共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 275 毫秒
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精确农业的技术体系与应用研究进展 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
精确农业是超前性的农业新技术，它是根据作物、土壤和病虫害的时空变量，应用全球定位系统（GPS）、遥感（PS）、地理信息系统（GIS）、变率处理技术（VRT）和决策支持系统（DSS）等进行田间耕作和管理和一种“处方农业”。经济发达国家已开始推广精确农业，发展中国家也开始了广泛的应用研究和实验示范。我国发展精确农业有诸多限制因素，但近期可重点发展节水、节肥精确农业，在农业发展较快的地区可发展精确设施农业。 相似文献
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谷曼 《农村．农业．农民》2006,(6):18-18
1991年第一次海湾战争后,全球定位系统（GPS）技术开始民用化,这给农业精确定位管理提供了可能性.精确农业在美国、加拿大等发达国家已被广泛认可是可持续发展农业的重要途径.基本涵义是按照田间每一操作单元（区域、部位）的具体条件,精细准确地调整各项土壤和作物管理措施,最大限度地优化使用各项农业投入,以获取单位面积上的最高产量和最大经济效益,同时保护农业生态环境,保护土地等农业资源.精确农业的核心技术是地理信息系统（GIS）、全球卫星定位系统（GPS）、遥感技术（RS）简称（3S）和计算机自动控制系统. 相似文献
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Viewgis在土地资源清查中的应用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）技术和方法,运用空间数据库存贮、管理、操作各类信息和数据,利用Ｖｉｅｗｇｉｓ的各项功能,对研究人的土地资源信息进行了量化、空间分析、分级评定、并输出了土地类型图作。为土地资源管理提供了一种全数字的方法。 相似文献
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本文介绍了精确农业中定位养分管理的实施与应用状况,包括土壤信息的获取及管理等。提出根据国内各地具体情况,研究适合当地经济发展及农业生产水平的养分管理技术,逐步形成一种相对简单但效果明显的精确农业方式。 相似文献
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彭望禄 《中国农业信息快讯》2001,(8):6-7
介绍了美国精确农业发展现状及当前进行的主要工作，阐述精确农业就是信息农业的概念。着重介绍SSCM（根据田间具体情况作物管理系统）系统和ieldMap产量图在精确农业发展中的作用及GIS与精确农业的不可分关系。 相似文献
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信息技术运用农业 ,使精确农业成为可能 ,精确农业是现代农业发展的新趋势 ,必将引起农业革命性的变化 相似文献
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江津紫色土壤养分空间变异性研究——地统计学方法 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
利用地统计学,结合GIS研究紫色土土壤表层（0－20cm)的有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾4种养分含量的空间分布特征。结果表明,有机质、速效氮、速效钾为正态分布,速效磷为对数正态分布;半方差分析的结果表明大部分土壤养分在一定间距内存在空间相关性,且为中等强度的空间自相关;用普通克立格法进行最优内插,做养分含量分布图,进行叠加分析,并对土壤肥力作初步评价,其中二等地占90％,面积最大。此结果可进一步应用于精确农业（施肥）。 相似文献
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In recent years, precision farming has been receiving more attention from researchers. Precision farming, which provides a holistic system approach, helps farmers to manage the spatial and temporal crop and soil variability within a field in order to increase profitability, optimize yield and quality, and reduce costs. There has been considerable research in farmers’ adoption of precision agriculture technologies. However, most recent studies have considered only a few aspects, whereas in this study a wide range of farm characteristics and farmer demographics are tested to gain insight into the relevant aspects of adoption of precision farming in German crop farming. The results of a logistic regression analysis show that predictors with positive influence on the adoption of precision farming are agricultural contractor services such as an additional farming business, having under 5 years’ experience in crop farming, having between 16 and 20 years’ experience in crop farming, and having more than 500 ha of arable land. However, having a farm of less than 100 ha and producing barley are factors that exert a negative influence on the adoption of precision farming. The results of this study provide manifold starting points for the further proliferation of precision agriculture technologies and future research directions. 相似文献
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M. Diacono A. Castrignanò C. Vitti A. M. Stellacci L. Marino C. Cocozza D. De Benedetto A. Troccoli P. Rubino D. Ventrella 《Precision Agriculture》2014,15(5):479-498
