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1.
根据2012—2013年在东山湾海域进行的4个季度航次的渔业资源调查资料,对该海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼及游泳动物组成特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,4个季度航次调查共鉴定出鱼卵15种,仔稚鱼8种(含5个未定种),鱼卵平均密度为2.63个/m3,仔稚鱼平均密度为0.50ind/m3。共出现游泳动物269种,其中鱼类种类数最多,为202种;从季节分布来看,夏季游泳动物种类数最多(161种),冬季最少(62种);从平面分布来看,夏季5号调查站位游泳动物种类数最多(95种),9号调查站位最少(12种)。本次调查,游泳动物重量资源密度平均值冬季最高(1 246.98 kg/km2),春季最低(372.68 kg/km2),尾数资源密度平均值春季最高(36.04×103ind/km2),冬季最低(11.25×103ind/km2);4个季度月优势种均不同,表现出明显的季节更替现象;全年游泳动物重量密度多样性指数表现为秋季夏季春季冬季,丰富度指数d均值为3.49,均匀度指数J'均值为0.64,单纯度指数C均值为0.23;全年游泳动物尾数密度多样性指数表现为夏季冬季春季秋季,丰富度指数d均值为7.09,均匀度指数J'均值为0.70,单纯度指数C均值为0.18。与历史资料相比,本次调查鱼卵仔稚鱼密度四季均值较高,游泳动物种类数较多、重量和尾数密度四季均值较大、物种多样性较高。 相似文献
2.
瓯江口海域夏秋季蟹类数量分布与环境的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文利用2007年6月和9月瓯江口海域渔业资源调查资料,分析瓯江口蟹类资源密度的分布,及蟹类优势种、水团、水深和水文因子对蟹类数量分布的影响。结果表明,6月和9月蟹类重量密度分别为112.99 kg/km2和73.48kg/km2,尾数密度为16.84×103ind/ km2和3.80×103ind/ km2,资源总量为50845.5 kg和33066.0 kg。蟹类密度分布,在6月调查海域东部高于西部,南部高于北部,高密度区出现在瓯江口洞头群岛外侧,尤其是受台湾暖流影响明显的海域;在9月仅是南部明显高于北部,其他海域分布比较均匀。瓯江径流从瓯江北口下泄,在口外形成冲淡水水团,使瓯江口北侧蟹类密度较低。瓯江口温、盐度环境因子与蟹类重量密度负相关关系显著,与尾数密度不显著。水深与蟹类密度呈错综复杂的关系,并非线性相关关系。日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）是瓯江口蟹类最重要的优势种,三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）是最重要的经济品种。 相似文献
3.
根据秦山核电站温排水扩散数学模拟结果以及在秦山核电站附近海域春季(2010年5月)、夏季(2010年9月)和冬季(2009年12月)渔业资源调查资料,通过聚类分析方法对鱼类群落分布进行划分,从不同群落空间分布及种类组成、种类数及多样性的分析等方面,探讨并分析了秦山核电站温排水对附近海域鱼类群落分布的影响。结果显示,春、夏和冬季秦山核电站温排水附近海域均划分为2个群落:温排水影响海域(即群落Ⅰ,以下简称内侧;位于秦山核电站排水口附近,温排水排入水域使水温升高,水温向外侧扩散逐渐降低)和温排水外侧海域(即群落Ⅱ,以下简称外侧)。鱼类群落结构差异表现为春夏季鱼类种类数和多样性指数特征差异一致,外侧高于内侧,数量密度差异较大,夏季和冬季差异明显,呈相异特征。春季鱼类种类数外侧(14种)内侧(6种),尾数和重量多样性指数(Hn′)平均值类似,外侧(2.30和1.93)内侧(1.76和1.56),数量密度差异较大,尾数密度外侧(1.95×103个/km)内侧(0.88×103个/km),而重量密度内侧(6.14 kg/km2)外侧(2.26 kg/km2),主要与春季温排水影响海域鱼类产卵,鱼类在内侧滞留且体质量较大有关;夏季与春季类似,鱼类种类数、尾数和重量多样性指数、尾数和重量密度都是外侧(11种、1.76、1.92、2.57×103个/km和9.06 kg/km2)内侧(9种、1.75、1.65、1.98×103个/km和3.67 kg/km2),主要因为夏季水温较高,温排水进入海域改变内侧鱼类群落特征,表现为内侧低于外侧;而冬季与夏季正相反,各指标都是内侧(15种、1.61、1.86、1.09×103个/km和8.64 kg/km2)外侧(7种、1.24、1.13、0.84×103个/km和4.72 kg/km2),主要与冬季水温较低,温排水影响海域具有暖池效应,形成部分鱼类滞留在此越冬有关。温排水对不同适温性的鱼类影响不同,一些暖温性鱼类能够适应一定的低温,因而在冬季温排水附近海域鱼类暖温种数和种类数(8种和15种)均为三季最高,这与物种在温排水的热羽区域分布密集有关,从而形成温排水附近海域鱼类种类多于其他群落的现象。研究表明,秦山核电站温排水附近海域鱼类群落分布空间差异显著,温排水引起的水温变化是主要原因。 相似文献
4.
