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以京科糯2000等3个糯玉米品种为试验材料，系统分析糯玉米子粒淀粉形态和结构对硬度的影响及各指标的相关性。结果表明，不同糯玉米品种子粒蒸煮后硬度最低的是京科糯768（2 342.00 g），其次是京科糯2000（2 504.50 g），分别比苏玉糯2号低35.50%和31.02%；蒸煮后子粒回生值以京科糯2000（966.25 g）最低，其次是京科糯768（1 142.25 g），分别比苏玉糯2号低28.56%和15.55%。不同品种糯玉米淀粉结晶度表现，苏玉糯2号（43.64%）>京科糯2000（40.96%）>京科糯768（40.59%）。淀粉颗粒平均粒径以京科糯2000最大，其次是京科糯768，苏玉糯2号淀粉颗粒平均粒径最小。相关分析表明，蒸煮后子粒硬度及蒸煮后子粒回生值与淀粉结晶度呈显著正相关，与淀粉平均粒径呈显著负相关。综合分析表明，淀粉结晶度小、淀粉颗粒大是京科糯768和京科糯2000子粒硬度小的主要原因。 相似文献
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以8个不同糯玉米品种为材料,利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法,测定糯玉米适采期鲜子粒叶酸含量和蒸煮后熟子粒叶酸含量。结果表明,糯玉米品种间鲜子粒叶酸含量存在显著差异,京科糯928含量最高,为305.43μg/100 g;农科玉368、兆玉18、京科糯2016叶酸含量在200～300μg/100 g;京科糯2010、垦粘1号、中航糯3号和万糯2000等4个品种叶酸含量较低,为100～200μg/100 g。蒸煮后熟子粒叶酸含量呈降低趋势,品种间熟子粒叶酸含量和叶酸流失率存在显著差异。京科糯928、农科玉368、京科糯2016、京科糯2010和兆玉18的叶酸流失率低于25.52%。综合表明,京科糯928和农科玉368鲜子粒和熟子粒叶酸含量较高且稳定,属于高叶酸营养强化型鲜食糯玉米品种,适合大面积推广种植。 相似文献
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糯玉米种子老化过程中种子活力和生理特性的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以京科糯2000和莱农糯6号玉米品种为试验材料,采用老化箱人工老化法,研究人工老化对糯玉米种子发芽指标和生理特性的影响。结果表明,随老化时间的延长,两个糯玉米品种种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和脱氢酶活性逐渐降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率逐渐升高。老化14 d时,京科糯2000和莱农糯6号种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数分别比对照降低48.31%和42.86%、41.05%和31.31%、52.86%和42.64%、68.84%和56.43%,脱氢酶活性分别降低70.18%和45.48%,MDA含量分别增加54.04%和49.41%。相关分析表明,两个糯玉米品种的种子活力与MDA含量和脱氢酶活性之间均达极显著相关,MDA含量和脱氢酶活性可以表征糯玉米种子的老化程度。种子耐老化能力存在品种间差异,莱农糯6号耐老化能力高于京科糯2000。 相似文献
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我国糯玉米育种及产业发展动态 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
糯玉米以美国研究和利用最多,主要用于淀粉加工和饲料,基本不作为鲜食玉米。我国糯玉米育种起步较晚,但发展迅速,在糯玉米种质创新、组配模式优化、新品种培育、品质改良等方面均具有中国特色,在一些方面具有全球领先优势。京科糯2000等系列品种的选育与推广极大地促进了我国糯玉米产业的整体发展。综述国内外糯玉米育种及产业发展现状、我国糯玉米育种创新点,为我国糯玉米产业在玉米调结构、转方式形势下如何进一步发展提出建议,以鲜果穗销售为主、加工为辅,加强甜加糯新类型品种的选育和推广,加强糯玉米秸秆有效利用,高端特色,打造品牌。 相似文献
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南方鲜食玉米区不同糯玉米品种产量和子粒灌浆特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2019年和2020年,以苏科糯1501、苏科糯12、苏科花糯2008、苏科糯11、苏玉糯5号和万糯2000为试验材料,系统分析南方鲜食玉米区不同糯玉米品种产量和子粒灌浆特性差异,为糯玉米高产优质品种选育提供支持。结果表明,产量及产量构成因素品种间差异两年表现基本一致(秃尖长除外)。产量较高的品种为苏科糯12、苏科糯1501、万糯2000和苏科花糯2008,穗粒数和粒重均高于产量较低的品种苏玉糯5号和苏科糯11。糯玉米产量与穗长、穗粒和百粒鲜重呈极显著正相关,百粒鲜重与最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率呈极显著正相关,穗粒数与有效灌浆期、最大灌浆速率时的时间和最大灌浆速率时的生长量呈显著正相关。在鲜食玉米高产品种选育时应注重对灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率时的生长量等指标进行选择。 相似文献
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糯玉米系列品种选育及开发应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
重点介绍了长春市农科院选育的糯玉米系列杂交种春糯1号、春糯3号和春糯5号的特征特性、生产关键技术和开发利用情况。长春市农科院选育的早熟糯玉米春糯1号为鲜食的首选品种,中熟糯玉米春糯3号和中晚熟糯玉米春糯5号适于企业生产支链淀粉。 相似文献
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渝糯8号是重庆市农科院以3388为母本,以S181为父本选育而成的糯玉米杂交种.该品种具有品质优、产量高、熟期较早、适应性广等特点,适宜重庆、黄淮海地区及类似生态区种植. 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献
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R. W. Summers 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):451-454
One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed. 相似文献
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以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果 相似文献
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Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献
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为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。 相似文献