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1.
Summary A large Babesia species occurs in sheep on the North Sea islands of the Netherlands. The tick Haemaphysalis punctata is a vector. Its pathogenicity appears to be low. It is morphologically similar to a Turkish strain, considered to be B. motasi, which is also transmitted by Haemaphysalis ticks. It differs from the Turkish parasite serologically as well as in cross-immunity tests and in not being effective to goats. There may be a group of morphologically similar parasites with serological differences and different infectivity for sheep and goats. As it is impossible to know which one is to be considered as the original B. motasi, we designate the Dutch parasite as B. motasi (Netherlands). Anaplasma mesaeterum was found to occur on the island of Texel as well as on Ameland, where it had been found initially. 相似文献
2.
Summary A large Babesia sp., isolated from a sheep in Iran, proved to be serologically and morphologically different from B. motasi and B. ovis. The parasite, designated B. crassa n. sp., is characterized by the frequent occurrence of four organisms in one erythrocyte, which is the result of quadruple division and, in other cases, of two successive binary divisions. Parasites resulting from the first of two successive binary divisions are exceptionally broad. B. crassa appears to be of low pathogenicity for sheep and goats, to which it is also infective. The vector is unknown. 相似文献
3.
Izadyar Nasrin Abd Nikfarjam Bahareh Esmaeili Rastaghi Ahmad Reza Alizadeh Safar Ali Heydarian Peyman Saraei Mehrzad 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(5):1289-1293
Background
Toxoplasma gondii is a common protozoan parasite among all mammals, in particular small ruminants, worldwide. Traditional husbandry can be a major risk factor for infection of sheep and goats with this parasite.
ObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine the current status of the prevalence for T. gondii in livestock of Qazvin Province.
MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the sera of 455 sheep and 375 goats were examined to detect anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies by using in-house indirect ELISA.
ResultsOverall, 33.62% (153/455) of sheep and 36.41% (130/375) of goats were positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies with no statistically significant difference. The prevalence rate of T. gondii among the sheep of Qazvin County was significantly higher than in Abyek and Abhar counties (p < 0.001).
ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep and goats of the study area is high. Therefore, the meat of the animals reared in this area can be a potential source of human infections by this parasite.
相似文献4.
Summary On two occasions an anaplasm was isolated from sheep on the Dutch island of Ameland. The organism proved to be highly pathogenic for splenectomised sheep; a non‐splenectomised animal recovered spontaneously after the packed cell volume had decreased by 40%. Treatment with oxytetracycline was effective. Its pathogenicity for goats appeared to be low, and the organism was apparently not infective to splenectomised cattle. This anaplasm differs from Anaplasma ovis in that less than 30% of the organisms are marginally situated in the red cell, as against over 70% in A. ovis; cross‐immunity with A. ovis was incomplete and the latter appeared to be far more pathogenic to goats than the Dutch anaplasm, for which the name Anaplasma mesaeterum sp.n. is proposed. Its ultrastructure is similar to that of A. marginale and A. ovis. The vector is either Ixodes ricinus or Haemaphysalis punctata. Its practical importance remains to be ascertained. 相似文献
5.
6.
Summary An outbreak of caseous lymphadenitis in which three herds of goats were involved is described. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was shown to be the causative organism. The outbreak was associated with imported goats. As this first report of C. pseudotuberculosis causing caseous lymphadenitis as a clinical entity in small ruminants in the Netherlands, clinical and epizootiological aspects as well as possible methods of control are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Serodiagnosis of Babesia motasi (Wales), Theileria recondita (Wales) and Cytoecetes phagocytophila infection in sheep 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used to diagnose some tick-borne infections of sheep, Babesia motasi (Wales), Theileria recondita (Wales) and Cytoecetes phagocytophila. Antigen was prepared from blood derived from splenectomised sheep except for C phagocytophila which was derived from a normal animal. A field survey was made to assess the prevalence of B motasi and T recondita in North Wales and a comparison made between the titres using the B motasi (Wales) antigen with those previously reported. IFA titres reported in the homologous system were consistently lower than those described previously. The results of the field survey suggested that B motasi (Wales) infection is more widespread than was originally thought and more widespread than the known distribution of its vector Haemaphysalis punctata. No serological cross reactions occurred between B motasi (Wales), T recondita (Wales), C phagocytophila, B divergens, Sarcocystis ovicanis and Toxoplasma gondii. 相似文献
8.