舟山渔场衢山岛海域春夏季鱼类数量变化 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用2008年3月和6月衢山岛海域渔业资源调查资料,研究衢山岛海域鱼类种类组成和多样性的变化,分析主要优势种密度对鱼类总密度的贡献率。结果表明,两个航次拖网调查,共鉴定鱼类30种,其中暖温种15种,暖水种13种。3月的鮸和刀鲚,6月的六丝矛尾虾虎鱼分别是本海域较重要的优势种。3月和6月鱼类重量密度分别为125.05 kg/km2和95.01 kg/km2,尾数密度为8.41×103ind/km2和37.74×103ind/km2。鱼类重量密度与尾数密度分布趋势一致,呈现调查水域南部高于北部的分布趋势。依据贡献β值,衢山岛海域鱼类数量的变化与主要优势种数量变化有关。鱼类的种类组成与水团有着密切关系。 相似文献
5.
苏北浅滩沙脊潮沟地形对鱼类分布格局的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究苏北浅滩沙脊潮沟海域地形特征对鱼类群落分布格局的影响,根据2011年5月(春)和2010年11月(秋)在苏北浅滩中部海域渔业资源调查的资料,采用方差贡献和回归分析的方法,通过对中部海域沙脊潮沟处鱼类生物学特征、资源密度、优势种相对重要性指数以及优势种对鱼类总数量的贡献的分析,讨论苏北浅滩沙脊潮沟地形对鱼类分布格局的影响。结果显示,鱼类空间分布差异与潮沟系统的地形地貌有关,春季潮沟外侧海域是小黄鱼、鰐等洄游性鱼类的渔场,潮沟海域是洄游性鰐和方氏锦鰑的渔场位置,沙脊海域是赤鼻棱鰒等非洄游性鱼的渔场。秋季鱼类空间分布仅与潮沟系统沙脊地形相关,沙脊海域主要是大银鱼的索饵场和越冬场。鱼类数量季节变化还与鱼类产卵洄游和生长相关。春季重量密度(16.08 kg/km2)大于秋季(10.74 kg/km2),而秋季尾数密度(16.3×103尾/km2)大于春季(5.36×103尾/km2)。春季鱼类规格较大,与部分成鱼具有到这一海域进行产卵洄游的习性有关,而秋季同种鱼则以幼体居多,且优势种个体小,与秋季部分鱼类幼鱼在此处索饵和育幼有关。总体上,苏北浅滩沙脊潮沟海域特有地形,使得这一海域春季是鱼类的产卵场,夏秋季是育幼场,因而在渔业上具有重要的意义。 相似文献
6.
