共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
为研究饲料中不同脂肪源对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)生长、营养代谢及其肠道菌群组成的影响,本实验通过在人工配合饲料中分别添加5%的豆油(SO)、鱼油(FO)、猪油(LO)和混合油(豆油∶鱼油=1∶1,MO)作为主要脂肪源,对克氏原螯虾进行60 d饲喂实验后检测其生理生化指标与肠道菌群组成。结果显示：不同脂肪源对克氏原螯虾存活率与特定生长率影响显著,MO组存活率与特定生长率均为最高,LO组均显著低于其他组;营养代谢指标检测结果显示,LO组肝胰脏的脂肪酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和血清的总胆固醇均显著高于其他实验组;运用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对肠道微生物组成进行测定,结果显示四个组共有优势菌属只有拟杆菌属(Bacteroides),可见脂肪源是克氏原螯虾肠道菌群的较大影响因素;未知的RsaHf231菌属和Anaerorhabdus＿furcosa＿group属是除了SO组外其他三组的共有优势菌群;柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)是SO组和FO组的优势菌群;Candidatus＿Bacilloplasma是MO组特有优势菌群。综上所述,混合油更能满足克氏原... 相似文献
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健康和患病克氏原螯虾肠道微生物群落结构和多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索健康克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)与患病克氏原螯虾在肠道微生物菌群结构和多样性方面的差异,采集健康虾(对照组)和患病虾(患病组)样品,通过Illumina高通量测序技术测定样品虾的肠道微生物组成,并利用Simpson指数评估样品中微生物的多样性。结果显示:所有样品共检出400个种水平上的OTUs(operational taxonomic units),归属于25个门(phylum);对照组肠道微生物的优势菌为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),而患病组的优势菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)。进一步分析表明,患病组变形菌门的占比显著高于对照组,Simpson指数提示,患病组的生物多样性较对照组显著下降(P<0.05)。结果表明,患病克氏原螯虾肠道微生物中变形菌门的占比显著上升,生物多样性显著下降(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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为探究暗纹东方鲀不同养殖模式下的细菌群落结构特征，本实验采用Illumina Miseq 高通量测序方法对传统养殖与立体种养2种模式下水体、底泥及暗纹东方鲀肠道细菌的16S rRNA基因的2个高变区(V3-V4)进行测序分析，利用冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)水体菌群与环境因子的关系，典型关联分析(canonical correlation analysis, CCA)肠道菌群与环境因子的关系。结果显示：立体种养模式下水体、底泥及暗纹东方鲀肠道细菌群落的丰富度及多样性大于传统养殖模式。立体种养模式下水体及底泥的细菌群落结构与传统养殖模式的较为类似，其中水体的优势菌门为放线菌门、蓝细菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门；底泥的优势菌门为变形菌门和拟杆菌门。传统养殖模式下肠道的主要优势菌属为红球菌属Rhodococcus，立体种养模式下肠道主要优势菌属为葡萄球菌属Staphylococcus、弓形杆菌属Arcobacter、norank_f_norank_o_Chloroplast、Elizabethkingia和支原体属Mycoplasma。环境因子关联分析结果显示：pH对水体细菌群落具有显著影响。不同养殖模式下水体的优势菌属红球菌属与总悬浮固体(TSS)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、pH和硝酸盐呈正相关。总氨氮(TAN)对暗纹东方鲀肠道细菌群落影响最大，暗纹东方鲀肠道的优势菌属红球菌属、弓形杆菌属与TSS、TP呈正相关；不动杆菌属Acinetobacter、支原体属与TAN、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐呈正相关；魏斯氏菌属Weissella、葡萄球菌属与TSS、COD、TP、TN、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和TAN呈负相关。研究表明，采用立体种养模式可提高养殖系统的细菌多样性，降低病害爆发风险，有助于抑制蓝细菌生长，减小养殖对象的氧化应激损伤。此外，养殖模式能够通过改变水体中氮、磷的含量对水体和暗纹东方鲀肠道的微生物群结构产生一定的影响。 相似文献
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为探究克氏原螯虾配合饲料经发酵处理后的饲喂效果，分别用未发酵和发酵饲料在室内循环水系统中饲养体重为(4.91±0.18) g的克氏原螯虾幼虾8周，采样分析发酵饲料对克氏原螯虾生长、肌肉品质、消化力、抗氧化能力及肠道菌群结构的影响。结果显示，(1)发酵饲料水中溶失率显著低于未发酵饲料；(2)发酵饲料显著提高克氏原螯虾增重率和特定生长率，降低饲料系数，但对存活率、肝体比、含肉率和体成分无显著影响；(3)发酵饲料显著提高克氏原螯虾肌肉硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和胶黏性，降低了黏附性；(4)发酵饲料显著提高克氏原螯虾肝胰腺及肠道中胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性，血清和肝胰腺中超氧化物歧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性，以及肝胰腺总抗氧化能力；(5)发酵饲料显著提高了肠道绒毛长度和宽度；(6)发酵饲料改善了克氏原螯虾肠道微生物结构，显著升高了厚壁菌门和放线菌门相对丰度，同时提高了肠道菌群多样性。研究表明，饲料经发酵处理后可以有效提高克氏原螯虾生长性能、肌肉品质、消化力和抗氧化能力，改善了肠道组织结构，改变了肠道微生物结构，为克氏原螯虾新型环保饲料的生产提供理论依据。 相似文献