A morphological and morphometric comparison was made of a Babesia ovis strain isolated in Extremadura (Spain) and a B. ovis strain from Turkey. Strains were morphologically similar, with a clear predominance of single sub-spherical or anaplasmoid forms. The use of an image analyser to measure B. ovis merozoites revealed significant differences in the long axis, short axis and volume between the two strains. Both strains however behaved in a similar manner in the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test, which suggests a high degree of common antigenicity, despite morphometric differences. Conversely, no cross-reaction was observed between these strains of B. ovis and the other antigens used: B. motasi (The Netherlands), B. motasi (Turkey), B. crassa (Iran) and Theileria ovis (Turkey). B. ovis is therefore considered to be the aetiological agent of babesiosis in the area under study. 相似文献
9.
Alanazi Abdullah D. Said Ashraf E. Ghoneim Ahmed M. Alyousif Mohamed S. Alanazi Ibrahim O. 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(1):89-98
A total of 1000 clinically healthy small ruminants comprising 500 sheep and 500 goats from five districts within Riyadh Province in Saudi Arabia were investigated by routine Giemsa staining for hematozoan parasites. Out of these, 100 sheep and 95 goat samples were investigated by PCR using three pairs of hemoprotozoan-specific primers. Based on microscopic examination, 33.2% of sheep and 25.2% of goats were found infected with hemoprotozoan parasites, while PCR detected hematozoan infection in 46% of sheep and 33.7% of goats. Extensive molecular characterization of hematozoan infection using six pairs of species-specific primers revealed the dominance of Theileria ovis, rather than any other species, which is recorded for the first time in small ruminants in Saudi Arabia. Prevalence of T. ovis in sheep and goats was found to be the highest in Riyadh (32, 48%) followed by AL-Kharj (31, 35%), Ad-Dawadimi (31, 33%), AL-Majmaah (15, 27%), and Rumah (17, 23%). The highest parasite prevalence was recorded in the 3 years of age and >?4 years of age ruminants, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in <?1 year of age ruminants. No noticeable differences in parasite prevalence between male or female ruminants were recorded. Partial sequencing of 18S rRNA gene revealed the infection of the studied ruminants with four new isolates of T. ovis. Further characterization of the pathogenicity and the clinical effects of these T. ovis isolates in sheep and goats is highly needed. The current results can be helpful in protecting and improving livestock industry in the countries that depend on a high number of small ruminants.
相似文献10.
The prevalence of Babesia spp. infection was studied in sheep of the Mashhad area in Iran from 1998 to 2000. A total of 677 sheep originating from 115 flocks were clinically examined and investigated for the presence of Babesia spp. in appropriate blood smears and any tick species on the body of the animals. The study revealed that the infection rate for Babesia ovis and Babesia motasi were 167 (24.6%) and 4 (0.5%), respectively. Double (mixed) infections occurred in 21 (3%) sheep. Differences in infection rates were statistically non-significant between male and female sheep and between different age groups. Seasonally, the prevalence of Babesia spp. infection started to increase in April and reached highest values in August (56%), while a decrease was observed in September, reaching the lowest levels In February and March. The study demonstrated that 1.7% of sheep infected with B. ovis and 50% of sheep infected with B. motasi exhibited clinical signs. Sheep infected with B. motasi showed the highest levels of parasitemia. We found that 550 (73%) of the animals harbored Rhipicephalus sanguineus; 166 (21%) Hyalomma marginatum; 19 (2.5%) Dermacentor daghestanicus; 14 (1.8%) Hyalomma anatolicum; 6 (0.66%) Hyalomma asiaticum; and one (0.13%) Haemaphysalis punctata. The examination of 727 tick haemolymph samples and 52 tick egg smears showed that one sample (0.2%) of haemolymph of R. sanguineus, two (1.2%) haemolymphs of H. marginatum and two (2%) eggs of R. sanguineus harbored kinetes morphologically matching the criteria described for B. ovis. 相似文献
11.
