共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
J. Potter K. Allen P. Macfarlane D. Holopherne‐Doran 《Equine Veterinary Education》2015,27(5):240-243
A horse was presented for soft palate thermocautery and surgical advancement of the larynx under general anaesthesia, following a history of respiratory noise and poor athletic performance. Physical examination prior to surgery was unremarkable. The horse was anaesthetised and a 20 mm cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT) used to intubate the trachea via the right nostril. The cuff was deflated at the end of the procedure and the tube secured in place around the head of the horse for the recovery. The horse was assisted to standing and during this process the end of the nasotracheal tube broke and was observed hanging from the head collar. The remainder of the tube was aspirated into the trachea of the horse. The remaining length of endotracheal tube was removed using a modified endoscopic technique. The horse recovered with no further problems. An unusual complication of a nasotracheal tube left in situ for recovery in a horse is reported and possible reasons for this complication are discussed. 相似文献
2.
A Dutch Warmblood, with no other underlying clinical disease, presented for surgical excision of a sarcoid tumour on the distal right pinna under general anaesthesia. At the end of the procedure, immediately before being moved to recovery, the horse became light and made repeated attempts to move whilst attached to the hoist. Anaesthesia was deepened with intravenous thiopental sodium (Thiopentone)1 and the horse was moved into the recovery room. The trachea was extubated with the cuff of the endotracheal tube inadvertently left partially inflated. Recovery was smooth and the horse stood uneventfully. The following day subcutaneous emphysema was noted along the neck and tracheoscopy revealed an abnormal dorsoventrally flattened trachea and a 5 cm tear in the dorsal aspect of the trachea. Symptomatic treatment resulted in progressive healing of the lesion and the horse recovered fully with no evidence of respiratory complications. 相似文献
3.
This report describes a 3‐year‐old gelding presenting with signs of injury to its left eye following an accident in which the horse crashed into a hedge. The first treatment attempted to treat infections in the eye and respiratory tract due to secretions identified in the trachea. The horse did not improve and further clinical and radiographic evaluations detected a guttural pouch empyema. Surgical drainage was performed and antimicrobial treatment continued. However, the horse presented with severe epistaxis and euthanasia was elected due to suspected arterial rupture. At necropsy, a round and stiff branch plant was found creating a fistula from the left orbit to the left guttural pouch. Another branch was found inside the pouch, confirming the origin of the persistent infection and severity of the tissue lesion. 相似文献
4.
Tracheal mucociliary clearance was determined in horses by measuring the rostrad transport of the radiopharmaceutical 99mtechnetium-sulphur colloid following deposition on the tracheal epithelium by intratracheal injection. The effects of head position (head elevated to normal standing position vs head lowered) and of accumulated purulent secretions on tracheal mucociliary clearance were evaluated for the first time in the horse. In normal horses tracheal mucociliary clearance was greatly accelerated by lowering the head so that the cranial trachea was lower than the caudal trachea. Horses confined with their heads elevated for 24 hours developed an accumulation of purulent airway secretions (and associated increased numbers of bacteria) in the lower respiratory tract and showed a decrease in tracheal mucociliary clearance when compared with their previously measured rate when the lower airway contained only normal secretions. These findings have implications for management practices where horses are prevented from lowering their heads, such as transportation and cross-tying, which may therefore contribute to lower respiratory tract disease in horses. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2001,21(5):240-243
Equine tracheal lesions have been associated with the orotracheal intubation procedure. These lesions may occur because of differences in the dimensions of the endotracheal tube and the trachea. The importance of the dimensions of the trachea for studies on respiratory mechanics and the lesions produced by the endotracheal tubes encouraged us to determine the size of trachea of the Thoroughbred horse. This study determined and compared the length and internal diameters of the tracheas from 59 Thoroughbred horses, 35 males and 34 females, weighing between 400 kg and 500 kg, and free of signs of respiratory or cardiopulmonary diseases. The tracheas were removed from the horses between 2 and 12 hours after death. The internal diameters were measured in tracheal rings one, twenty, forty and the last before the carina. The length of each trachea was measured in both the normal and extended state. The number of tracheal rings was also determined. In the unstretched trachea, the width of the last tracheal ring and the number of tracheal rings were significantly greater in males than females. The results of this study provide information for better design and manufacturing of endotracheal tubes and as basic information for further studies on equine respiratory mechanics. 相似文献
6.