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探究凡纳滨对虾和罗氏沼虾肠道微生物及抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs)种类的差异。通过高通量测序和变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE)技术分析2种虾肠道微生物群落结构差异和微生物多样性,并运用PCR方法检测了2种虾肠道细菌常见38种ARGs的携带情况。结果显示,获得凡纳滨对虾和罗氏沼虾肠道细菌有效序列分别为42 795和40 713条,物种注释单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)数目分别为124和82,分类地位明确的细菌种类分别隶属5个门、17个属和5个门、16个属。凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌的优势类群为变形菌门,所占比例为75.45%,优势菌属为副球菌属(25.83%)和不动杆菌属(25.24%);罗氏沼虾肠道细菌的优势类群是厚壁菌门(49.74%),优势菌属为乳球菌属(49.01%)和弧菌属(29.98%)。凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌(2.19)Shannon指数高于罗氏沼虾肠道细菌(1.78),表明前者肠道细菌多样性大于后者。DGGE图谱的分析结果与高通量测序一致,2种虾肠道细菌种类差异很大。PCR结果显示,凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌携带15种ARGs,罗氏沼虾肠道细菌携带14种ARGs。本实验表明凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌的群落种类多样性、OTU丰富度、物种总数和ARGs种类均高于罗氏沼虾肠道细菌,为后续肠道微生物资源的挖掘提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为解决传统的稻田稻虾轮作克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)养殖模式中存在的虾苗在规格、数量、质量上参差不齐,苗种间相互残杀死亡率极高,同时成虾上市时间晚、规格小、上市不集中、价格低等问题,通过改造新型田间工程和种养管理方法,提出一种克氏原螯虾稻虾轮作新模式,并与稻虾轮作传统模式比较。试验结果表明:稻虾轮作新模式平均单产小龙虾2 010 kg/hm~2,单位产值106 530元/hm~2;稻虾轮作传统模式平均单产小龙虾约1 605 kg/hm~2,单位产值60 990元/hm~2。稻虾轮作新模式单位产量和单位产值较稻虾轮作传统模式分别提高了25.2%和74.67%,经济效益提高显著。 相似文献
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为探究凡纳滨对虾养殖过程中其肠道和养殖环境微生物群落的结构及变化,本实验采用Illumina MiSeq测序平台,基于16S rRNA基因的测序结果,对46和86 d虾龄的凡纳滨对虾肠道以及养殖水样、底泥中的微生物群落进行分析。结果显示,86 d时微生物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著高于46 d,水样中的Shannon-Wiener指数显著低于底泥和凡纳滨对虾肠道;有35个门、70个纲、152个目、274个科以及420个属在水样、底泥和虾肠道中均能检测到,其中虾肠道和底泥间共有菌类较水样中更多。微生物群落随养殖时间增加发生变化,46与86 d的差异性门类为放线菌门、绿菌门、丝状杆菌门、浮霉状菌门和TM6,相对丰度随时间增加而增高。水样、底泥和虾肠道中有相对固定的优势菌群,在水样、底泥和虾肠道中主要的门类均为变形菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门,优势纲类为α变形菌纲、β变形菌纲以及放线菌纲,除此以外,虾肠道与底泥共有的优势纲为δ变形菌纲、γ变形菌纲以及芽单胞菌纲;从目、科、属的分类水平上看,水样、底泥和虾肠道中菌类相对丰度各异,鲜有明显重叠的优势菌类,在水样、底泥和虾肠道中均为一种未分类的属占优势地位,水样中优势属为hgcI_clade,底泥和虾肠道中优势属为Ambiguous_taxa。研究结果进一步解释了虾肠道和环境微生物群落结构之间的相关性以及随虾龄增长呈现的差异性。 相似文献
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我国克氏原螯虾稻田养殖发展现状及对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国克氏原螯虾稻田养殖(以下简称稻田养虾)起步于本世纪初,尤以湖北潜江为代表,经过多年发展,目前已在克氏原螯虾几个主产省份形成较大规模,成为克氏原螯虾主要养殖方式之一,形成了以稻虾连作、稻虾共生等为主的稻田养虾模式。本文对我国克氏原螯虾稻田养殖现状及展望作了分析综述,以供业内人士参考。 相似文献
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克氏原螯虾不同类型养殖池塘浮游生物群落结构及其多样性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《中国水产》2015,(1)
<正>养殖水体浮游生物是克氏原螯虾的饵料基础,能促进水体生态系统的物质循环和能量流动,影响克氏原螯虾的生长、池塘的水质和生态系统的生产性能。为促进克氏原螯虾产业的发展,提高其品质和产量,2013年5月3日~11月8日,安徽省虾蟹产业体系课题组对当涂县花津湖水产品有限公司克氏原螯虾三种不同类型养殖池塘采集的180个水样浮游生物种类组成、密度和生物量进行了测定,运用Shnnon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson优势度指数(D)和Pielou均匀度(E)指数对浮游生物群落及其多样性进行了分析,旨在为稻虾轮作养殖模式提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Hanchen Xu Luo Wang Xueyu Bao Ningjin Jiang Xiaopei Yang Zhenlin Hao Yaqing Chang Jun Ding 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(4):1257-1268