瓯江口海域夏、秋季口足目和十足目虾类分布特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用2007年6月和9月瓯江口海域2个航次的渔业资源调查资料,研究瓯江口海域甲壳动物口足目(Hoplocarida)和十足目(Decapoda)中虾类的资源密度、种类组成和物种多样性等分布,探讨优势种、地形地貌、水团、温度和盐度等因素变化对这些分布的影响.结果表明,在2次拖网调查中,共鉴定口足目2种和虾类17种.口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)和哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)是6月的关键种,口虾蛄是9月的关键种.6月和9月2类优势甲壳动物平均质量密度分别为41.14 kg/km2和32.36 kg/km2,尾数密度为18.41×103ind/km2和10.66×103ind/km2.质量密度与尾数密度分布趋势一致,即调查水域东部高于西部,南部高于北部.6月,种问分布较均匀,物种数多,多样性指数值(H')较高;9月,在群岛外侧,由于口虾蛄在质量密度上形成单一优势种,导致质量多样性指数下降;但在尾数密度上,种间分布较均匀,尾数多样性指数值明显高于质量多样性指数值.无论是在6月还是9月,高密度区均出现在瓯江口洞头群岛外侧,特别是东南部受台湾暖流影响的海域.瓯江北口外的冲淡水水团是形成瓯江口北侧口足目和十足目虾类密度、种数和多样性低的重要原因.研究结果表明,瓯江冲淡水势力的季节变化是影响瓯江订海域口足目和虾类种类和多样性分布的主要水文因素.[中国水产科学,2009,16(1):104-112] 相似文献
7.
利用2007年12月和2008年6月三门湾海域渔业资源调查资料,研究三门湾蟹类密度的时空分布,分析优势种、地形地貌和水文等因素对蟹类分布的影响。结果表明,12月和6月蟹类重量密度分别为38.44 kg/km2和75.20 kg/km2,尾数密度为1.99×103ind/km2和3.66×103ind/km2。蟹类重量密度分布呈三门湾西北部水域高于东南部水域趋势,尾数密度分布则呈三门湾西北部水域低于东南部水域趋势。依据相对重要性指数分析的结果,日本蟳是本海域蟹类第一优势种,其次为经济品种三疣梭子蟹。两季蟹类大部分为幼体,夏季比冬季种类数有增加。上述优势种对三门湾蟹类数量的变化有较明显的回归贡献。 相似文献
8.
根据2012年4月和10月拖网调查资料,分析和研究了福建兴化湾海域游泳动物的种类组成、鱼类区系特点、资源结构、密度分布及物种多样性等特征。结果表明:调查海域游泳动物有96种,其中鱼类64种、虾类11种、蟹类10种、头足类6种、口足类5种;春季游泳动物种类比秋季少。鱼类以暖水性和暖温性、底层和中上层鱼类为主,春季优势种有13种,秋季15种;春、秋季渔获的重量组成和数量组成均以鱼类为主,春季分别占64.91%和74.71%,秋季分别占79.98%和70.41%;两季游泳动物的平均重量密度为796.78 kg/km~2,平均尾数密度为72 127 ind./km~2;春季重量密度高于秋季,而尾数密度低于秋季;游泳动物种类多样性指数H'、均匀度指数J'、丰富度指数D,春季均显著低于秋季。 相似文献
9.
根据2012年在龙海市东南部海域进行的两个航次的单拖网调查,着重研究了该海域游泳生物的种类组成。结果表明,调查海域共出现游泳生物155种,其中鱼类种类数最多,为96种;蟹类次之,有29种;虾类22种;头足类8种。2012年8—9月的渔获物重量密度和尾数密度分别为868.00 kg/km~2和134.51×10~3ind/km~2,远远大于2012年4月的资源密度176.12 kg/km~2和22.12×10~3ind/km~2。渔获物重量和尾数密度物种多样性指数均值分别为3.30和3.26,处于较高水平。两个航次均出现的优势种有刀额仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis cultrirostris)和哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)。比较九龙江口的渔业资源调查资料,本调查海域游泳生物种类数较多、尾数密度均值较大、物种多样性水平较高。 相似文献
10.