Horses may be exposed to aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) via inhalation of mouldy dust, leading to high exposure of olfactory and respiratory tissues. In the present study the metabolic activation of AFB(1) was examined in olfactory and respiratory tissues in horse. The results showed covalent binding of AFB(1)-metabolites in sustentacular cells and cells of Bowman's glands in the olfactory mucosa, in some cells of the surface epithelium of nasal respiratory, tracheal, bronchial and bronchiolar mucosa and in some glands in these areas. Immunohistochemistry revealed that cells expressing proteins reacting with CYP 3A4- and CYP 2A6/2B6-antibodies had a similar distribution as those having capacity to activate AFB(1). Our data indicate that the cell-specific activation of AFB(1) correlates with presence of some CYP-enzymes in olfactory and respiratory tissues in horse. 相似文献
7.
鸡传染性支气管炎病理形态学及发病机理的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
１５０只１８日龄雏鸡随机分为两组，试验组９０只接种传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ－Ｍ４１）后３５天内分３０批依次于不同时间扑杀，作组织病理学、超微结构及病毒抗原位检查，对照组６０只作相同的检查。结果表明，ＩＢＶ攻击的靶器官是气管，气管的病变表现为粘膜上皮细胞的损伤和脱、残留的在皮细胞增殖形成复层上皮、粘膜固有层及粘膜下层大量淋巴细胞浸润及粘膜逐渐恢复的相互连续的病理过程。肺脏初级、次级支气管也有类似的 相似文献
8.
采用贴片法进行大鼠气管平滑肌细胞的培养，将不同稀释度的肺炎支原体培养液接种于单层细胞中孵育。对次日收集的细胞上清液进行肺炎支原体的PCR反应检测，结果为阳性，而冲洗液反应阴性，表明支原体对细胞具有较强的粘附性；接种后7d内观察到细胞产生明显病变，部分细胞发生崩解、脱落。MTT法检测结果表明支原体使细胞活性明显降低，其致细胞死亡率随滴度增高而增加，提示肺炎支原体对大鼠气管平滑肌可产生很强的致病性，使呼吸道受到严重损伤。本研究为探讨肺炎支原体致病作用机制及新药筛选与评价提供一种新的方法。 相似文献
9.
M. A. Wallace 《Equine Veterinary Education》2019,31(6):298-300
Fungal infections of the equine trachea have been rarely reported. This case report describes the successful treatment of a mare with fungal infection of the trachea that had severe diffuse granulomatous thickening, erosions and haemorrhage of the proximal half of the trachea. The horse was treated with oral fluconazole and systemic iodine therapy. Serial endoscopic examinations confirmed rapid resolution of the condition. 相似文献
10.
V. C. SPEIRS J. C. van VEENENDAAL I. W. HARRISON G. B. SMYTH G. A. ANDERSON D. V. WILSON B. GILBO 《Australian veterinary journal》1982,59(2):38-40
SUMMARY Endoscopic examinations of the upper respiratory tract were done on 92 of 314 Standardbred horses that raced one or more times at 4 consecutive, weekly race meetings. Although participation was voluntary, the characteristics of the population of horses examined were not statistically different from those of all horses that raced. No horse showed epistaxis, but 34 (32.4%) examinations of the trachea revealed blood that ranged from a trace in the tracheal mucus to large amounts scattered over the tracheal walls. Forty-four horses exhibited minor degrees of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia, 2 had asynchronous movement of the left arytenoid cartilage and 15 had grains of sand in the respiratory tract. There was no association between bleeding and age, sex, distance of race, place in race or date of race. Mucus and mucopurulent material occurred less often after longer races and more often on the last 3 race nights. 相似文献
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12.
P F Haynes 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》1992,8(2):347-364
The intent and extent of the respiratory tract examination relevant to purchase are dictated by numerous factors, including historical information, signs suggestive of respiratory tract abnormalities, intended use of the horse, and economic considerations. Following a thorough and systematic examination of the horse at rest, evaluation during and following exercise may be warranted. The physical examination should include evaluation of regional symmetry of the head, neck, and thorax; evaluation of nasal airflow and patency; palpation of the nasal septum, larynx, and trachea; examination for surgical scars; and auscultation and percussion. Special examination techniques, including endoscopy, stress evaluation, and radiography, may be indicated. Much has been learned about the URT in recent years, particularly regarding endoscopy of the region and the interpretation of endoscopic findings. The reader is referred to a generous list of references to gain further detailed information regarding the endoscopic diagnosis of other URT conditions. 相似文献
13.
