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1.
An assessment of genetic diversity studies was undertaken to understand the level and pattern of diversity in 65 mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes of India including 20 commercial cultivars, 18 hybrids, 25 local genotypes and two exotic cultivars based on
qualitative and quantitative fruit characters as well as RAPD and ISSR profiles. A considerable variation was observed in
respect of three important qualitative characters namely table quality, fruit attractiveness and storage life of ripe fruits
and potentially superior genotypes for the above traits were identified. A wide variation was noticeable regarding metabolite
composition of pulp of ripe mango fruit with respect to total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar, acidity, sugar:acid
ratio, ascorbic acid and phenolic content. Fifteen RAPD primers yielded 27 monomorphic and 129 polymorphic bands with percent
polymorphism averaging 82.7%. Of a total 70 ISSR bands generated from eight ISSR primers, 60 bands (85.71%) were found to
be polymorphic. Cumulative band data from these two methods precisely arranged accessions into eight clusters which correspond
well with their pedigree relationship. UPGMA dendrograms drawn using RAPD, ISSR and cumulative data showed highly similar
grouping of genotypes on the basis of their parental origin. No clear-cut geographical separation was revealed among East,
West, North and South Indian mango cultivars by neither of these molecular markers nor their combinations. This supports the
common gene pool origin of mango as well as operation of similar selection pressure as the cultivar preferences in these areas
are largely similar. 相似文献
2.
The morphological and genetic variations in somaclones of chili pepper (Capsicumannuum L.) derived from tissue culture were evaluated. Cotyledonary node explants of cultivars, Shishitou and Takanotsume, were
cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzyladenine (BA)5 mg/l for shoots regeneration and regenerated
shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) 0.1 mg/l and indol-3-butyric acid(IBA) 0.05
mg/l. The regenerated plants(R0) were selfed to obtain seeds for next generation (R1 lines). Qualitative characters were studied in R0generation and both qualitative and quantitative characters were studied in R1 generation. In R0 generation, variations were noticed in plant growth habit, stem color, flower color and color of unripe fruits, and expression
of anthocyanin in unripe fruits. Comparison among the R1 lines and their parents were made for morphological and agronomic characters. Significant variation among R1 lines and differences between R1 lines and their parents were observed. Genetic variations among three somaclones were revealed by random amplified polymorphic
DNA (RAPD) analysis. Variation, such as early flowering and increase of yield components, is an indication of the response
to selection for any specific character. Occurrence of productive variants among somaclones of established cultivars, like
Shishitou and Takanotsume, indicates the possibility of their improvement through somaclonal variation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Mun Sup Yoon Jeongran Lee Chang Yung Kim Jung Hoon Kang Eun Gi Cho Hyung Jin Baek 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):69-77
Approximately 7,000 accessions of Korean soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) landraces, largely composed of three collections, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute’s soybean (KAS),
the Korean Crop Experiment Station’s soybean (KLS) and the Korean Agricultural Development and Technology Center’s soybean
(KADTC) collections, have been conserved at the Rural Development Administration (RDA) genebank in Korea. The accessions within
collections were classified based on their traditional uses such as sauce soybean (SA), sprouted soybean (SP), soybean for
cooking with rice (SCR), and OTHERS. A total of 2,758 accessions of Korean soybean landraces were used to profile and to evaluate
genetic structure using six SSR loci. A total of 110 alleles were revealed by at the six SSR loci. The number of alleles per
SSR locus ranged from 9 to 39 in Satt187 and Satt_074, respectively. The number of alleles ranged from 87 in the KADTC collection
to 96 in the KLS collection, and from 63 in the SCR group to 95 in the SP group. Nei’s average genetic diversity ranged from
0.68 to 0.70 across three collections, and 0.64 to 0.69 across the usage groups. The average between-group differentiation
(G
st) was 0.9 among collections, and 4.1 among the usage groups. The similar average diversity among three collections implies
that the genetic background of the three collections was quite similar or that there were a large number of duplicate accessions
in three collections. The selection from the four groups classified based upon usage may be a useful way to select accessions
for developing a Korean soybean landrace core collection at the RDA genebank. DNA profile information of accessions will provide
indications of redundancies or omissions and aid in managing the soybean collection held at the RDA genebank. The information
on diversity analysis could help to enlarge the genetic diversity of materials in breeding programs and could be used to develop
a core collection. 相似文献
4.
