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1.
玉米苗期水分胁迫下相关基因差异表达研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用cDNA-AFLP技术对玉米幼苗在PEG胁迫和土壤干旱胁迫下的基因表达进行了研究分析,获得转录本衍生片段(TDFs)488条,经测序和同源比对获得42个cDNAs。同源性BLAST搜索结果表明:18个cDNAs的同源序列均为功能未知的玉米克隆,7个cDNAs序列与功能已知的玉米基因同源,5个TDFs序列与功能未知的水稻克隆同源,7个TDFs序列与功能已知的水稻基因同源,剩余的cDNAs序列分别与西红柿、高粱等同源。在获得的cDNAs片段中,既有与干旱胁迫相关的重要功能蛋白,也有一些重要的转录因子。 相似文献
2.
为了分离和识别小麦抗旱相关基因,给小麦抗旱节水育种提供依据,以既抗旱又具备高水分利用效率的新疆春小麦主栽品种新春6号为材料,采用cDNA-AFLP技术,分析了小麦在两叶一心期干旱胁迫条件下的诱导表达基因。通过253对引物组合的筛选,共得到748个干旱胁迫特异上调表达的转录衍生片段(TDF)。对其中22条片段进行克隆、测序、Blastx比对和功能分类分析的结果表明,有18个TDFs所推导的蛋白质序列与NCBI已有序列同源,功能涉及逆境胁迫反应、发育、信号转导、抗病蛋白、跨膜转运、能量代谢等方面;有4个TDFs在NCBI找到同源序列,但功能未知。 相似文献
4.
低温胁迫下茶树基因表达的差异分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用cDNA-AFLP技术分析了茶树在低温胁迫下的基因表达差异。用16对引物(256个组合)对三个样品池进行了差异条带的筛选,结果表明,在冷胁迫不同处理时期相关基因表达存在显著差异,共获得了86个差异片段。在选择回收的10条差异表达cDNA片段中,经克隆测序,Blast序列同源性检索,显示其中片段1与一种低温和盐胁迫响应蛋白有77%的同源性,片段5与拟南芥冷诱导表达相关60 s ribosomal protein L7(RPL7B)有89%的同源性;片段8与一种逆境诱导蛋白(Stress-induced H1-Histone protein)有79%的同源性;片段9与干旱条件下的EST序列有着较高的同源性,其它6个片段在GenBank数据库中未找到相似序列,可能为新基因。 相似文献
5.
应用cDNA-AFLP技术筛选炭疽菌（Colletotrichum sp.1）危害诱导茶树毛蟹品种（Camellia sinensis cv. Maoxie）的差异表达基因,为探究茶树抗炭疽菌的分子机制奠定基础。利用256对选择性扩增引物组合分析病菌接种后0 h和48 h的叶片cDNA,经筛选、测序和BLAST比对获得136条差异表达片段（TDFs）。同源基因功能分析结果表明,128条TDFs与Nr数据库已有基因同源,其功能以胁迫响应、生物调控与信号转导为主;其中51条TDFs与TPIA数据库中冷害、干旱、盐碱条件下的差异表达基因高度同源。进一步对27条TDFs进行qRT-PCR验证,结果显示,有24条TDFs的表达情况与cDNA-AFLP的结果一致,WRKY转录因子、乙烯响应转录因子、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶等抗逆相关基因的表达显著上调。本试验通过筛选获得差异表达的抗逆相关基因,为后续的基因功能研究奠定基础。 相似文献
6.
研究柱花草在低磷条件下生长的分子机理和反应机制。采用cDNA-SRAP分子标记技术分离柱花草茎和叶在低磷胁迫下相关基因的差异表达片段,并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果表明,8对引物组合共扩增出差异片段195条,其中抑制型表达片段56条,诱导型表达片段92条,上调表达型差异片段36条,下调表达型片段11条,大小均在50~1000 bp之间。二次扩增后将特异性条带回收后进行测序,通过BLAST比对,共比对出14条差异片段的同源序列,其中8个差异表达的核苷酸序列与已知功能基因（JCVI-FLLj-1K4未知mRNA、NBS-LRR型抗病蛋白、ATP合成酶、醛固酮还原酶、叶绿体RF2）有较高同源性,5个序列与假定基因或预测基因（UPF0051蛋白、蛋白酶启动子、SCEI结合酶、吲哚-3-丙酮酸盐单氧酶）同源性较高。本研究为筛选柱花草响应低磷胁迫的差异基因提供参考。 相似文献
7.
