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1.
Technologies and services provided to resource-poor farmers need to be relevant and compatible with the context in which they operate. This paper examines the contribution of extension services to the food security of resource-poor farmers in a rural village in South Africa. It considers these in terms of the local context and the production of African vegetables in household food plots. A mixture of participatory, qualitative and quantitative research tools, including a household survey, is used to argue that local production practices contribute more to food security requirements than the extension services. This is because of the ability of African vegetables to grow relatively well in semi-arid areas where other exotic plants do not, their ability to provide at least two foodstuffs during their life cycle, and the ability of either the fruit or the leaves, or both, to be dried and stored for consumption in the winter months. These crops can make a significant contribution in terms of household food security, but a number of social and agroecological factors are constraining their production and placing their availability under threat. Despite this, the extension services remain focused on certain activities within vegetable garden projects, even when these are not meeting their proposed purpose—food security by means of cash-crop production. The paper concludes that social and agroecological constraints could be improved if the extension services were changed. This could include the use of context specific and low-cost technologies to ensure that these crops are able to increase their contribution to household food security for resource-poor farmers in semi-arid areas.  相似文献   

2.
Ecological weed management (EWM) is a scientifically established management approach that uses ecological patterns to reduce weed seedbanks. Such an approach can save organic farmers time and labor costs and reduce the need for repeated cultivation practices that may pose risks to soil and water quality. However, adoption of effective EWM in the organic farm community is perceived to be poor. In addition, communication and collaboration between the scientific community, extension services, and the organic farming community in the US is historically weak. In order to uncover the most persistent obstacles to promoting effective weed management in organic agroecosystems, we use the mental models approach to generate an expert model based on interviews with experts (e.g., weed scientists, weed ecologists, and extension personnel) and theories from the behavioral sciences. The expert model provides two main insights: (1) EWM is a complex strategy that may cause farmers to use heuristics in management decisions and (2) the long-term benefits of EWM, rather than the risks, need to be emphasized in communication with and outreach to organic farmers. The basis for new research topics and outreach material that incorporates these insights from the expert model are discussed. We briefly explain how the expert model is an incomplete picture of on-farm practices, but provides the basis for the second step of our mental models research, the farmer interviews and farmer decision model development.  相似文献   

3.
以志愿精神和科学精神为统领，通过高层与基层两类科技志愿服务队伍的建设及“两带两促”科普新模式推广，用崇德向善和雷锋精神驱动城乡科技人员和高素质农民，在不需政府投资、不占国家资源、尽其所能不计报酬情况下，无偿服务农村农民，是今后构建农村科普新格局、做好农村科普工作的有效途径。中国农学会广泛动员和吸纳涉农科教工作者及农技推广人员、农村新型经营主体负责人、涉农企业家、退伍军人、在校大学生等加入中国农学会科技志愿服务队伍，塑造体制内与体制外相结合的多层次、多主体的社会化队伍结构，建立起了一支以社会力量为主体的多元化农村科普志愿服务队伍。截至2022年5月，已建立136支服务分队，志愿者近3000人，形成一支真正“懂农业、爱农村、爱农民、用得上、留得住、常在村”的乡村本土科技志愿服务队伍，保障了科普资源常年扎根农村，形成了农村科普常态化、长效化发展机制，有效破解农村科普“最后一公里”难题，将乡村振兴人才队伍建设与培养落到了实处。  相似文献   

4.
 【目的】为粮食主产区农业新技术的普及提供参考,促进粮食生产能力的提升。【方法】采用参与性农户评估方法（PRA）对东北粮食主产区榆树县245户农户进行了分层随机抽样调查,从农业新技术的接受途径,农户主要的技术需求以及影响农户接受新技术的因素等方面进行分析。【结果】96.3%的被调查农户主要收入来源于种植业;38.4%的农户获取农业新技术主要来源是农业技术推广,64.9%的农户通过向邻居学习来获得农业技术信息;48.2%和51.4%的农户需求新型肥料和新型农机等农业新技术;90.2%的农户认为栽培粗放制约了玉米产量的提高;89.4%的农户对农技推广是很欢迎的,但有近50%的农户得不到推广服务。【结论】粮食主产区农业技术进步需要重点选育抗逆性强的高产品种,研究新型长效肥技术,研制适合单个农户的农业机械以及开发与品种配套的栽培管理模式。农业新技术的推广应注重技术的增产和增收,加大公益性技术推广服务和典型农户的示范带动。  相似文献   