N. K. Krishna Kumar M. Aradya A. A. Deshpande N. Anand P. R. Ramachandar 《Euphytica》1996,89(3):319-324
Summary A preliminary evaluation for resistance to chili thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood of 41 and 194 pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) germplasms during 1987 and 1988, respectively, indicated chili accessions may be a promising source of resistance. In contrast, all sweet pepper accessions tested were highly susceptible. A number of chili accessions produced a moderate yield, in spite of a high thrips infestation indicating tolerance to S. dorsalis. Rating for thrips damage was more reliable and efficient than estimating thrips numbers in screening pepper accessions for resistance to thrips. Highly significant, positive correlation between ratings at the seedling stage and final rating for thrips damage indicated the feasibility of screening pepper accessions at the seedling stage. Comparing the similarities in rating among accessions resulted in 40 distinct groups. The variance-covariance matrix of the data from these 40 groups was subjected to principal component analysis. This accounted for 56 and 18 per cent of the variation across the two principal axes, respectively. Projection of chili and sweet pepper accessions along these two axes revealed three distinct clusters. About 80 per cent of chili accessions formed the first cluster, 58 per cent of the sweet pepper accessions formed the second cluster and a third cluster exhibited intermediate ratings for thrips damage. The significance of these findings in relation to geographical divergence and resistance to thrips among pepper accessions is discussed. 相似文献
5.
中国花生核心种质的建立及与ICRISAT花生微核心种质的比较 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
以中国花生种质资源数据库中记录的6 390份花生资源为材料, 以其基本数据、特征数据和评价数据为信息, 采用分层分组聚类以及随机取样与必选资源相结合的方法, 构建了由576份资源组成的花生核心种质, 占基础收集品的9.01%。除出仁率外, 核心种质与基础收集品种间的其他14个性状平均值和多样性指数差异均不明显, 表明本研究建立的核心种质是有效的。与ICRISAT花生微核心种质的比较, 中国花生资源在龙生型和珍珠豆型方面具有优势, 叶片长、叶片宽、种子长、种子宽的遗传多样性丰富; 而ICRISAT花生资源在多粒型和普通型方面具有优势, 且植株高度和总分枝数的遗传多样性比中国花生资源丰富。 相似文献
6.
A total of 67 hot pepper accessions were evaluated based on 35 morphological and physiological characters. Differences were
observed in a number of characters. The accessions were grouped into six clusters, mainly based on fruit weight, 1000 seed
weight, and fruit number per plant.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
为有效地利用黄秋葵种质资源,给新品种选育提供理论依据,以60份黄秋葵种质资源为试验材料,对31个植物学特征和生物学特性指标进行了遗传多样性分析和相关性分析。结果表明:(1)黄秋葵植物学特征间存在明显相关性,茎色、茎表面、叶色、果色呈同一对应关系。叶姿越直立的,其叶型多为浅裂叶或全叶,花冠中等偏小,种子形状多是圆形;反之,叶姿下垂的,叶型多为深裂叶,花冠较大,种子多为扁圆形、肾形。(2)黄秋葵的生物学特性多样性丰富,存在广泛变异,其变异系数排序为:种子产量(72.51%)果数(43.84%)叶柄长(40.84%)果长(36.95%)第1朵花开花天数(28.22%)叶片长度(22.69%)叶片宽度(21.28%)分枝数(21.05%)株高(20.99%)开花天数(18.14%)出苗天数(16.96%)生育天数(8.97%)花瓣数(2.57%)。(3)黄秋葵生物学特性间存在明显相关性,黄秋葵种子产量与叶柄长度、果数、叶片长度、叶片宽度、开花天数达极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.53、0.49、0.46、0.39、0.37。开展黄秋葵种质遗传多样性的研究对黄秋葵种质的鉴定、评价及利用有着重要的意义。 相似文献
8.
9.
