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1.
水稻种子耐低温发芽力的QTL定位及上位性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用种植在不同环境[南京(2002)、海南(2002—2003)、南京(2003)]下的Kinmaze/DV85重组自交系(RILs)群体, 对水稻种子萌发第10天的低温发芽力进行QTL分析。利用QTL mapping 2.0软件共检测到11个QTL, 其中qLTG-7和qLTG-11可在3个环境中稳定表达, 且最大贡献率均达到27.93%, 增强低温发芽的基因分别来自Kinmaze和DV85。与前人的研究比较发现, 这2个QTL可以在不同环境下和遗传背景中稳定表达。进一步上位性分析的结果表明, qLTG-11并不参与上位性互作, 而qLTG-7虽参与互作但其贡献率较小。1 相似文献
2.
PEG处理下青海栽培小麦萌发期及幼苗期抗旱性研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了给青海小麦抗旱性育种提供依据,以7个青海省培育并已大面积推广的普通小麦品种为材料,经过渗透胁迫处理（20% PEG6000）,研究小麦萌发期胚芽鞘长度及萌发率的变化和幼苗期部分生化指标（脯氨酸、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、可溶性糖）的变化。结果表明：渗透胁迫处理后,小麦萌发期胚芽鞘生长缓慢且萌发率低;幼苗期脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖的含量升高,CAT活性上升。初步判断出7个品种的抗旱性为‘小红麦’、‘阿勃最强’;‘乐麦5号’、‘互麦11’和‘山旱901’次之;‘互助红’和‘互麦15’抗旱性最弱。 相似文献
3.
水稻种子低温萌发力差,限制了直播稻的发展。为了促进水稻耐低温育种的研究,培育低温萌发能力强适宜直播的水稻新品种,本文概述了水稻种子低温萌发能力的评价方法;总结了水稻种子低温萌发时细胞膜性质、活性氧代谢、能量供给和激素含量等相关生理代谢的变化;概括了水稻种子低温萌发时依赖ABA信号转导和不依赖ABA信号转导的分子调控机制;综述了水稻低温萌发相关QTL定位和全基因组关联分析的遗传研究。在此基础上,综合分析了当前水稻耐低温萌发研究中存在的问题并提出了相关建议,旨在为水稻耐低温萌发的研究及新品种培育提供参考。 相似文献
4.
Fátima Bosetti Camila Montebelli Ana Dionísia L.C. Novembre Helena Pescarin Chamma José Baldin Pinheiro 《Breeding Science》2012,62(3):209-215
Low temperatures at the initial stages of rice development prevent fast germination and seedling establishment and may cause significant productivity losses. In order to develop rice cultivars exhibiting cold tolerance, it is necessary to investigate genetic resources, providing basic knowledge to allow the introduction of genes involved in low temperature germination ability from accessions into elite cultivars. Japanese rice accessions were evaluated at the germination under two conditions: 13°C for 28 days (cold stress) and 28°C for seven days (optimal temperature). The traits studied were coleoptile and radicle length under optimal temperature, coleoptile and radicle length under cold and percentage of the reduction in coleptile and radicle length due to low temperature. Among the accessions studied, genetic variation for traits related to germination under low temperatures was observed and accessions exhibiting adequate performance for all investigated traits were identified. The use of multivariate analysis allowed the identification of the genotypes displaying cold tolerance by smaller reductions in coleoptile and radicle lenght in the presence of cold and high vigour, by higher coleoptile and radicle growth under cold. 相似文献
5.
6.
空间诱变大麦的耐盐性筛选及大田鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着我国盐碱化现象的日趋严重,如何提高植物的抗盐性,培育抗盐耐盐新品种,增加在盐胁迫下农作物的产量一直是人们关注的课题。本文通过选取大麦品种花30中优良的突变单株,进行种子发芽期耐盐性筛选,再将其播种进行田间农艺性状鉴定实验。结果表明,4个供试材料的耐盐性均较好,4个供试材料的发芽率、胚芽鞘长度、主根长度尽管受到显著的抑制,但抑制程度均明显小于花30。在4个供试材料中Ha08-11成穗率高,属相好,应用前景十分看好,可以成为比较适合上海地区发展的大麦新株系。 相似文献
7.