秦山核电温排水对鱼类分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2010年5月(春季)、2010年9月(夏季)和2009年12月(冬季)秦山核电海域渔业资源调查资料以及秦山核电站温排水扩散数学模拟结果,通过秦山核电温排水海域鱼类季节密度的时空分布、优势种、优势种对鱼类总数量的贡献,探讨并分析了秦山核电海域温排水对鱼类分布的影响。结果显示,春季、夏季和冬季的尾数密度分别为5.55×10~3 ind/km~2、22.10×10~3 ind/km~2和10.52×10~3 ind/km~2,重量密度分别为33.80 kg/km~2、59.06 kg/km~2和66.46 kg/km~2。秦山核电海域渔业资源数量季节变化的规律与其他海域相反,冬季最高,春夏季较低,主要与冬季温排水海域具有暖池效应,形成部分鱼类滞留在此越冬有关。温排水平面分布对鱼类分布有重要的影响。主要表现在夏季温排水区域鱼类密度低于其他水域,冬季相反,鱼群滞留在温排水热羽区域,因而显示出温排水海域有较高的鱼群密度。温排水对不同适温习性鱼类影响不同,暖温种能够适应一定的低温,例如,刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)可以在温排水水域越冬,而对高温有耐受性的棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)夏季在温排水水域成为优势种。鱼类优势种的适温性决定着鱼群的分布特征,冬季最重要的优势种为刀鲚,在尾数上的贡献率高达45.02,由于该种在温排水的热羽区域分布密集,形成温排水水域鱼群密度大于周边水域的现象。由于温排水改变了渔场环境,导致新的越冬场的形成,有可能形成新的渔汛,引起当地渔场属性的改变。 相似文献
11.
Feeding behaviour, energy expenditure and growth of rainbow trout in relation to stocking density and food accessibility 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effect of stocking density on feed intake, feed utilization and feeding behaviour was studied in groups of rainbow trout submitted to different levels of food accessibility. In the first experiment, 18 groups of 100, 300 or 500 fish (initial individual weight 26 ± 0.5 g) were held in 1 m3 tanks where they were fed: in excess using belt feeders; or by means of self‐feeders with a fixed reward level (4 g per trigger actuation); or a reward level proportional to fish density (2 g/100 fish/trigger actuation). Final biomass after 125 days was c. 25, 70 and 100 kg/m3 in groups of 100, 300 and 500 fish respectively. Growth and feed intake was affected by fish density, feeding technique and reward level. However, feed efficiency, body composition, as well as nutrient retention and loss were unaffected by the treatment. In the self‐fed groups, daily pattern of feeding activity was affected by fish density when the reward level was fixed but not when the reward level was proportional to fish density. In a second experiment, groups of 100 or 500 fish (same initial individual weight) had access to one or three self‐feeders. Access to multiple self‐feeders had no positive effect on any of the studied parameters. The fish used only one of the three feeders at a time, and the three feeders where not used equally. We conclude that feed intake but not feed utilization was impaired by increased density, indicating that density in itself is not stressful to the fish. Food accessibility is the main factor responsible for the observed density – related decrease in growth. 相似文献
12.
《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):333-352
Fingerling channel catfish, "Ictalurus punctatus," were stocked into sixteen, 0.4-ha ponds at 11,120 fish/ha or 19.770 fish/ha. Half the ponds at either density were managed as single-batch cropping systems and half as multiple-batch cropping systems. Each of the four combinations in the 2 X 2 factorial design was replicated in four ponds over a 3-year study period. Ponds were not drained until the study was terminated. Average net fish production (totaled over 3 years) was 23,717 kg/ha for the single-batch, high-density treatment; 19,501 kg/ha for the multiple-batch, high-density treatment; 17,396 kg/ha for the single-batch, low density treatment; and 16,857 kg/ha for the multiple-batch, low- density treatment. Both stocking density and cropping system significatly (P < 0.05) influenced net production. Average size of fish at harvest was significantly (P < 0.05) lower at the high stocking density and in the single-batch cropping system. Feed conversion was better (P < 0.05) at the low stocking density and in the single-batch cropping systems. Poorer feed conversion in multiple-batch systems is believed due to harvest-to-harvest carryover of large fish, which convert feed to flesh less efficiently than small fish. Observed mortality and total fish loss (observed mortality plus fish unaccounted for upon termination of the study) were not affected (P > 0.05) by cropping system but were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ponds stocked at the high density. Production data were used to assess discounted net revenues from a synthetic 131-ha farm based upon a price of $1.54/kg either for all fish harvested or for fish harvested that were ≥0.35kg. When based on all fish harvested, discounted net revenue was highest for the single-batch, high-density treatment, but the low average size of fish harvested from ponds in that treatment (0.49 kg/fish) would not be acceptable across the industry. The multiple-batch, low-density treatment had the second highest discounted net revenue based upon all fish harvested and the highest revenue when only fish ≥ 0.34 kg were valued. Of the treatments analyzed, this was judged the economic choice for the channel catfish industry. 相似文献
13.