5.
苗忠杰  刘丽红 《农学学报》2015,5(9):130-134
由于生活环境的改变,社会配套设施的缺乏,加上自身的弱势地位,失地农民从农村进入城市后,逐渐出现了生存危机感、身份认同困惑、社会歧视带来的自卑感、对未来生活的焦虑和无助感等多种心理问题。失地农民的这种心理不适应状态,对正在进行的城市化进程会产生一定的负面影响。失地农民要转变观念,全面提高自己各方面的素质,积极地融入城市生活;社区和政府应为失地农民营造良好的生存环境,帮助失地农民提高心理适应能力,增强其城市认同感和归属感。  相似文献   

6.
African women farmers have an urgent need for adequate agricultural extension information. Training extension agents in gender related issues should have high priority, considering that the majority of farmers are women and have different roles, resources, constraints, and responsibilities from men. This paper examines the extent to which these issues are incorporated into the curriculum of the two Malawian institutions of agricultural education that train extensionists. It also considers the degree to which they are recruiting women officers into fields other than home economics. Administrators and lecturers at both institutions express a desire to integrate gender matters into the curriculum and to recruit more females into agricultural extension; yet both fall far short in meeting these goals. The conclusion provides recommendations on how African institutions of higher learning that train extension personnel might better accomplish these goals and suggests that African MOAs need to employ more women in agricultural research, extension, training, and policy-making positions.  相似文献   

7.
基于理论研究、实证研究分析相结合的方法，探究选择适应基层农技推广员与农民有效的沟通模式，从社会工作视角出发，运用优势视角、沟通理论等基本理论，为农技推广员下乡与农民沟通模式的研究提供基本理论框架，并结合湖南省岳阳市平江县农技推广员与农民沟通模式的现状及障碍因素进行分析，提出提高农技推广员与农民的沟通效率的思路与对策建议，以期为农技推广员与农民的高效、恰当的沟通提供理论与实践参照。  相似文献   

8.
Based on the assumption that agricultural technologies were available and that the problem was their dissemination and adoption, U.S. development efforts have focused on establishing public-sector extension systems for farmers in developing countries. Evaluations of government extension services in developing countries, however, have found them to be largely ineffective, especially in helping small farmers. As a result, private-sector extension is increasingly receiving attention as an alternative approach. This paper examines various characteristics of public- and privatesector extension, drawing on both the literature and a case study of government extension and farm input stores in Imbabura province, Ecuador. It concludes with a discussion of the implications of increased privatization of extension.  相似文献   

9.
农业产业化龙头企业在带动农民就业增收方面作用显著,为寻找影响农业企业带动农户的最终关键因子,利用福建省87家农业龙头企业2007—2011年的面板数据,首先运用随机前沿函数法（SFA）对影响福建省农业产业化龙头企业带动农户的内部因素和数值型的外部因素进行分析,然后再利用测算出的农业企业带动农户效率,运用方差分析法对其品质型的外部因素进行差异化分析,进而找到了关键影响因素。  相似文献   

10.
Mastitis is a complex, multifactorial disease. Pathogens, cows and farmers (via management) all play a role. It is costly and annoying for the farmer and threatens the image of the entire dairy industry. Prevention and control of mastitis is based on multiple principles that have been known for a long time. To implement them successfully, they should be put forward by a motivated and motivating advisor that transfers the existing knowledge to the farmer. When the changes are data-driven, applied by an encouraged farmer through a farm-specific implementation, prevention and control of mastitis will be successful and result in happy cows, happy farmers, happy advisors, happy consumers, and a happy industry. Nationwide projects focussing on communication and transfer of existing knowledge in prevention and control are very helpful in reaching high numbers of farmers and advisors and harmonizing the message brought by different parties. This paper gives an overview of multifactorial approach of mastitis management and prevention with a focus on milking, bedding and data-analysis.  相似文献   

