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大棚内栽培桃树与露地果园生长的桃树病虫害种类与发生特点有所不同,通过对大棚栽培桃树病虫害调查,查明主要病虫害的种类与发生特点,为防治工作提供依据。结果表明,大棚桃树主要病虫害种类共有20种,其中病害6种,虫害14种,主要的必须进行防治的病虫害有桃细菌性穿孔病、桃流胶病、桃根癌病、桃蚜、桃粉大尾蚜、山楂红蜘蛛、桃潜蛾、小绿叶蝉8种。通过对主要病虫害的发生危害规律的观察,总结出发生特点。 相似文献
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通过对福鼎市四季柚果园病虫害的系统调查,结果表明:福鼎市危害四季柚的病虫害共有36种,其中危害较为普遍且严重的主要病害有6种、虫害13种;并提出了严格执行检疫制度、严防病虫扩散,强化日常有害生物监管,加强栽培抚育管理,重视果园生态环境卫生,适时选用生物农药开展防治,充分利用和保护天敌等防控措施。 相似文献
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镇康县膏桐林病虫害调查初报 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
于2008年3～4月在镇康县勐捧乡流水村膏桐种植基地对膏桐林病虫害进行了初步调查,结果显示:膏桐林主要受到地下害虫的危害,害虫类群及发生率分别是白蚁77.78%、金龟22.22%、金针虫22.22%,其中白蚁的危害指数达到52.78;主要病害有膏桐茎腐病及膏桐根腐病,其危害率分别为9.67%、3.17%,危害指数分别为7.83、2.22.另外,冻害的危害率达13.0%;幼林管护中存在牲畜破坏的问题,因放牧造成的机械损伤达18.67%.提出了把好育苗关、进行科学造林、适时管护和病虫害防治等病虫害控制建议. 相似文献
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为了解北京市大运河森林公园白皮松病虫害的发生情况,给出主要病虫害的防治对策,于2022年11月至2023年1月对北京市大运河森林公园白皮松病虫害进行了系统调查,在此次调研过程中,共发现了10种病虫害,包括5种病害：松落针病、褐斑病、松针赤枯病、煤污病、松赤落叶病;5种虫害：红脂大小蠹、松大蚜、松梢螟、纵坑切梢小蠹、微红梢斑螟。其中,危害面积最大、危害程度最高的病害为松落针病,危害面积达到了0.89 hm2,感病株率为78.00%,感病指数为39;其次为褐斑病,危害面积为0.69 hm2,感病株率为73.00%,感病指数为35,病情等级均达到了Ⅴ级,危害程度为中等。而发生最为严重的虫害为红脂大小蠹,危害面积为1.32 hm2,有虫株率为93.00%,虫口密度为11头/50 cm枝;其次为松大蚜,危害面积为1.01 hm2,有虫株率为89.00%,虫口密度为9头/50 cm枝,二者病情等级均为Ⅴ级,危害程度为中等。在对大运河森林公园白皮松病虫害调查内容的基础上,提出了对几种危害范围较广、程度较强、危害性... 相似文献
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我国林木良种繁育现状及发展趋势 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
文章对我国林木良种繁育的现状及发展趋势进行了综合评述。从８０年代起,我国进行了大规模的林木良种基地建设,并对４０多个主要造林树种,开展了不同水平的遗传改良,取得了显著成效。林木良种繁育工作,充分利用种源、林分和个体选择的结果,按照自然区划和树种特点,建立不同层次的种子生产基地。当前存在的主要问题是园址选择不尽合适,繁殖材料选择、配置不当,经营管理粗放,产量较低,在种子园建设中,对实生种子园有所忽略 相似文献
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Martin K. Obrist Emilie Rathey Fabio Bontadina Marco Moretti 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(3):789-798
We assessed the effect of abandonment of sylvo-pastoral practices in chestnut orchards (Castanea sativa) on bats in southern Switzerland to determine practical recommendations for bat conservation. We compared bat species richness and foraging activities between traditionally managed and unmanaged chestnut orchards, testing the hypothesis that managed orchards provide better foraging opportunities and harbour more bat species. Echolocation calls of foraging bats were sampled simultaneously at paired sites of managed and unmanaged orchards using custom made recorders. Vegetation structure and aerial insect availability were sampled at the recording sites and used as explanatory variables in the model. In a paired sampling design, we found twice the number of bat species (12) and five times higher total foraging activity in the managed chestnut orchards compared to the unmanaged ones. Bat species with low flight manoeuvrability were 14 times more common in managed orchards, whereas bats with medium to high manoeuvrability were only 5 times more common than in abandoned orchards. The vegetation structure was less dense in managed orchards. However, management did not affect relative insect abundance. Bats primarily visited the most open orchards, free of undergrowth. As a result of restricted access into the overgrown forests, the abandonment of chestnut orchards leads to a decline in bat species richness and foraging activities. Continued management of chestnut orchards to maintain an open structure is important for the conservation of endangered bat species in the southern Swiss Alps. 相似文献
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Pedro José Correia José Filipe Guerreiro Maribela Pestana Maria Amélia Martins-Loução 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(2):295-306
This paper offers a different framework for managing Mediterranean drought carob-tree orchard ecosystems. Two dry-farming systems were compared during two consecutive years: pure productive orchards and mixed orchards in a total of 360 mature trees distributed by 18 plots with areas of 0.55 and 0.30 ha per plot, respectively. Carob, fig, almond and olive trees compose mixed orchards. Trees of the mixed orchards were more productive than those of pure orchards. The main problem of both systems was the large variability and the low fruit production due to non-bearing trees, inducing unfavorable economic returns. Yield varied between 7.7 and 28.5 kg tree?1 respectively in pure and mixed orchards. In this paper we propose to use carbon sequestration calculations as an added benefit to farmers. A carbon stocking model estimation was established, based on trunk diameters of different trees. We depicted two management scenarios based on fruits production and carbon sequestration incomes: a low value scenario, using mean fruit production, and a high valuable scenario based on the hypothesis that all trees reached its potential maximum. Since under dry-farming systems fruit production irregularity is still a pendent problem, mixed orchards may offer a potential higher revenue, while maintaining higher crop diversification and whole biodiversity. C sequestration benefit, as here we purpose, may represent 125–300 % of income, respectively under low or high valuable scenario. Thus, CO2 equivalent is a novel ecological economic incentive that may potentiate a new income for farmers while assuring carob ecosystem services. 相似文献
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随着可持续发展战略的实施，探索较优的生态农业模式是当前我国生态农业主要研究方向。本研究对冀北山区果园现状、脆弱性、建园模式进行分析的同时，也对果园建设提出了期望。 相似文献
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《Southern Forests》2013,75(2):145-154
Eucalyptus globulus is the main eucalypt species grown in Australian plantations. The focus on seedling deployment systems, coupled with exploitation of large, open-pollinated base populations for breeding purposes over the last two decades, has required a detailed understanding of the reproductive biology of this species. We review our research on the reproductive biology of E. globulus, with a focus on its breeding system and advances made in seed production systems. While most improved seed is still obtained from open-pollinated seedling or grafted seed orchards, the development of the one-stop/single-visit pollination procedure has revolutionised the breeding and deployment of this species. The reduced costs of controlled pollination has meant full pedigree-control can now be maintained in large advanced-generation breeding populations and E. globulus is one of the few eucalypt species where large-scale production of manually pollinated seed for family forestry is being undertaken. 相似文献