象山港春、夏季仔稚鱼种类组成结构特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究象山港仔稚鱼的时空分布特征及其与环境因子的相关关系,在象山港港湾内设置14个站,于2015年4月3日~6月10日期间按周采样,共调查10个航次(Ⅰ~Ⅹ),用方形网(网口为1 m×2 m,网目1.0 mm)采集仔稚鱼,同时采集温度、盐度和浮游动物等数据。调查期间采集仔稚鱼180 254 ind共45种,隶属25科39属,主要优势种为斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)、矛尾鰕虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、鮻(Chelon haematocheilus)、斑尾刺鰕虎鱼(Acanthogobius ommaturus)、普氏缰鰕虎鱼(Amoya pflaumi)、拟矛尾鰕虎鱼(Parachaeturichthys polynema)、黑棘鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)、舌鰕虎鱼(Glossogobius giuris)等。仔稚鱼密度呈先升后降的趋势,第Ⅲ航次密度最高(平均密度为587.9 ind·100 m-3),第Ⅷ航次最低(8.2 ind·100m-3)。前弯曲期仔鱼最多,占63.6%,弯曲期仔鱼占26.4%。基于层级聚类(Bray-Curtis相似性指数,Ward法聚类)分析表明,可将10航次仔稚鱼分为4个类型,各类型间存在明显差异:类型1(Ⅰ和Ⅱ航次)主要为矛尾鰕虎鱼和斑尾刺鰕虎鱼,类型2(Ⅲ~Ⅵ航次)为斑鰶、鮻、矛尾鰕虎鱼和黑棘鲷,类型3(Ⅶ和Ⅷ航次)为斑鰶、日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、拟矛尾鰕虎鱼,类型4(Ⅸ和Ⅹ航次)为普氏缰鰕虎鱼、拟矛尾鰕虎鱼、美肩鳃鳚(Omobranchus elegans)。Spearman相关分析表明,仔稚鱼分布与温度极显著相关(P0.01),与浮游动物密度呈显著相关(P0.05),与盐度无明显相关关系(P0.05)。 相似文献
14.
Scott A. Davis Thomas E. Schwedler Joseph R. Tomasso John A. Collier 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1991,22(3):183-186
Production characteristics of pan-size (approximately 227 g) channel catfish (Ictalurus puncturus) were determined in cages and open ponds stocked with fingerlings to densities of 20,000 and 12,500 fish/ha. After 145 days, mean fish weight in all treatments exceeded 227 g. Mean survival was similar in all treatments. Food conversion ratios were significantly better in ponds than in cages but density did not affect the ratios. Neither density nor production system affected production (as measured by total weight produced) when initial density differences were considered (analysis of covariance). Variability in total length at harvest was similar between production systems; however, low density treatments were less variable than high density treatments. Results of this study indicate that pan-size channel catfish can be cultured efficiently at stocking densities well above the 12,500 fish/ha (5,000 fishlacre) generally used when culturing fish to larger sizes. 相似文献
15.