11.
社会资本视角下社区农业技术创新扩散研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
社会资本影响着社区农业技术创新扩散过程。通过分析村干部社会资本、农民社会资本、社区社会资本在农业技术创新扩散中的作用和农村社会资本存在的问题,发现村干部和农民社会资本主要影响社区农业技术的创新,社区社会资本则影响社区农业技术创新的扩散。村干部社会资本存在2个方面的问题,一是因正式社会联系产生的社会资本存在差异,二是村干部非正式社会联系不足。农民社会资本表现为传统社会资本多,现代社会资本少。农村社区中传统型社会资本存量逐渐减少。基于此,提出了培育农村社会资本,促进社区农业技术创新扩散的对策。  相似文献   

12.
The value chain extension strategy of Sasakawa Africa Association focuses on improving the capacity of national agricultural extension systems and follows various thematic areas along the value chain to address key challenges accountable for low income households and poverty in Africa. Farmer learning platform is a model designed to increase crop productivity and encompasses demonstration plots where technological packages demonstrated significantly outperformed other technology plots in crop productivity and average profit margins. Enterprise-oriented production, postharvest and trading centers are value adding models designed to improve the effectiveness of extension and adoption of postharvest and agricultural processing technologies by producers. The use of the above along with necessary capacity building has facilitated the development of profitable business linkages of smallholder farmers with financial institutions and reliable market opportunities. The community association trader-trainer model is a market-oriented business approach applied in combination with other extension models. In 2018, 297 community-based commodity association trader-trainers were mobilized and capacitated to improve farmer group dynamics and developed collective input and output access and cluster aggregation centers at community level where various agricultural produces were mobilized and collectively aggregated, and valued at about 3.9 million USD. The supervised enterprise project model is an innovative agricultural extension model developed along with above models for capacity development of extension agents and transfer of technologies to smallholder farmers. Over 6000 supervised enterprise projects have been introduced into 27 universities in 12 African countries for training front-line extension officers and extension delivery to farming communities.  相似文献   

13.
通过对宁夏西吉县和盐池2个县农业推广体系现状的分析,结合目前正在试点中的科特派员制度,提出农业推广体系的改革应强调机制创新和制度创新.运用市场机制,以充分调动广大科技人员同农民建立各种利益共同体,增加推广人员的数量及提高他们的服务能力;改变传统推广项目管理模式,将政府推广资源分配给农村社区和农民专业技术组织,建立以用户为主导的运行模式,从而实现不同层次、不同学科以及政府推广机构和农民推广组织的广泛合作,从根本上提高农业推广体系的效率.  相似文献   

14.
● Seventy-eight percent of farmers accessed extension and advisory services from electronic sources dominated by radio. ● Low digital literacy and high cost of internet and digital devices were key barriers to digital extension and advisory services use. ● Farmers need information to make decisions, e.g., fertilizers, seeds or pesticides to use. ● Integrating digital and face-to-face methods can enhance inclusive scaling of extension activities. An assessment of the challenges and capacity gaps in smallholder access to digital extension and advisory services (EAS) was made by surveying 197 female and 239 male farmers in Kenya and Uganda. Non-digital extension approaches remain dominant but at least 78% of farmers accessed EAS from electronic sources dominated by radio. This is attributed to the fact that ownership of radios was more widespread than of other digital devices. Challenges that particularly limit the use of digital services included low digital literacy and prohibitive cost of internet and mobile devices. Female and elderly farmers were more likely to report these challenges than their counterparts. Logistic regression model results show that ownership of digital devices, participation in post-production activities, and access to extension were enablers of digital EAS use. Farmers mentioned gaps in obtaining information on crop pest/disease diagnosis and management, fertilizer application, pesticide safety and quality seed. Given the diversity in smallholder technological capabilities and information needs, the recommendations made include integration of digital communication within multimode advisory services that use different but linked communication channels, continued farmer digital innovation capacity enhancement, and participatory design approaches that deliver relevant and actionable information for inclusive scaling of extension activities.  相似文献   