通过分析评价野生刺梨(Rosa roxburghii Tratt.)资源居群遗传多样性和遗传结构,同时构建核心种质,为刺梨资源的保护和发掘利用提供科学依据。本研究利用10对EST-SSR引物和9个果实品质性状指标对收集的12个刺梨自然居群(共102份种质)的遗传多样性及遗传结构进行分析,同时结合原贵州省32份初级核心种质,采用位点优先取样策略进一步构建西南地区核心种质。结果表明,黔西(QX)居群拥有最高的Shannon信息指数I=0.6965,基因多样性指数h=0.3935,多态位点百分率p=84.62%;而古丈(GZ)居群则无论在分子数据还是表型数据都表现为遗传多样性最低;AMOVA分析表明刺梨居群内遗传变异在87%以上,居群间基因流Nem在3.5以上、平均Nei’s遗传距离(GD)0.223。构建的19份核心种质等位基因保留率和稀有等位基因保留率均为100%,能够代表原种质的遗传多样性。西南地区野生刺梨的遗传变异主要发生在居群内,居群间具有基因交流频繁、Nei’s遗传距离小等特点,构建的19份核心种质从等位基因保留率、稀有等位基因保留率及地理分布均能够较好地代表原种质的遗传多样性。自然居群以黔西(QX)居群遗传多样性最高。因此,野生刺梨的保护策略可采用就地保护黔西(QX)居群与迁地保护19份核心种质相结合的方法进行。 相似文献
10.
为了探讨百合杂交后代重要性状的遗传变异规律,以亚洲百合品种Nello、Benfica和野生种大花卷丹杂交获得的210株F_1群体为研究对象,对亲本和F_1植株株高、叶部性状和花部性状等共13个表型性状进行统计分析。结果表明,杂种F_1的株高、叶长和内、外花被片长表现出减小趋势;杂种F_1平均花朵数量、花朵直径、叶宽、叶片数和内、外花被片宽分别占中亲值的116.2%,118.6%,115.2%,106.4%,113.9%,122.3%,表现出一定的杂交优势,但2个杂交组合杂种优势不同;株高、叶长、叶宽、叶片数量和花朵数量变异系数较大,均达15%以上,具有丰富的变异性。杂交F_1花色分布比较集中,多呈现不同深浅的橙色,也有少量黄色个体;2个杂交后代群体在斑点性状上发生了分离,斑点分离比(无斑∶有斑)分别为47∶78和24∶61,且有斑个体之间斑点数量不同;F_1花型多为碗型,表现出偏母性遗传的特点;各性状之间具有极显著的相关性。Nello、Benfica和大花卷丹杂交F_1表型性状发生广泛分离,并且出现大量超亲和低亲个体,有利于选择大花、多花、矮生的优良单株。 相似文献
11.
XU Yi ZHANG Lie-Mei GUO Yan-Chun QI Jian-Min ZHANG Li-Lan FANG Ping-Ping ZHANG Li-Wu 《作物学报》2019,45(11):1672-1681
遴选黄麻核心种质可为黄麻种质创新及新品种选育奠定基础。本研究以300份黄麻种质资源为基础,基于SSR分子标记和农艺性状考察,结合地理来源构建核心种质。结果表明,11个农艺性状变异系数变幅在13.06%～84.87%,表现出丰富的遗传多样性。按农艺性状聚类分析可划分为8个类群,按分子标记聚类可划分为10个类群。结合2个聚类分析、地理位置并按比例取样,建立一个由108份品种(系)组成的预选核心种质。采用44对SSR引物对其进行遗传差异分析,在遗传相似系数为0.65时,可把108份品种(系)分成圆果种和长果种两大类。根据遗传差异分析,剔除遗传相似系数大于或等于0.85的遗传冗余,获得84份品种(系)的核心种质,其中圆果种60份和长果种24份。比较84份核心种质与300份种质的农艺性状变异系数及Shannon-Wiener指数发现,两者之间相差不大,表明遴选的84份核心种质可以最大限度代表300份黄麻种质资源的遗传多样性加以利用和保存。 相似文献
12.
