and anesthetic records of surgical cases used as part of a previously described epidemiologic study on postoperative wound infection rates were reviewed. The records of all animals with clean surgical wounds were reviewed to determine if propofol had been used for anesthetic induction or maintenance during the procedure. To determine the effect of propofol use on wound infection rate, data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, followed by multiple logistic regression to adjust for various factors, including surgery time, time from clipping to surgery, antibiotic usage, coexisting distant infection, endocrine disease, and the use of immunosuppressive drugs in the perioperative period. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Of 863 dogs and cats with clean surgical wounds, 46 received propofol as part of the anesthetic protocol. A total of 6 of 46 animals (13%) receiving propofol developed postoperative wound infections, compared with 33 of 817 animals (4%) not receiving propofol (P = .014; % difference = 9%; 95% CI = 0.5% to 24%). Adjusting for all other factors evaluated, animals receiving propofol were 3.8 times more likely to develop postoperative wound infections compared to animals not given propofol (95% CI = 1.5-9.9). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Propofol is a lipid-based emulsion capable of supporting microbial growth. Administration of a potentially contaminated solution may contribute to surgical wound infection or other patient morbidity or mortality. Strict aseptic technique in the preparation of the solution and prompt disposal of unused drug are imperative to curtail the potential for extrinsic contamination. 相似文献
18.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of hypothermia and duration of anesthesia on the infection rate in clean wounds in dogs and cats. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Seven hundred seventy-seven dogs and cats undergoing clean surgical procedures. METHODS: Records of animals prospectively evaluated for postoperative wound infection were retrospectively evaluated for the prevalence of perioperative hypothermia. Body temperatures during the perioperative period and the duration of surgery and anesthesia were recorded. Data were analyzed to identify differences between animals with infected and uninfected wounds and multiple logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate the independent contribution of risk factors to the incidence of postoperative wound infection. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in the analysis of temperature data between animals with infected and uninfected wounds. Duration of anesthesia was significantly greater in animals with wound infections (P = .01). Multiple logistic regression modeling identified duration of anesthesia as a risk factor for postoperative wound infection independent of the duration of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In animals with clean surgical wounds, mild perioperative hypothermia is not a significant risk factor for postoperative wound infection. The duration of anesthesia, however, is a significant risk factor independent of the duration of surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To decrease the incidence of postoperative wound infection, the duration of anesthesia should be minimized. Surgical time, as well as the time required for ancillary diagnostic tests while under anesthesia should, therefore, be kept to a reasonable minimum. 相似文献
19.
Fearnley C Wakeley PR Gallego-Beltran J Dalley C Williamson S Gaudie C Woodward MJ 《Research in veterinary science》2008,85(1):8-16
A LightCycler real-time PCR hybridization probe-based assay that detects a conserved region of the16S rRNA gene of pathogenic but not saprophytic Leptospira species was developed for the rapid detection of pathogenic leptospires directly from processed tissue samples. In addition, a differential PCR specific for saprophytic leptospires and a control PCR targeting the porcine beta-actin gene were developed. To assess the suitability of these PCR methods for diagnosis, a trial was performed on kidneys taken from adult pigs with evidence of leptospiral infection, primarily a history of reproductive disease and serological evidence of exposure to pathogenic leptospires (n=180) and aborted pig foetuses (n=24). Leptospire DNA was detected by the 'pathogenic' specific PCR in 25 tissues (14%) and the control beta-actin PCR was positive in all 204 samples confirming DNA was extracted from all samples. No leptospires were isolated from these samples by culture and no positives were detected with the 'saprophytic' PCR. In a subsidiary experiment, the 'pathogenic' PCR was used to analyse kidney samples from rodents (n=7) collected as part of vermin control in a zoo, with show animals with high microagglutination titres to Leptospira species, and five were positive. Fifteen PCR amplicons from 1 mouse, 2 rat and 14 pig kidney samples, were selected at random from positive PCRs (n=30) and sequenced. Sequence data indicated L. interrogans DNA in the pig and rat samples and L. inadai DNA, which is considered of intermediate pathogenicity, in the mouse sample. The only successful culture was from this mouse kidney and the isolate was confirmed to be L. inadai by classical serology. These data suggest this suite of PCRs is suitable for testing for the presence of pathogenic leptospires in pig herds where abortions and infertility occur and potentially in other animals such as rodents. 相似文献
20.
Ferroglio E Pasino M Romano A Grande D Pregel P Trisciuoglio A 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,148(3-4):346-349
Seventy-five house mice (Mus musculus), 103 rats (Rattus norvegicus) and 55 field mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) from North-West Italy were PCR analysed for Neospora caninum infection. Brain, kidney and muscle tissues collected from the above mentioned animals were tested by PCR using Np6 and Np21 primers. The brain tissue from 2 house mice and 2 rats, the kidney from 4 rats, 1 house mouse and 1 field mouse and muscle from 10 rats, 8 house mice and 1 field mouse were tested positive for N. caninum. Sequencing showed a 96-97% identity of PCR products with N. caninum NC1 sequence. Our findings support previous report on house mouse and rat, and for the first time, provides the evidence of the infection also in field mice. Based on our data, it could be hypothesized that mice can act as a reservoir of N. caninum, and they can play a role in maintaining/spreading N. caninum infection also in the sylvatic cycle. The possibility that dogs could be infected by eating infected house mice suggests new opportunities for N. caninum prophylaxis and control. 相似文献