苏中地区直播水稻的群体生产力及氮肥运筹的效应 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
近年来直播水稻在江苏等地区扩展迅速,但其栽培和育种的专项研究很少。本研究对江苏省苏中地区直播稻生产力水平进行了调查,在此基础上进一步实施水稻直播栽培模式下氮肥施用量和运筹比例试验,探讨直播水稻群体生长和产量形成对氮肥施用的反应特征。调查结果显示,苏中地区普通农户直播水稻的产量平均为7 710 kg hm-2,显著低于机插和人工移栽稻,直播稻氮肥施用量一般在270 kg N hm-2之上,氮肥不合理施用的现象普遍存在。小区试验表明,施氮量和氮肥运筹比例均对直播稻产量有显著影响,氮肥施用量主要通过有效穗数和每穗粒数对产量发挥作用,而氮肥运筹比例主要对每穗粒数产生影响。在本试验条件下,氮肥施用量270 kg N hm-2,基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=4∶3∶3的产量最高。在上述施肥条件下,直播水稻群体结构较为合理,个体和群体的物质生产量均处于较高水平,结实期物质生产能力较强,经济系数表现合理的较高水平(0.53左右),同时有相对较好的抗倒性能。对直播水稻的增产途径和高产群体特征进行了较深入的讨论。 相似文献
8.
为了研究不同小麦品种萌发期的耐盐性,为小麦萌发期耐盐性鉴定提供快速、准确的鉴定方法和理论依据。本研究以40个冬小麦品种为试验材料,通过主成分分析法(PCA)与神经网络自组织映射(SOM)聚类分析法,研究盐胁迫对40个小麦品种萌发期各项形态指标的影响。主成分分析法结果表明,发芽势、发芽率、最长根长、第一片叶长及胚芽鞘长在PCA下载荷量最大;根据SOM聚类分析结果,‘德抗961’等4个小麦品种属于高度耐盐品种,‘济麦22’等14个小麦品种属于耐盐性品种,‘济麦20’等16个品种属于中等耐盐性品种,‘鲁麦21’等6个小麦品种属于盐敏感性品种。发芽势、发芽率、最长根长、第一片叶长、胚芽鞘长能够作为萌发期小麦耐盐性筛选的主要评价指标,并且结合主成分、SOM聚类分析方法进行小麦萌发期耐盐性鉴定更为科学、方便。 相似文献
9.
Kenji Fujino Mari Obara Toshiaki Shimizu Kanako O. Koyanagi Tomohito Ikegaya 《Breeding Science》2015,65(5):403-410
Plant breeding programs in local regions may generate genetic variations that are desirable to local populations and shape adaptability during the establishment of local populations. To elucidate genetic bases for this process, we proposed a new approach for identifying the genetic bases for the traits improved during rice breeding programs; association mapping focusing on a local population. In the present study, we performed association mapping focusing on a local rice population, consisting of 63 varieties, in Hokkaido, the northernmost region of Japan and one of the northern limits of rice cultivation worldwide. Six and seventeen QTLs were identified for heading date and low temperature germinability, respectively. Of these, 13 were novel QTLs in this population and 10 corresponded to the QTLs previously reported based on QTL mapping. The identification of QTLs for traits in local populations including elite varieties may lead to a better understanding of the genetic bases of elite traits. This is of direct relevance for plant breeding programs in local regions. 相似文献
10.
Low temperature is a serious abiotic stress affecting rice production in subtropical and temperate areas. In this study, cold
tolerance of rice at the germination and seedling stages were evaluated using one recombinant inbred line (RIL) population
derived from a cross between Daguandao (japonica), with highly cold-tolerant at the seedling stage, and IR28 (indica), with more cold-tolerant at the germination stage, and the quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was conducted using the
multiple interval mapping (MIM) approach. Continuous segregation in low temperature germinability (LTG) and cold tolerance
at the seedling stage (CTS) were observed among the RIL populations. Most RILs were moderately susceptible or tolerant at
the germination stage, but were susceptible at the seedling stage. No significant relationship was found in cold tolerance
between the germination and seedling stages. A total of seven QTLs were identified with limit of detection (LOD) >3.0 on chromosomes
3, 8, 11 and 12, and the amount of variation (R
2) explained by each QTL ranged from 5.5 to 22.4%. The rice LTG might be regulated by two minor QTLs, with the CTS controlled
by one major QTL [qCTS8.1 (LOD = 16.1, R
2 = 22.4%)] and several minor loci. Among these loci, one simultaneously controls LTG (qLTG11.1) and CTS (qCTS11.1). Several cold-tolerance-related QTLs identified in previous studies were found to be near the QTLs detected here, and three
QTLs are novel alleles. The alleles from Daguandao at six QTLs increased cold tolerance and could be good sources of genes
for cold tolerance. In addition, only one digenic interaction was detected for CTS, with a R
2 value of 6.4%. Those major or minor QTLs could be used to significantly improve cold tolerance by marker-assisted selection
(MAS) in rice. 相似文献
11.