Awang Maharijaya Ben Vosman Greet Steenhuis-Broers Asep Harpenas Agus Purwito Richard G. F. Visser Roeland E. Voorrips 《Euphytica》2011,177(3):401-410
Thrips are damaging pests in pepper worldwide. They can cause damage directly by feeding on leaves, fruits or flowers, and
also indirectly by transferring viruses, especially tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Although thrips are among the most damaging
pests in pepper, until now there is no commercial variety with a useful level of resistance to thrips. This is at least partly
due to the lack of knowledge on resistance levels in pepper germplasm of QTLs and/or genes for resistance, and of information
about resistance mechanisms to thrips in pepper. This paper describes our research aimed at developing practical and reliable
screening methods for thrips resistance in pepper and at identifying pepper accessions showing a strong resistance to thrips.
Thirty-two pepper accessions from four species of pepper (Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense and C. frutescens) and two species of thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips parvispinus) were used in this study. Our results indicate that the laboratory based leaf disc test and the detached leaf test can be
used as reliable screening methods for thrips resistance in pepper. We observed a large variation for resistance to thrips
in Capsicum that can be exploited in breeding programs. 相似文献
13.
14.
为了建立合理的柚类分类系统并为柚类育种提供参考,本研究以82份柚类种质资源为试材,采用变异系数、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数、方差、相关性、主成分、聚类、回归分析等对其26个表型性状进行多样性分析、差异分析及综合评价。结果表明:这82个品种的26个性状的变异系数为0.26%。其中翼叶面积和果心面积变异较大,其他性状遗传特性较稳定;单果重、果横径、果形指数、果皮厚、囊瓣数、种子数、果心长和宽、叶片长和宽、叶片面积、花瓣宽、花柄长等性状等级分布均匀,翼叶面积、花瓣数、雄蕊长分级较少且分布不均;来源于中国大陆以外品种的果皮厚、叶柄长、翼叶长,明显优于长江流域和珠江流域来源的材料,但雌蕊长则相反;选育品种的叶片长、宽和面积显著大于遗传材料和地方品种;82个品种可聚为大翼叶大果型、大翼叶小果型,小翼叶大果型,小翼叶小果型4个类群;前7个主成分累计贡献率75.57%,包含了柚类表型性状的大部分信息;26个性状F平均值0.45,其中早暹柚得分最高为0.69,红肉琯溪蜜柚最低为0.24;囊瓣数、种子数等12个性状与F值极显著相关;回归方程筛选出单果重、囊瓣数等19个性状。本研究说明柚类种质资源具有较高的表型多样性,筛选出的19个性状可作为柚类综合评价指标,为柚类育种提供科学依据。 相似文献
15.
Genetic heterogeneity within genebank accessions of a self-pollinating crop has great implications for their preservation,
diversity assessment, utilization and exploitation. This study investigated the intra-accession diversity of 38 flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genebank accessions preserved by Plant Gene Resources of Canada. Seven quantitative seed characters were studied: 1000
seed weight, seed oil concentration and fatty acid proportion of palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1),
linoleic acid (18:2) and α-linolenic acid (18:3). Ten additional morphological characters of high heritability were also recorded.
In 13 accessions the intra-accession diversity was assessed based on 4 years of observation of 7–12 pure lines selected randomly
from the original accessions. From these 13 accessions, seven showed significant variation among the pure lines for all seven
seed characters. In five accessions most seed characters showed significant variation and only in one accession the homogeneity
of seed characters dominated. Variation was found in landraces, breeding material and cultivars. In 40 cases an attempt was
made to identify pure lines within an accession that significantly exceeded the mean value of the original accession in a
seed character, for which the original accession had shown high or low values. In 25 cases and for all seven seed characters
such pure lines could be detected. In six cases, the most extreme performing pure lines were not from the same accession,
that had the highest or lowest accession mean for the considered character. There was no association of morphological variation
with variation of the quantitative seed characters. For genebanks, separation of mixed accessions based on obvious phenotypic
diversity and in particular based on characters that create a selective pressure is probably the most efficient way to ensure
preservation of a wide range of diversity at reasonable cost. For exploitation of diversity in breeding programmes, pure-lining
is very useful.