D. Montero M.S. Izquierdo L. Tort L. Robaina J.M. Vergara 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1999,20(1):53-60
High stocking density has been shown to produce a wide variety of effects on cultured fish populations, such as alterations in behavior and poor feed utilization, resulting in mortality and poor growth. High stocking density has also been reported to produce chronic stress and mobilization of energy sources in fish. There are few studies focusing on the effect of high stocking density on one of the most important marine fish species for Mediterranean aquaculture, gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Consequently, this study investigates the effect of high stocking density on juveniles of this species, focusing on effects of stocking density on growth, biochemical composition, immune status and hematology.The results of this study showed that high stocking density produced a chronic stress situation. Plasma cortisol levels increased up to 16.25 ng ml–1 in fish held at high stocking; this value was 4 fold that of fish held at low stocking; density (3.91 ng ml–1 ). As a consequenceof this stressful situation, there was both haemoconcentration and a decrease in alternative complement pathway (ACP), an important component of the immune system of fish (from 167.23 U ml–1 down to 146.37 U ml–1). Haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count were significantly higher in fish held at high stocking density (43.87%, 10.76 9dl–1 and 3.36 ×106 mm–3, respectively) compared with those fish held at low stocking density (37.21%, 9.32 g/dlg–1 and 2.82 ×106 mm–3, respectively).In addition, high stocking density produced a decrease in hepatosomatic index (from 2.26 down to 2.04) and altered liver fatty acid composition. Oleic acid (18: 1n-9) decreased in liver total lipids of fish held at high stocking density and arachidonic acid (20: 4-n6) and n-3 high unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) were reduced in liver polar lipids of those fish. These alterations reflect the effect of stocking density on lipid metabolism to help meet the increased energy demand. 相似文献
16.
Carla Bacchetta Andrea S. Rossi Analía Ale Jimena Cazenave 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(5):1992-2003
This study aimed at investigating the physiological responses of Piaractus mesopotamicus exposed to high stocking density and the potential protective role of supplemented diets. Fish were fed with basal, red seaweed (Pyropia columbina) or β‐carotene‐supplemented diets for 90 days. Then, fish were distributed at low (1.5 g/L) and high (22 g/L) stocking densities for 15 days. Fish exposed to the high density showed increased hepatosomatic index, haemoglobin content and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (all diets); decreased haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (basal and seaweed) and white blood cells count (all diets) were observed. High density‐exposed fish showed decreased plasmatic metabolites as well as the hepatic lipids content in basal and seaweed diets. Regarding oxidative stress, increased activity of glutathione S‐transferase in high density‐exposed fish muscle (all diets), and lower lipid peroxidation in liver (basal and β‐carotene) and intestine (basal and seaweed) were evidenced. Interactions between diet and stocking density were recorded regarding the triglycerides (decrease in fish exposed to high density fed with basal and seaweed) and hepatic lipids (decrease in fish exposed to high density fed with basal). The major changes occurred in haematologic and metabolic parameters as strategies to cope with overcrowding stress. Fish response to stocking density was not affected by diets. 相似文献
17.
Growth performance and robustness of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in biofloc‐based nursery production with different stocking densities 
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下载免费PDF全文 The aim of this research is to evaluate the effects of biofloc system application at different fish density on the nursery production performance and the robustness of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) against Aeromonas hydrophila and salinity stress. An economic analysis was also performed to determine the most optimum fish density in biofloc‐based African catfish nursery production. African catfish with an average body weight of 0.96 ± 0.04 g and average body length of 4.20 ± 0.46 cm, respectively, were distributed in 12 units of circular plastic‐lined tanks (1,020 L). The experiment consisted of four treatments in triplicates, that is, a control without carbon source addition at a density of 4 fish/L, and three biofloc treatments at different densities, that is, BFT4 (4 fish/L), BFT6 (6 fish/L) and BFT8 (8 fish/L). Tapioca flour was used as the organic carbon source in biofloc systems and was added at an estimated C/N ratio of 10. Housing the fish in biofloc systems resulted in higher fish growth, more efficient feed utilization, higher fish robustness against A. hydrophila infection and salinity stress, as well as higher profitability of nursery production. Increasing the fish density resulted in higher mortality. However, higher number of fish produced and lower feed conversion ratio were observed in the treatments with higher density (6 and 8 fish/L). In conclusion, the application of biofloc technology at a density of 8 fish/L could be recommended to increase the production and profitability of African catfish nursery culture. 相似文献
18.