Direct seeding of rice as a method of crop establishment is increasingly being adopted by farmers as a means of saving labor and reducing costs. However, the method often results in a poor environment for germination as excessive water levels after seeding can cause poor seedling establishment and a concomitant reduction in yield potential, especially in submergence-prone areas. In this study, we discovered QTLs associated with tolerance of anaerobic germination (AG) in new genetic accessions using genotypic data derived from the Illumina 6K SNP chip. The mapping population developed for QTL analysis comprised 285 F2:3 plants derived from a cross between Tai Nguyen and Anda. In order to evaluate AG tolerance within the mapping population, phenotyping was carried out under anaerobic conditions for 21 days. Three QTLs associated with AG tolerance were identified in the population, qAG1a and qAG1b on chromosome 1 and qAG8 on chromosome 8 using composite interval mapping (CIM). The percentage of variance explained by these QTLs ranged from 5.49 to 14.14%. The lines with three QTLs (qAG1b?+?qAG1a?+?qAG8) demonstrated an approximate 50% survival rate under anaerobic conditions, while lines with two QTLs including qAG1b demonstrated survival rates of 36 and 32% after the treatment, respectively. The QTLs detected in this study may be used to improve AG tolerance during germination and may be combined with other QTLs for anaerobic germination to enhance adaptation to direct seeding and to broaden the understanding of the genetic control of tolerance of germination under anaerobic conditions. 相似文献
12.
72份冬小麦品种（系）胚芽鞘长度的聚类分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为掌握冬小麦在轻度干旱胁迫条件下的胚芽鞘长度变化规律,验证其作为冬小麦早期抗旱鉴选指标的可行性,以72份冬小麦品种（系）为试验材料,采用10% PEG-6000模拟田间干旱胁迫,对不同材料的胚芽鞘长度进行调查,运用聚类分析方法按遗传距离对所有材料分类,结合单粒重指标分析72份冬小麦材料差异表现的原因。结果表明,按欧式遗传距离的远近可将72份冬小麦材料分为5大类8小类,类群Ⅲ平均胚芽鞘长度比对照晋麦47长47.83%,单粒重指标和胚芽鞘长度指标间存在显著正相关。该结果为冬小麦抗旱育种的亲本选配及引种评价提供依据。 相似文献
13.
不同品种水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的耐镉性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【研究目的】为了明确不同品种水稻种子萌发和苗期对镉胁迫反应的差异,为小麦品种耐镉性筛选和耐镉育种提供理论参考;【方法】采用室内生物测定方法,在不同浓度镉胁迫下,通过对贵州省常见的12个水稻品种的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、芽长、根鲜重、芽鲜重、耐镉半致死浓度和耐镉致死浓度进行比较研究,并采用模糊数学隶属函数法对水稻的耐镉性进行综合评价。【结果】结果表明,随着镉胁迫浓度的增加,12个水稻品种种子萌发受到的抑制作用明显增强,发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、芽长、根鲜重、芽鲜重呈下降趋势,其中活力指数、根长、根鲜重对镉胁迫的反应更敏感;不同水稻品种间种子萌发受镉胁迫抑制的程度存在明显差异。耐镉半致死浓度为208~955 μmol/L、耐镉致死浓度940~3678 μmol/L。【结论】在供试的12个水稻品种中,II优808和川江优3号的耐镉性较强,而中优9801、宜香优101、冈优725和宜香1979的耐镉性较差,其他为耐镉性中等品种。 相似文献
14.
为了对比不同品种水稻发芽阶段的耐盐性,筛选出耐盐性更强的品种,以0、0.3%、0.5%NaCl处理水稻种子,分析不同程度盐胁迫下9个水稻品种生长指标的差异。结果表明,在水稻发芽阶段,0.3%和0.5%NaCl处理下显著抑制其出芽和生长,其中‘9311’水稻品种变化最小。与无盐处理相比,仅在0.5%NaCl处理下的芽长和根长显著降低,降幅分别为11.9%和11.5%。盐分胁迫对水稻种子发芽率的抑制程度高低顺序为‘G1’>‘银香38’>‘津原U99’>‘软香粳’>‘金稻919’>‘津原77’>‘津原E28’>‘天隆粳2号’>‘9311’。综合分析结果显示,随着盐浓度的升高,水稻的生长发育受到明显抑制,在9个水稻品种中‘9311’的耐盐性最强。 相似文献
15.
寒地水稻芽期耐碱鉴定指标分析与筛选 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用浓度为0.20％的Na2CO3+ NaHCO3混合碱对173份水稻材料做发芽试验处理,结果表明:胚根对碱胁迫反应最敏感,相对胚根长平均值仅为0.276,相对根干重为0.348;碱环境下发芽率较其他指标变化不明显;供试材料间相对芽鞘长差异较大,但芽鞘对碱环境的反应与耐碱性无关.通过各指标与耐碱级别的相关系数分析,认为影响耐碱级别划定的重要指标有相对芽干重、相对芽长、相对根干重、相对胚根长、相对根条数.通过逐步回归分析确定相对芽长、相对芽干重和相对根干重是水稻芽期耐碱的3大指标,用其可建立耐碱级别判定方程:Y=9.234 -4.506 X1 -2.167X2-2.621X3;还可以相对芽长、相对胚根长、相对根条数、相对芽干重、相对根干重5项鉴定指标建立耐碱级别判定方程:Y=11.251 -3.6747X1-1.641 X2 -1.179X3 -3.900 X4 - 1.973 X5,两方程结合应用则判定结果更加准确.分析显示,种质资源交流可丰富基因多样性,同时还可提高新品种的耐盐碱性能及其他抗逆性. 相似文献
16.