This study investigated microbial community composition as well as their correlation with environmental factors of Apostichopus japonicus culture ponds in northern China by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results showed that microbiota richness varied consistently with diversity in the pond ecosystem. Microbiota richness and diversity were highest in sediment, followed by gut of A. japonicus and water. The dominant bacterial phylum in the pond ecosystem is Proteobacteria. Gammaproteobacteriaeria and Flavobacteria are two dominant bacterial classes in the ecosystem. There is significant difference (p < 0.05) between dominant bacterial communities at the levels of order, family and genus. There is also remarkable regional difference (p < 0.05) between microbial community composition in the pond ecosystems. Specifically, microbial community composition in Changhai and Yingkou show a high similarity, so do those of Laoting and Rushan. According to the redundancy analysis of the microbial community composition and pond environmental factors, chemical oxygen demand is the dominant environmental factor determining microbial community composition in pond water; sulphide has the greatest influence on the microbial community composition in pond sediment; the rest of environmental factors have varied influence on microbial community composition in pond ecosystems. 相似文献
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Xiaoyan Guan Bai Wang Ping Duan Jiashen Tian Ying Dong Jingwei Jiang Bing Sun Zunchun Zhou 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(5):1789-1800
Polyculture with Chinese shrimp Penaeus chinensis, jellyfish Rhopilema esculenta and razor clam Sinonovacula constricta (S.J.R) is a common aquaculture system in Dandong, China. Investigation on the composition and function of microbial communities and their relationship with environmental factors in aquaculture systems have crucial implications. Therefore, the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was applied to profile the bacterial community composition of water and sediment in S.J.R polyculture system in the present study. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in S.J.R polyculture ponds following with Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in water; in contrast, more diverse phyla were detected in sediments. Water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were determined the bacterial community composition in the S.J.R polyculture systems. Specially, Planktomarina, PS1 clade, Candidatus Aquiluna and Fibrobacteres, which can resist the phytoplankton blooms or degrade the cellulose, were more abundant in water at the early stage of cultivation in the S.J.R polyculture system. Moreover, the functions of bacterial communities in water were mainly associated with cell communication mediated, while the functions related to basal metabolism were enriched in sediments. The findings of this study allowed us to better understand the bacterial community in the S.J.R polyculture system and accumulated data for the improvement of cultural management. 相似文献
13.