Jon-Erik Juell Frode Oppedal Karin Boxaspen & Geir Lasse Taranger 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(6):469-478
Artificial photoperiods that postpone sexual maturation and increase growth are now widely used in the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. farming industry. Few studies have been carried out to examine the effect of this treatment on fish behaviour and welfare in production cages. In this study, echo‐integration was used to observe the swimming depth and fish density of salmon in 20‐m‐deep production cages illuminated by lamps mounted above the water surface (SURF) or submerged in the cage (SUBS). From January to May, SUBS swam at a greater depth (5–11 m) than SURF (1–3 m) at night. SURF descended and SUBS ascended at dawn, but SUBS were still swimming at greater depth than SURF during the day from January to March. The difference in swimming depth resulted in SURF swimming at a median fish density about twice as high as SUBS at night and up to five times the calculated fish density. SURF increased the utilization of the cage volume as the biomass increased, but fish swimming at the highest density did so at up to 20 times the calculated fish density. The results suggest that salmon position themselves in relation to the artificial light gradient to maintain schooling behaviour and that the use of submersible lights may be a precaution to secure the welfare of caged salmon. 相似文献
19.
2018年4月采用回声探测仪(EY60,200 kHz)对广西洪潮江水库鱼类资源进行了水声学探测。结果显示,在时间尺度上,洪潮江水库鱼类密度昼夜差异不显著(P>0.05),但目标强度平均值为白天>夜间(P<0.05),昼夜目标强度分别为(-43.30±0.32)和(-44.50±0.26)dB,主要是由于夜晚(-60~-54 dB)的小型鱼类增加(-60~-57和-57~-54 dB范围分别增加9.25%和4.76%),而白天(-54~-48 dB)的鱼类比例增加所致(-54~-51和-51~-48 dB范围分别增加7.42%和5.27%)。在空间尺度上,洪潮江水库鱼类分布呈显著的空间变化特征(P<0.05)。鱼类密度呈上游高于下游、库汊高于库心的特征。密度平均值为109.52 ind./1000 m^3,最大值出现在上游S3站,平均密度为330.21 ind./1000 m^3。最小值为下游的S8站,平均密度为21.50 ind./1000 m^3。相关性分析表明,鱼类密度分布与总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、叶绿素a呈正相关,与水深呈负相关(P<0.05);鱼类目标强度与水温、浊度、TP、CODMn呈显著的负相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,洪潮江水库鱼类空间分布是多种非生物因子(如叶绿素a、TP等)共同作用的结果,其在一定程度上也反映了生物因子(鱼类索饵、逃避敌害等)对鱼类分布的影响。该研究对了解洪潮江水库鱼类资源状况和环境影响因素,以及渔业资源保护与管理具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
20.
Vlastimil Stejskal Jan Matoušek Markéta Prokešová Peter Podhorec Jiří Křišťan Tomáš Policar Tatyana Gebauer 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(2):253-262
We evaluated the relationship of stocking density to survival, growth performance and fin condition of European perch Perca fluviatilis with hand feeding and self-feeders. Hand-fed perch (body weight 19.1 ± 5.1 g and total length 107 ± 9 mm) were reared at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 fish/L. Self-feeding perch (body weight 25.4 ± 3.9 g and total length 128 ± 7 mm) were reared at stocking densities of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.4 fish/L. Pond-reared perch served as a comparison group for fin damage assessment. We found no differences in survival rate among stocking densities with either feeding method. Hand-fed fish displayed the highest weight gain and SGR at stocking density of 0.5 fish/L. The self-feeding fish showed a non-linear association of weight gain with stocking density with the highest growth at 1.0 fish/L. Fin length was noticeably greater in pond-reared fish compared with RAS-reared fish regardless of feeding method. In both experiments, fin length relative to standard length showed a negative relationship with stocking density, with pectoral fins showing the greatest effect. Fin condition deteriorated with increasing stocking density, and growth was highest at 0.5 and 1.0 fish/L in hand-fed and self-feeding fish, respectively. 相似文献