运用牛磺脱氧胆酸钠和CpG DNA配合鸭源禽流感H9N2灭活病毒滴鼻免疫雏鸭,通过检测鸭呼吸道各组织中IgA和IgG抗体分泌细胞面积的变化对免疫效果进行评价.结果发现:应用牛磺脱氧胆酸钠和CpG DNA配合H9N2灭活病毒鼻腔免疫后3、5和7周,鼻腔、气管和气管叉组织中的IgA和IgG分泌细胞面积显著或极显著(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)高于单独H9N2灭活病毒免疫后的水平;应用CpG DNA配合H9N2灭活病毒鼻腔免疫后鼻腔和气管组织中IgA和IgG分泌细胞的面积有部分提高(P＜0.05);而单独运用H9N2灭活病毒鼻腔免疫后IgA和IgG分泌细胞面积同对照组相比没有显著差异.结果表明:在牛磺脱氧胆酸钠和CpG DNA的配合下,禽流感H9N2灭活病毒鼻腔免疫能够提高雏鸭呼吸道组织中IgA分泌细胞和IgG分泌细胞的面积,有效地增强呼吸道局部的免疫应答水平. 相似文献
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CD3+是T细胞群的重要表面标志,呼吸道黏膜下分布的CD3+淋巴细胞作为抗感染黏膜免疫的基础,在保护机体抵抗呼吸道感染中发挥重要作用。为了解黄牛呼吸道CD3+淋巴细胞和淋巴组织的分布,本研究运用HE染色法和免疫组织学方法对5头7岁健康婆罗门黄牛的鼻黏膜、气管、肺内支气管及肺脏组织的CD3+淋巴细胞和淋巴组织的分布进行了研究。结果显示,黄牛的鼻黏膜、气管、肺内支气管和肺脏组织中均分布有CD3+淋巴细胞,且主要分布于黏膜上皮间及其下方固有层中及腺体周围;在鼻黏膜和肺脏组织中分布有CD3+淋巴细胞形成的弥散淋巴组织。牛呼吸道中CD3+淋巴细胞数量在鼻黏膜和肺脏组织中分布最多,气管黏膜、肺内支气管黏膜次之。本试验结果明确了CD3+淋巴细胞在黄牛呼吸道中的分布谱,表明黄牛呼吸道具备引发局部黏膜免疫的基础条件,为牛呼吸道黏膜免疫及呼吸道疾病防治研究提供了数据支撑。 相似文献
16.
The lung is a complex organ, and its physiology and immunology are regulated by various immune molecules and cells. Lung surfactant, a mixture of phospholipids and proteins produced by the bronchiolar and type II alveolar epithelial cells, is one such important player in lung physiology. Compared to knowledge about the biology of the surfactant in rodents and humans, only limited data are available on the surfactant in the horse. Although there are data linking levels of surfactant proteins with respiratory disease in the horse, there are no data on the cellular localization of surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D). A member of the tetraspanin family of proteins, CD9 is a cell-signaling and adhesion protein and its expression has been detected in both normal and cancer cells, including those in the lung. Because there are no immunolocalization data on SP-A, SP-D, and CD9 in the normal lungs of the horse, our objective was to conduct a light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study on normal lungs of the horse. The data showed SP-A and SP-D in bronchiolar epithelial and type II alveolar epithelial cells. These proteins were also localized in type I alveolar epithelial cells, pulmonary intravascular macrophages, and neutrophils, which is likely an outcome of endocytosis of the proteins by these cells. CD9 was present in the airway and vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelium, and blood cells, but not in the airway epithelium. These new data provide a baseline to further examine the expression and functions of SP-A, SP-D, and CD9 proteins in inflammation associated with respiratory diseases in the horse. 相似文献
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为了解灵缇犬对马流感病毒A/Equine/Huabei/01/2007(H3N8)的易感性,将马流感病毒培养液以1.0 mL(含105.7EID50)经静脉途径接种4条灵缇犬,另以2.0 mL(含2×105.7EID50)经滴鼻、点眼方式接种3条灵缇犬。采用临床症状和病理学观察、免疫酶组织化学染色技术、病毒分离、HI抗体检测和流感病毒受体类型检测技术,对病毒在灵缇犬体内的感染情况进行了系统研究。结果表明,感染的7条犬在整个试验观察期间体温等临床指标均无异常变化,未见明显的肉眼和组织学病变。感染后5 d,4条感染犬的气管、支气管和细支气管上皮细胞内流感病毒M蛋白均为阳性,1条犬的咽拭子病毒分离结果为阳性,1条犬的马流感病毒H3亚型HI抗体阳性。感染后14d,剩余3条感染犬中有2条犬马流感病毒H3亚型HI抗体呈阳性。试验证明,目前流行的A/Equine/Huabei/01/2007(H3N8)病毒可以感染灵缇犬,但不导致灵缇犬出现明显的临床症状。灵缇犬的喉头、气管上皮细胞具有与马流感病毒结合的SAα2,3 Gal受体。 相似文献
18.