cDNA-AFLP结合BSA研究马铃薯晚疫病菌小种特异无毒基因差异表达片段 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过对具有 6个无毒基因不同表型的马铃薯晚疫病菌构建的 4个混合池进行cDNA AFLP分析 ,得到与 6个与无毒基因相关的差异表达片段 (TDFs) 85条 ,其中与无毒基因Avr1相关的为 2 0条 ,Avr2 2 8条 ,Avr3 Avr10 Avr1116条 ,Avr4 2 1条。差异表达片段大小主要分布在 10 0bp和 30 0bp之间 ,最小片段为 6 0bp ,最大片段 4 40bp。差异表达片段的获得将有利我们下一步克隆全长无毒基因和对晚疫病垂直抗性机制的研究 相似文献
8.
《热带作物学报》2017,(12)
为了探讨半膜覆盖调控玉米生长的差异表达基因及分子机制,以‘浚单29’为材料,露地栽培作为对照,与半膜覆盖间隔种植,利用cDNA-AFLP技术,采用90对单引物筛选半膜覆盖下差异表达基因,并进行生物信息学分析。结果表明,利用90对单引物组合共扩增出2 298条差异片段,其中上调表达的有1 429条,占总条带数的45%;下调表达的有869条,占总条带数的23.7%;无差异表达的有877条,占总条带数的27.6%。选择重复扩增稳定的20条差异片段进行回收测序,经过Blast数据库对比和基因注释分析,再将所得的15条差异片段按功能分为细胞骨架相关基因(13.3%)、能量代谢相关基因(13.3%)、细胞挽救和防御相关基因(6.7%)、转录过程相关基因(40%)、胞内转运相关基因(6.7%)和未知功能基因(20%)6大类。分析其中一些重要的基因,如RPM1在逆境抗性中起作用,MYM锌指蛋白、BCAS2蛋白和EIF3B翻译起始因子都与调控转录翻译相关。通过c DNA-AFLP技术筛选了多个半膜覆盖下差异表达的基因,为揭示半膜覆盖影响玉米生长发育的分子机制提供了基础资料。 相似文献
9.
植物乙二醛酶系统在清除非生物胁迫产生的甲基乙二醛(MG)中起着重要作用。玉米基因组中有3个编码乙二醛酶基因(ZmGly1、ZmGly2和ZmGly3)。利用qRT-PCR技术解析ZmGly在玉米不同组织器官和不同胁迫条件下的表达差异，克隆MG降解关键基因ZmGly1。结果表明，ZmGly1和ZmGly2在叶片中的相对表达量较高，ZmGly3在茎中的表达量较高。除涝害处理下表达量降低外，ZmGly1和ZmGly3叶片中的相对表达量在干旱、盐、高温和低温处理下均随处理时间的延长呈现先升高后降低的趋势；ZmGly2在所有胁迫处理下均呈现先升高后降低的趋势。测序结果表明，克隆到的ZmGly1片段大小及序列正确。ZmGly在不同器官中的表达不仅具有特异性，而且对不同非生物逆境胁迫的响应各异。 相似文献
10.
WRKY是一类在逆境胁迫响应中起重要调控作用的转录因子。基于盐胁迫下的玉米转录组数据,确定了16个差异表达的WRKY基因家族成员。利用生物信息学方法对各成员理化性质、染色体分布、蛋白保守结构域、系统进化、顺式作用元件及盐胁迫下的相对表达量进行分析验证。结果表明,16个差异表达的WRKY基因家族成员主要分布在玉米的7条染色体上,各成员之间理化性质存在差异。qRT-PCR 验证结果表明,不同基因家族成员对盐胁迫的敏感程度不同,对胁迫处理时间的响应也有所不同。ZmWRKY106、ZmWRKY108、ZmWRKY91、ZmWRKY27在盐胁迫后24 h内均未参与表达,经盐胁迫处理6 h后ZmWRKY63表达量达到最高。各家族成员对盐胁迫的响应及敏感程度不同,可能与各成员间理化性质和结构的差异以及所含的顺式作用元件、内含子和motif类型有关。 相似文献
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12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献