Summary A serological survey on dermatophilosis was carried out amongst sheep and goats in Kaduna State of Nigeria. Sera were‐obtained from slaughter animals and from sheep kept on an isolated ranch. The percentage of seropositive animals was 28.0 in slaughter sheep, 0.0 in sheep kept on the ranch, and 23.2 in slaughter goats. The high prevalence of D. congolensis antibodies among small ruminants compares well with the level of prevalence reported of cattle and calls for a concerted government effort for the control of the disease. 相似文献
12.
In this study, a pair of oligonucleotide primers were designed according to the nucleotide sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene of Babesia ovis isolated from sheep in eastern Turkey. The primers were used to detect parasite DNA from blood samples of B. ovis-infected sheep and goats by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A 549-bp DNA fragment was specifically amplified from blood samples from sheep and goats, naturally infected with B. ovis. No PCR products resulted from Babesia motasi, T. ovis, Theileria sp. OT1, Theileria sp. OT3, T. lestoquardi, B. canis, B. microti,T. annulata or normal sheep leucocytes DNA using these specific primers. B. ovis-infected erythrocytes with 1% parasitemia were subjected to 10-fold serial dilutions (from 10(-1) to 10(-9)) using an uninfected sheep erythrocytes, and DNA was extracted from each diluted sample for testing the sensitivity of the PCR. The PCR was sensitive enough to detect parasite DNA from the dilution of 10(-5) with 0.00001% parasitemia. This is more sensitive than examining 200 fields under light microscopy. In addition, 98 field samples collected from small ruminanats in eastern Turkey were tested for B. ovis infection. Four samples were positive Babesia spp. in blood smears, 21 samples were positive for B. ovis DNA by PCR. These results indicate that the PCR provides a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of B. ovis infection in sheep and goats. 相似文献
13.
H. J. W. M. Cremers 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(4):283-289
Summary The feel of horses, sheep, and goats of different breeds and from many different localities were examined for Chorioptes bovis. In horses, mites were mainly found in the Belgian and Frisian breeds (40% and 62% infected, respectively). In sheep and goats, respectively 63% and 86% were infected. In horses as well as in sheep and goats, mange‐lesions were rarely seen. A number of sheep and goats were examined for mites and lesions quantitatively. In sheep all mites were restricted to the region close to the accessory digits and the claws. In goats the average number of mites was higher than in sheep, and mites could be found on all locations of the feet at least as far as the carpal and tarsal joint. Both in sheep and goats the biggest density of mites was found just below the accessory digits. When crusts were present, they were generally small and hidden under the coat. In sheep, which were housed for a long period, crusts were seen more often and were more distinct than in pastured animals. A negative correlation between the number of mites and the presence and extensiveness of crusts was observed A possible explanation for this phenomenon is suggested. From the results of this study it is clear that there is no necessity to list chorioptic mange in sheep and goats as a notifiable disease. 相似文献
14.
Experiments on the transmission of an unidentified Theileria sp. infective for small ruminants by Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum were carried out. Three Theileria-free batches of adult, larvae, and nymphs of laboratory reared H. qinghaiensis and Hy. a. anatolicum ticks were infected by feeding them on sheep infected with Theileria sp. The Theileria sp. was originally isolated from adult ticks of H. qinghaiensis, by inoculation of blood stabilates or tick transmission. H. qinghaiensis has been shown to be capable of transmitting the Theileria sp. infective for small ruminants transstadially to sheep and goats. The nymphs developed from the larvae engorged on the sheep infected with the parasite transmitted the pathogen to splenectomized sheep with prepatent periods of 30, 31 days, respectively; but the subsequent adult ticks of H. qinghaiensis derived from the nymphs did not transmit the pathogen to sheep. However, adults developed from the nymphs engorged on the sheep infected with the parasite transmitted the pathogen to sheep with prepatent periods of 24-27 days. The larvae, nymphs and adult ticks derived from female H. qinghaiensis ticks engorged on infected sheep were not able to transmit the parasite transovarially. The same experiments were done with Hy. a. anatolicum, but examination for presence of piroplasma of Theileria sp. from all animals were negative, demonstrating that Hy. a. anatolicum could not transmit the organism to sheep or goats. 相似文献
15.