Bacterial composition,abundance and diversity in fish polyculture and mussel–fish integrated cultured ponds in China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Xiafei Zheng Jinyu Tang Chunfang Zhang Jianguang Qin Yan Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3950-3961
Bacterial community and abiotic environmental parameters in twelve freshwater aquaculture ponds were analysed. According to the major component of stocked animals, the ponds were grouped into four types: black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii ponds. Each type of pond was stocked with three species of Chinese carps (silver carp, bighead carp and gibel carp) to form a unique mode of fish polyculture or mussel–fish integrated culture. The bacterial composition was identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. Totally, 3701 and 11 150 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from the water and sediment samples respectively. The number of OTUs, abundance‐based coverage estimator, Chao1 index and Shannon diversity index were lower in the water column than in the sediment, suggesting that diversity and stability of bacterial community were higher in the sediment. In the water column, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated at the phylum level, and 26 dominant genera were identified. In the sediment, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae dominated at the phylum level, and 25 dominant genera were identified. Bacterial compositions between the ponds with different aquaculture modes were similar at the phylum levels, but varied at the genus levels. The bacterial composition in the ponds was correlated with hardness, ammonia and total nitrogen in the water column. This study indicates that the type of aquaculture mode is a factor regulating the microbial community, which provides an insight towards microbial management through probiotic manipulation in pond culture. 相似文献
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Penaeus monodon provides a high‐quality protein source for humanity, and pond cultured shrimp often presents asynchronous growth. Microbial communities are important for the digestion and immunity of shrimp. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the bacterial characteristics of the intestine and rearing water of asynchronously growing P. monodon that were cultured in outdoor and indoor pond respectively. The results showed that the bacterial community of the rearing water was more complex than that of the intestine; the fast‐growing shrimp in the indoor pond had higher intestinal bacterial diversity. Besides, the dominant bacterial composition of the water was more complex than that of the intestinal. Specifically, the abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestine was consistent with the growth performance of shrimp in the outdoor pond, which was exactly the opposite in the indoor pond. At the genus level, two cyanobacteria, Limnothrix and Cyanobium PCC‐6307, were dominant in the indoor and outdoor water respectively. In the outdoor pond, Bacillus was dominant in the slow‐growing shrimp intestines, while Vibrio was dominant in the fast‐growing shrimp. The intestinal microbes of the fast‐growing shrimp had higher proteasome metabolic capacity. These results can provide new insights into microbiome characteristics involved in the asynchronous growth of shrimp. 相似文献
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Effects of a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis FY99‐01) on the bacterial community structure and composition of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei,Boone) culture water assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and high‐throughput sequencing 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ding Xin Wu Shu Miao Zhao Nan Peng Chun Ping Xu Jun Wang Yun Xiang Liang 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(3):857-869
In China, many commercial probiotics are added as water additives into shrimp culture ponds with no sediment. In these ponds, probiotics should have great effects on the bacterial community of culture water at different culture stages. However, the specific effects have not been clarified yet. In this study, the effects of applying the probiotic Bacillus subtilis FY99‐01 on the bacterial community of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture water at different culture stages were determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and high‐throughput sequencing. The water quality parameters, shrimp production, survival rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were also analysed. The results showed that application of probiotics improved the water quality by reducing the levels of pH, nitrite and soluble reactive phosphorus, whereas there was no significant effect on shrimp production, survival rate and FCR. Application of probiotics brought no obvious effect on bacterial α diversity while had effect on bacterial β diversity. In addition, probiotics brought different effects on the bacterial community structure at different culture stages, and the effects are stronger in the early and middle phase than in the late phase. Sequencing results demonstrated that probiotics could increase the abundance of Flavobacteria, whereas decrease the abundance of α‐Proteobacteria in the late phase of culture. Besides, principle component analysis results indicated that using probiotics also could increase the abundance of beneficial microalgae (Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta) and decrease the abundance of Vibrionaceae. 相似文献
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本研究以辽宁省营口地区刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖池塘为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术,构建不同季节刺参养殖池塘沉积物菌群16S rRNA基因测序文库,解析刺参养殖池塘沉积物菌群的季节性差异和共性,查明影响沉积物菌群构成的主导环境因子。结果显示,营口地区刺参养殖池塘沉积物菌群的丰度和多样性以夏季最高,春秋次之,冬季最低。不同季节刺参养殖池塘沉积物差异菌群呈显著性季节演替特征(P<0.05)。其中,春季差异菌群主要隶属于拟杆菌门(Bacteroides),夏季差异菌群主要隶属于酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes),秋季差异菌群主要隶属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),冬季差异菌群主要隶属于放线菌门(Actinobacteria)。尽管不同季节沉积物细菌组分比例不同,但第一优势菌门均隶属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(相对丰度>43.19%)。环境因子中,影响刺参养殖池塘沉积物菌群的主导环境因子为温度、总有机碳、总氮和pH。本研究将为刺参养殖池塘微生态调控提供理论参考。 相似文献
17.