15.
A farming systems approach to development has meant many things over the past 15 years, depending on its institutional and ecological setting, its target populations, and the goals motivating its implementation. Despite the diversity of approaches, and the sometimes rancorous discussion over which was best and why, the approach is now recognized in many places as the only one that can identify and respond to the needs of limited resource farm families, especially those in marginal ecosystems. Involving an iterative process of diagnosis, design, testing and extension, the farming system approach to date has done more to change research objectives at national and international institutions than to change actual farmer practices. By legitimizing what limited resource farmers do and why they do it, a farming systems approach lends itself to policy analysis as well. Recent research in farming systems suggests greater attention should be payed to exogenous variables, including policy and infrastructure, as well as to development of technology that really responds to the felt needs of limited resource farmers in improving their level of living.  相似文献   

16.
孟传慧  田奇恒 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(36):22654-22657
在对重庆市进行实地调研的基础上，从群体、社区以及社会工作者3个方面来探寻影响被征地农民社区融合的原因，在分析不同类型被征地农民社区融合的需求的基础上，探讨不同层次的社会工作介入被征地农民社区融合的路径。  相似文献   

17.
浅谈农民文化素质与农业技术推广   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
王育勋 《北京农业》2011,(3):209-210
农业技术推广以农民为对象,以教育、培训、传播信息、咨询服务为主要手段,根据农村发展需要,向农民传播知识、技术和信息,改变农民的态度与行为,提高农民的素质和团体发展能力,改善农民生产和生活条件,从而促进农村经济和社会的全面发展。  相似文献   

18.
有效的农技推广是农业科技发挥作用的重要保障。农技推广服务外包是当前农村地区先进农业技术推广应用主体缺失背景下,解决农业生产经营与农村有效劳动力结构失衡的重要途径。基于对山东省粮食作物和经济作物种植农户的调查,应用二元Logistic模型和区间回归模型,探讨影响支付意愿及水平的因素。结果表明,对于粮食作物和经济作物,愿意支付的农户占被调查农户的比例分别为42.36%和60.53%;农户大多愿意从技术服务带来的收益中每百元拿出5-30元进行支付;农户的受教育程度、种植成本和作物用途、对技术服务作用的认知等因素显著影响农技推广外包服务支付意愿和支付水平。在此基础上提出了各级政府需继续强化对农技推广服务的支持;引入农技服务人员和农户的风险共担利益共享机制;基层农技推广机构提升服务能力;各参与主体开展多种形式、多个层次的教育与培训等政策建议。  相似文献   

19.
贫困农村社区不同类型农户信息需求特性分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
在贫困农村社区中,不同类型农户因其生产生活活动的不同,决定了他们对信息需求的差异,自给自足型农户主要关注对新品种等最基本的农业信息,种植（养殖）专业型农户更关注市场价格信息和其他农业相关信息,而兼业型农户的信息需求更倾向于非农就业机会。在获取信息的渠道上,自给自足型农户更多地依赖传统的人际交流途径,而另两类农户在利用人际交流的基础上,趋于更多地利用大众传媒途径。信息在社区内呈现出从信息拥有量高的农户向信息量低的农户传播的梯度趋势,对信息占有的多寡,决定了不同农户在社区内地位的强弱,并影响其在进一步获得信息过程中的优劣。  相似文献   

20.
基于供需视角,采用问卷调查方式就河北农户对农业科技服务的需求意愿及行为进行了实证研究.结果表明:农户对科技服务的需求强烈而多样,有着较强的购买意愿;农户技术应用风险承受力较弱,但风险规避方式呈现积极变化.科技服务供给明显不足,供给满意度不高,农户给予较高期望,但农户信赖和认可的科技服务供给主体初现多元化趋势.最后,提出...  相似文献   

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