应用组织学和电镜技术研究猪呼吸道发育过程中淋巴组织的变化。结果表明：扁桃体和咽部是呼吸道进入机体的第一个淋巴组织集中的部位，弥散淋巴组织在出生时就存在，淋巴小结不明显；20日龄时扁桃体中淋巴组织增生，淋巴小结清晰可见；120日龄淋巴小结数量增加，紧靠鳞状上皮密集排列，淋巴小结发育很好，并出现生发中心。扁桃体复层鳞状上皮中含有大量的上皮内淋巴细胞。气管叉是呼吸道进入机体的第二个淋巴组织集中的部位，出生时气管叉外膜中淋巴组织直接与气管支气管淋巴结相连，淋巴组织明显可见。20日龄时气管叉外膜中淋巴组织已分开，形成气管叉外膜密集的淋巴组织和气管支气管淋巴结两个部分。120日龄时气管叉处淋巴组织特别发达，黏膜上皮中上皮内淋巴细胞数量也显著增加。肺内气管和细支气管固有膜中均有较多的淋巴细胞，其中浆细胞数量增加，上皮中仍存在少量的上皮内淋巴细胞。本试验结果提示猪呼吸道是黏膜免疫较理想的诱导位点和效应位点，新生仔猪通过鼻腔免疫可提高呼吸道局部黏膜免疫力。 相似文献
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【目的】探究呼吸型传染性支气管炎病毒（Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV）对蛋鸡免疫反应的影响及重组禽β-防御素（avian β-defensins,AvBDs）的抗病毒作用。【方法】试验将70只7日龄SPF白来航鸡随机分为2组,每组35只。攻毒组通过滴鼻点眼途径接种呼吸型IBV强毒（CK/CH/LSD/05I）,对照组以相同途径接种等剂量灭菌PBS。定时观察临床症状14 d并记录,在攻毒后12 h、36 h、3 d、7 d和14 d 2组各随机选取5只鸡心脏采血处死,检测血清抗体水平并收集部分气管和肾脏进行组织病理学检测。采集法氏囊、脾脏、肾脏和气管,提取RNA,运用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测组织中IBV的病毒载量、Toll样受体（Toll-like receptors,TLRs）及信号转导分子、AvBDs基因表达量变化。将重组AvBD11和AvBD12转染鸡胚肾细胞（chicken embryo kidney,CEK）并在病毒感染细胞后6、12、24、36和48 h收取细胞上清和细胞用于提取RNA,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测病毒载量。【结果】感染呼吸型IBV强毒后,鸡出现轻微呼吸道症状,剖检无明显病理变化。在感染14 d后,鸡血清抗体水平转阳且阳性率为100%。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,对照组均未检测到病毒,攻毒组仅在感染14 d后的气管中检测到病毒且病毒载量低。与对照组相比,攻毒组脾脏中TLR1、TLR5、AvBD9和AvBD12基因表达量在感染后7 d均显著升高（P<0.05）,攻毒组法氏囊中TLR1、TLR2、TLR3、AvBD5和AvBD9基因表达量及气管中核转录因子-κB p65（NF-κB p65）、NF-κB c-Rel、AvBD5、AvBD9、AvBD11和AvBD13基因表达量在感染14 d后均显著升高（P<0.05）。体外抗病毒结果显示,与转染空载体组相比,转染AvBD11的CEK细胞在感染24和48 h后病毒载量显著下调（P<0.05）,细胞上清的病毒载量在感染48 h后显著下调（P<0.05）;转染AvBD12的CEK细胞在感染12和24 h后病毒载量显著下调（P<0.05）,细胞上清的病毒载量在感染12和48 h后显著下调（P<0.05）,说明重组AvBD11和AvBD12在CEK细胞中具有抗IBV活性。【结论】呼吸型IBV强毒感染机体后增强了相关受体的基因表达和信号转导,上调了AvBDs基因表达,加强了机体免疫反应。重组AvBD11和AvBD12具有抗病毒作用,为无抗饲料的配制及研究提供了新思路。 相似文献
20.
A 15-year-old Thoroughbred gelding showjumper presented with colic after a history of chronic mild, intermittent colic. He was refractory to medical management. At surgery, he was found to have a 15-cm intramural mass in the distal jejunum, approximately 3 m orad to the ileum. Histopathology post-operatively revealed a leiomyoma. Leiomyomas in horses are rare. They have been reported most commonly in the reproductive tract, with other rare reports in the oesophagus and omentum. To the knowledge of the authors, there are no reports of identification and treatment of non-strangulating obstruction of the jejunum caused by a leiomyoma. The horse recovered from his surgery and went on to compete at the same level of showjumping as previous to the surgery with no further episodes of colic. Based on this report, leiomyoma should be a differential for small intestinal obstruction in the future. 相似文献