水稻萌发耐淹性种质资源筛选及QTL定位 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作者用水培的方法研究水稻不同生育期缺磷的影响,结果证明：幼苗期缺磷的影响最显著,表现出生长缓慢,分蘖减少。因此,栽培水稻在幼苗期及分蘖期充分供应磷肥有特别重要意义。 相似文献
17.
Qinghui Han Yao Shen Lv Lv Michael Lee Thomas Lübberstedt Guangwu Zhao 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(6):1125-1134
In arid or semi-arid regions, deep-sowing is an effective treasure to ensure seeds absorbing water from deep soil layer at present. However, the existing maize varieties have poor tolerance to deep-sowing, which is attributed to that few genes are explored and utilised. In this study, 243 IBM Syn4 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) constructed with B73 and Mo17 as parents and 1,339 DNA markers evenly distributed in 10 chromosomes, were used for QTL analysis of deep-sowing tolerance during seed germination. There were significant differences in germination-related traits between the parental lines at 12.5 cm sowing depth. Among them, 7, 7, 5, 10 and 2 QTLs for emergence rate, seedling length, plumule length, mesocotyl length and coleoptile length were detected, respectively. These QTLs explained 2.75% to 10.49% of the phenotypic variance with LOD scores ranging from 2.50 to 8.27. In addition, 12 overlapping QTLs formed five QTL clusters on chromosomes 3, 5, 7 and 9. This study provides a basis for molecular marker-assisted breeding and functional study in deep-sowing germination of maize. 相似文献
18.
丸化型水稻种衣剂的理化性能研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探明丸化型水稻种衣剂的理化性能,为水稻免耕直播栽培技术提供参考,用丸化型水稻种衣剂WHW-25包衣水稻种子,通过种衣剂的成膜、贮存试验和包衣种子的吸水率、水下萌发以及贮存等试验,研究丸化型水稻种衣剂WHW-25的理化性能,并与进口种衣剂适乐时进行比较。结果显示：丸化型水稻种衣剂成膜性、贮存性及丸衣透水性良好;丸化包衣种子在水下的发芽势、发芽率分别比未包衣的对照提高了36.3%和33.5%;贮存12个月,丸化包衣种子的发芽率比对照提高了35.6%;其综合效果优于对比试验所用的进口种衣剂。说明丸化型水稻种衣剂能显著促进水稻种子在水下的萌发、提高水稻种子的耐贮存性,其理化性能良好。 相似文献
19.
探讨水稻种子在不同温度处理条件下的发芽和秧苗素质情况,为种质资源的长期保存提供参考。以津川1号、津原45、津稻417、和越光为供试材料,对不同温度处理下粳稻种子的发芽和秧苗素质情况进行了调查。结果表明,当年收获以及低温处理的隔年水稻种子和室温放置处理相比,发芽速度较快,发芽势和发芽指数明显较高,而品种间的差异并不明显。在秧苗素质方面,室温放置条件下的种子,经过发芽培养后,在苗高、叶色、单位苗高茎叶干重以及单苗总根长、表面积、体积和根尖数上明显较低,品种间除茎基部宽厚度、单位苗高茎叶干重和根尖数外,其余各项指标均存在显著差异。 相似文献
20.
Deep-seeding tolerance, the emergence of seedlings from deep seeded conditions, is involved in stand establishment in semi-arid
regions, where the soil surface is too dry for seed germination. Genes determining deep-seeding tolerance in barley were mapped
using two doubled haploid populations derived from the following crosses: Harrington × TR306 (H/T)and Step toe × Morex (S/M).
Significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for deep-seeding tolerance were found in each population. Two QTL sex plained 40%
of the phenotypic variation in the H/T population and one QTL (S/M) 8% of the total phenotypic variance. Multiple QTLs accounting
for coleoptile length and first internode length were detected in both populations. In the H/T population, there were coincident
QTLs for deep-seeding tolerance, coleoptile length and first internode length on the long arm of chromosome 5H. These QTLs
correspond with previously reported QTLs for abscisic acid and gibberellic acid response. QTL coincidence may be due to the
pleiotropic effects of alleles at a single locus. This information may be useful for breeding programs manipulating morphological
and physiological traits in order to develop varieties for semi-arid regions.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献