Precision agriculture (PA) technologies allow us to assess field variability and support site-specific (SSP) application of inputs. The joint application of PA and organic farming practices might be synergetic. The objective of this 3-year study was to propose a multivariate statistical and geostatistical approach, to evaluate the effects of SSP nitrogen (N) fertilization on durum wheat in transition to organic farming. Soil parameters were measured to assess soil fertility level before the SSP fertilization on wheat, which was carried out by management zones in the third year. Radiometric measurements were performed with a hyperspectral spectroradiometer and N-uptake at anthesis and grain yield were determined. The expected values and 95 % confidence intervals of the soil parameters, N-uptake and yield data were estimated with polygon kriging for each management zone. Reflectance data were reduced through principal component analysis and the retained principal components were submitted to factorial co-kriging analysis to estimate orthogonal scale-dependent factors. Comparisons between N-uptake and yield and between the retained regionalized factors (F1) and yield were performed. The spatial pattern of F1 at shorter scales was mostly reproduced in the N-uptake map, suggesting the predictive capacity of hyperspectral data for crop N-status. Within-cluster variance for yield was reduced, quite probably as a combined effect of meteorological pattern and management. The preliminary results seem to be promising in the perspective of PA. Moreover, an inverse relationship between grain yield and crop N-status was observed. 相似文献
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Dong Taifeng Shang Jiali Liu Jiangui Qian Budong Jing Qi Ma Baoluo Huffman Ted Geng Xiaoyuan Sow Abdoul Shi Yichao Canisius Francis Jiao Xianfeng Kovacs John M. Walters Dan Cable Jeff Wilson Jeff 《Precision Agriculture》2019,20(6):1231-1250
Precision Agriculture - Remote sensing has been recognized as a cost-effective way to detect the spatial and temporal variability of crop growth and productivity. In this study, multispectral... 相似文献
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The role of GIS and GPS in precision farming 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M. Nemnyi P. . Mesterhzi Zs. Pecze Zs. Stpn 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2003,40(1-3):45
Examinations in connection with site-specific farming have been carried out by our institute since 1998. Precision farming is a way of agricultural production, which takes into account the in-field variability, a technology where the application-seeding, nutrient replacement, spraying, etc. has taken place to act on the local circumstances of a given field. The geographic information system (GIS) created by computing background makes possible to generate complex view about our fields and to make valid agrotechnological decisions. Our goal was to compare two systems for marking out further research tasks, because in some cases there have been misunderstandings among the researchers, and the information provided by given companies seems to be complicated for potential users (famers). 相似文献
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上海市不同经营体制下的土壤养分变异特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对上海两种经营体制的土壤速效养分含量及变异性分析,结果表明:整个上海地区土壤速效钾均处于较低于的水平,都在临界值附近,而土壤有效锌在分散经营条件下处于中低水平,而在规模经营条件下有富集的趋势。土壤的有效铜含量在两种经营条件下均较高;同不经营体制下的土壤养分变异非管理元素的变异系数差异不大,管理元素在分散经营条件下的土壤养分一般都高于规模经营;规模经营条件下地块内的变异一般都在30%以下,所以,在分散经营条件下实施土壤养分精准管理的迫切性要高于规模经营地区;规模经营体制下和分散经营体制下的土壤速效养分的半方差结构均可用指数模型来描述。大多数土壤速效养分的半方差结构明显,结构性方差占总方差的比例均在50%以上。但分散经营条件下的管理元素相关距均小在规模经营条件下。 相似文献
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Morari F. Zanella V. Gobbo S. Bindi M. Sartori L. Pasqui M. Mosca G. Ferrise R. 《Precision Agriculture》2021,22(1):75-98