Estefanía Garibay‐Valdez Luis R. Martínez‐Crdova Francisco Vargas‐Albores Teresa Gollas‐Galvn Asuncin Lago‐Leston Kadiya Caldern Marcel Martínez‐Porchas 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(2):427-435
The effect using biofilm as complementary feed for shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) on the taxonomic and functional profile of its intestinal microbiota was evaluated. Shrimp were cultured for 30 days in two similar low‐water exchange systems, one using commercial feed and the other a combination of commercial feed with biofilm as complementary feed source. Six bacteria phyla were detected in the intestine of shrimp from both treatments (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria), being Proteobacteria the most abundant (81%–92%). However, this later phylum was significantly less dominant in shrimp fed with biofilm; this drop was associated with a decrease in Vibrio abundance. Differences in the taxonomic profile of bacteria between treatments were also observed through principal component analysis where the diet was the main influencing factor (PC1 72.4%). Regarding functional inference, similarities were detected between treatments. Carbohydrate and energy metabolism were the most abundant functions regardless of time or diet, followed by metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, translation processes, nucleotide metabolism and others. Results suggest that biofilm consumption influenced the taxonomic profile bacteria colonizing the shrimp intestine; however, a functional redundancy was observed despite the use of biofilm as complementary feed. Finally, shrimp fed with biofilm showed a better productive response. 相似文献
18.
Pengbing Pei Xiaojuan Liu Yang Chen Jieqiong Wu Mingqi Zhong Qi Lin Hong Du 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(4):1300-1312
Biological water purification grid (BWPG), a type of biofilm, could increase aquaculture production by improving the growth of shrimp and culture environment. In this study, the microbial community composition and diversity of water, sediment and shrimp intestine were analysed using the Illumina Miseq high‐throughput sequencing technique. Installation of BWPG did not only increase the dissolved oxygen, pH and decreased inorganic nutrients, but also increased shrimp body length by 5.39% and weight by 16.35%. Furthermore, it was found that the microbial community diversity of water and shrimp intestine in test pond with BWPG was higher than that of control pond without BWPG. Cyanobacteria, Bacillus and Lactococcus were enriched in the test pond with BWPG. However, Rhodobacter was mainly identified in the test pond. It thus seems to suggest that the application of BWPG in shrimp culture pond enhanced the microbial species richness, types of species and proportion of beneficial bacteria in culture environment as well as shrimp intestine. The results from this study will therefore provide some scientific basis for the improvement and development of shrimp aquaculture. 相似文献
19.
克氏原螯虾是当今中国人工养殖最广的淡水螯虾品种。近几年来,稻田养虾面积呈暴发式增长,但随着养殖规模的扩大,养殖环境的恶化,各种病害频发。为探明稻田养殖克氏原螯虾死亡的原因,实验取濒死病虾胃和肠组织进行病原菌分离,用生理生化实验、16S rDNA基因序列测定与系统进化分析鉴定优势菌;用回归感染和药敏实验评价优势菌毒力和药物敏感性,通过血清免疫相关酶活性变化探究优势菌的致病机理。结果显示,分离获得1株优势菌PCW-01,回归感染健康克氏原螯虾,出现与自然发病虾相同的病理症状,活力下降,胃部有积液,半致死量达0.60×105 CFU/g,经理化分析和分子鉴定为维氏气单胞菌,对呋喃妥因、妥布霉素、头孢他啶等7种药物敏感。人工感染后的克氏原螯虾,体内血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性极显著上升,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性极显著下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量略有上升。研究表明,优势菌PCW-01为致病菌,可失活抗氧化因子,破坏细胞膜结构,导致疾病发生。本研究结果揭示出了克氏原螯虾细菌性疾病的免疫应... 相似文献