Summary On two occasions an anaplasm was isolated from sheep on the Dutch island of Ameland. The organism proved to be highly pathogenic for splenectomised sheep; a non-splenectomised animal recovered spontaneously after the packed cell volume had decreased by 40%. Treatment with oxytetracycline was effective. Its pathogenicity for goats appeared to be low, and the organism was apparently not infective to splenectomised cattle. This anaplasm differs from Anaplasma ovis in that less than 30% of the organisms are marginally situated in the red cell, as against over 70% in A. ovis; cross-immunity with A. ovis was incomplete and the latter appeared to be far more pathogenic to goats than the Dutch anaplasm, for which the name Anaplasma mesaeterum sp.n. is proposed. Its ultrastructure is similar to that of A. marginale and A. ovis. The vector is either Ixodes ricinus or Haemaphysalis punctata. Its practical importance remains to be ascertained. 相似文献
16.
Summary A survey of coccidia infections in trade cattle, sheep, and goats was undertaken in Nigeria between April 1978 and March 1979. Faecal examinations showed coccidia oocysts in 1,456 (56 per cent) of 2,600 calves, 832 (80 per cent) out of 1,040 sheep, and 468 (45 per cent) out of 1,040 goats. There were relatively few coccidia oocysts between October and March and peaks occurred in August and September. Nine species of Eimeria were identified in bovine faeces, and seven species in both sheep and goats. Eimeria bovis and E. zurnii are predominant in cattle, whereas E. faurei and E. ninakohlyakimovae have the highest percentage occurrence in sheep and goats in Nigeria. The effects of seasonal influences on the abundance of coccidia oocysts among ruminants in Nigeria are stressed. 相似文献
17.
Extract Taenia ovis is a parasite which infects dogs (the definitive host) and sheep and goats (intermediate hosts). It has been the subject of a control programme in New Zealand based largely on the 6-weekly dosing of rural dogs with praziquantel. Since the patent for praziquantel has expired, various generic formulations have become available, including the formulation tested here. It is debatable whether such products should be tested for bioequivalence and biological activity against the target parasite or for bioequivalence only. In this instance, although the drug had been registered on the basis of blood levels of praziquantel achieved, it was felt that a biological test would be beneficial if the generic drug, mixed with other anthelmintics, was to be used on a wide scale to control Taenia ovis in New Zealand. 相似文献
18.
B. O. Fagbemi 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(2):92-95
Summary A study of Ctenocephalides fells strongylus and of its effect on the performance of sheep and goats was made. Fleas showed more affinity for sheep than goats. There was a high concentration between lamb and kid mortality and the degree of flea infestation. The clinical effects of flea infestation are highlighted. The factors responsible for flea infestation and its control are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Laura Issia Silvia Pietrokovsky Jos Sousa-Figueiredo J. Russell Stothard Cristina Wisnivesky-Colli 《Veterinary parasitology》2009,165(3-4):341-344
Between autumn and spring 2006, a coprological survey was performed in two wildlife reserves located in the north of Argentine Patagonia to determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica and the number of parasite eggs per gram (epg) of feces in wild guanacos (Lama guanicoe), coypus (Myocastor coypus), and locally born and raised goats and sheep. Snails of the Family Lymnaeidae were collected in freshwater habitats, identified taxonomically and analyzed parasitologically.Prevalence of patent infection was 100% in sheep (n = 69) and coypus (n = 9), 84% in goats (n = 20) and 0.5% in guanacos (n = 224). No significant differences in epg were found among animals, but the median epg of coypus (160) and sheep (160) was higher than that of goats (80). For guanacos and goats, a negative binomial model estimating the population egg-count frequency could be fitted, while for coypus and sheep parasite egg-count frequencies trended toward a normal distribution, indicative of a more even, and much less aggregated distribution across sampled hosts. All snails (n = 175) were Lymnaea truncatula and none of them was found infected. This is the first report of fascioliasis in free-ranging guanacos in Argentina. Coypu appears to be a major wildlife reservoir of F. hepatica, which was presumably introduced locally by livestock. 相似文献
20.
Extract Madam:– The significance of Pasteurella haemolytica as a pathogen of cattle and sheep is well established. However, less attention has bcen paid to its role as a pathogen of goats and this limited work relates mainly to tropical countries. (2)(3)(4)(5) The lack of information on this topic and the increase in economic importance of goats in New Zealand led us to undertake a preliminary survey to find which of the 15 serotypes of P. haemolytica are commonly isolated from pneumonic goats in this country. 相似文献