J. Philip Raney—Deceased. 相似文献
16.
Agronomic and fruit quality traits were evaluated and compared for three consecutive years on 1,111 seedlings coming from
15 peach and nectarine breeding crosses, grown under a Mediterranean climate. Significant differences among and within the
different progenies were found for most of the traits analyzed. The breeding population segregated for several Mendelian characters
such as peach or nectarine fruit, round or flat fruit, yellow or white flesh and freestone or clingstone. In addition, aborting
fruit and flat fruit trees were found in our progeny, and our data seem to support multi-allelic control of both flat shape
and aborting fruit. The variation within the progenies of some traits such as blooming and harvesting date, yield, fruit weight
and SSC was continuous, suggesting a polygenic inheritance. Relationships between qualitative pomological traits and these
agronomic and fruit quality parameters were also found. Valuable correlations among agronomic and fruit quality parameters
were found, although coefficients of variation depending on the progeny should be considered. In addition, principal component
analysis (PCA) revealed several relationships among quality traits in the evaluated progenies. Based on this evaluation, 26
outstanding genotypes were pre-selected from the initial breeding population for further studies. 相似文献
17.
18.
软枣猕猴桃种质资源果实品质、表型性状多样性及主成分分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为更好的分析、评价软枣猕猴桃种质资源多样性,对70份种质资源果实的15个性状指标进行了相关性及主成分分析。结果表明,种质间各性状变异幅度较大,类型丰富。相关性分析结果表明,一些果实性状间存在显著或极显著相关;主成分分析结果表明各性状的贡献率分散,性状变异具有多向性。其中,第1主成分主要由果实质量、果实纵径、横径、侧径及果梗长决定,第2主成分主要由果皮颜色、表皮光滑度及果形指数决定,第3主成分主要代表可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物及维生素C含量,第4主成分反映了果实可滴定酸含量情况。因此在软枣猕猴桃育种改良过程中,第1主成分增大时有利于增大果实大小,第3主成分增大时有利于提高果实品质。 相似文献
19.
Akshay K. Pradhan Yaspal S. Sodhi Arundhati Mukhopadhyay Deepak Pental 《Euphytica》1993,69(3):219-229
Summary Divergence of 25 accessions of Brassica juncea of Indian, CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States, former USSR) and synthetic origin was studied by D2 analysis. On the basis of divergence, ten accessions were selected and crossed in a diallel fashion without reciprocals to study the combining ability and heterosis. None of the accessions was found to be a good general combiner for all the nine quantitative characters that were studied. Significant heterosis over better parent for single plant yield was recorded in CIS x Indian and synthetic x CIS crosses (5 each) followed by Indian x synthetic types (3). The analysis of component characters showed that the mean performance of the majority of hybrids was intermediate for five out of six yield attributing traits, thus exhibiting dominance or partial dominance effect. To estimate the contribution of such yield attributing traits towards heterosis for yield, a comparison was made among three parameters viz. heterosis over mid parent (MP), better parent (BP) and better yielding parent (BYP) of the concerned hybrid. It was observed that estimation of heterosis from BYP was a more accurate method to determine the contribution of component characters towards yield heterosis than the analysis based on MP and BP. From the component character analysis, it was concluded that characters like number of primary and secondary branches, number of siliqua per plant and siliqua density contributed significantly towards heterosis in yield. Plot level yield trials of two selected hybrids (Skorospieka II x RH30 and Donskaja IV x Varuna) over two growing seasons revealed 29.4 to 91.8% heterosis over BYP. 相似文献
20.
酸枣种质资源果实主要数量性状变异及相关性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对149份酸枣种质的主要数量性状进行分析研究,得出了酸枣果实主要数量性状的变异情况、主要数量性状间的相关性。以149份酸枣种质为材料,对其主要数量性状的变异和相关性进行了分析。结果表明,变异系数的分布范围很广,在6.94%~56.18%之间。可溶性总糖和单果重呈极显著正相关,和可食率呈显著正相关;可滴定酸和单果重、果核指数呈极显著负相关,和可食率、千仁重呈显著负相关,和维生素C呈极显著正相关;维生素C和单果重呈显著负相关。 相似文献