Precision Agriculture - Nitrogen (N) fertilization in durum wheat has traditionally been managed based on yield goals without considering temporal and spatial variability of yield potential related... 相似文献
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Precision viticulture (PV) has been mainly applied at the field level, for which the ability of high resolution data to match within-field variability has been already shown. However, the interest of PV for grape growers would be greater if its principles could also apply at a larger scale, as most growers still focus their management on a multi-field scale, not considering each field as an isolated unit. The aim of this study was to analyse whether it is possible and relevant to use PV tools to define meaningful management zones at the whole-vineyard scale. The study was carried out on a 90-ha vineyard made of 27 contiguous fields. The spatial variability of vine vigour, estimated with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), was analysed at within-field and whole-vineyard scales. The spatial variability of the vigour was significant and spatially organized whatever the considered scale. Besides, vineyard spatial variability was characterised using information on environmental factors (soil apparent conductivity and elevation) and vine response (yield, vigour and grape composition). At both scales, NDVI and measured environmental factors were used to establish a three-level classification, whose agronomic significance was tested comparing the vine response observed for each class. The analysis of high resolution information allowed the definition of classes with agronomic and oenological implications, although there was not a straightforward correspondence between the classes defined and quality. Analysing the variability at the whole-vineyard scale highlighted a trend of spatial variation associated to elevation that was hardly visible at the within-field level. 相似文献
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都市圈“土壤-饲料-动物”系统养分流动与环境效应——以北京市为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】随着中国城市化进程的加快和经济的快速发展,人们对食品的需求和饮食结构发生了明显变化。城郊农牧生产的集约化发展在满足人们日益增长的对动物性产品和高品质植物性产品需求的同时,也带来了严重的资源浪费和环境污染问题。论文通过分析都市圈"土壤-饲料-动物"体系养分流动和环境排放特征,为养分资源综合管理、促进农牧结合和保护生态环境等提供科学建议。【方法】通过对北京市生猪(92个)、奶牛(28个)、肉牛(11个)、蛋鸡(27个)、肉鸡(26个)和肉鸭(16)共计200个农场的生产管理、饲料来源和投入、粪尿管理、还田利用的调研,总结出北京市农牧生产不同规模体系的特征参数,结合食物链养分流动模型(nutrient flows in food chains,environment and resources,NUFER)、北京市历史统计数据和文献参数数据对北京市都市圈农牧系统的氮磷流动、养分利用率和环境损失进行综合评价。对1980年与2013年农牧生产体系养分流动特征、利用率和环境排放特征的时空变化进行比较分析。【结果】从"土壤-饲料-动物"体系氮磷流动特征分析结果可以看出,体系中氮磷的投入和输出结构发生了较大变化。2013年,"土壤-饲料-动物"体系中进口主产物饲料氮磷投入是主要的养分来源,而1980年进口副产品饲料是主要的氮磷投入源。2013年氮磷损失为主要的输出项,而1980年氮磷还田为主要的输出项。这就说明随着城市化的发展和农牧系统的规模化,越来越多的外来养分在都市农牧系统中集中,从而带来了更大比例的环境损失输出。2013年,农牧生产体系氮素利用率NUEC+A为29.0%,与1980年相似。其中2013年农牧生产体系中的作物生产体系氮素养分利用率NUEC为33.0%,低于1980年的39.5%,而2013年动物生产体系NUEA为20.6%,高于1980年的17.8%。环境损失特征分析结果显示,单位面积氮磷损失和损失途径均发生了较大变化。2013年,每公顷耕地面积氮素和磷素总损失分别为436.5和37.5 kg·hm~(-2),而1980年的氮素和磷素损失分别为77.5和3.2 kg·hm~(-2),2013年单位耕地面积的氮素和磷素损失量较1980年分别增加了4.6倍和10.7倍。2013年氮素气体损失占氮素总损失的比例最大,为61.1%,其次为直接排放,为31.3%,淋溶径流损失比例最小,为7.6%。与1980年相比,气体损失比例明显降低,而无序排放比例明显增加,超过淋溶径流成为第二大损失途径。2013年磷素直接排放损失比例超过淋溶径流成为最主要的排放途径。同时,北京市"土壤-饲料-动物"体系环境氮磷损失在城郊区域迅速增加,而在城市中心区域迅速减少。【结论】1980—2013年间,北京市"土壤-饲料-动物"系统氮磷流动特征和环境排放时空分布发生了很大变化。这些变化与种养结构的变化、养殖规模和方式以及环保政策密切相关。 相似文献
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Wallor Evelyn Kersebaum Kurt-Christian Lorenz Karsten Gebbers Robin 《Precision Agriculture》2019,20(2):313-334
Precision Agriculture - The benefits of process-oriented modelling for management recommendations at the field scale are constrained by high spatial variability of soil properties and lack of dense... 相似文献