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1.
应用臭氧浓度精准控制熏蒸装置提高树莓贮藏品质 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了明确不同浓度臭氧气体处理对树莓低温贮藏品质的影响,促进臭氧精准控制装置在果蔬采后贮藏保鲜中的应用,采用国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心(天津)研制的精准浓度臭氧冷藏熏蒸装置对树莓(品种:海尔特兹Heritage)进行短时臭氧熏蒸处理(4℃,1 h,相对湿度95%),臭氧质量浓度为0.21、0.54、1.07 mg/L,熏蒸后树莓置于0℃冷库中贮藏,定期测试不同浓度臭氧熏蒸处理对树莓采后贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:臭氧精准控制装置能够在较短时间内达到设定浓度,0.21、0.54、1.07 mg/L的臭氧分别在96、168、240 s时达到,并且臭氧浓度控制精准,精度为0.05 mg/L。不同浓度臭氧熏蒸处理均可以显著抑制树莓微生物繁殖(P0.05),1.07 mg/L可使树莓微生物菌落总数降低1.62个数量级。0.21、0.54 mg/L熏蒸处理过的树莓感官品质显著好于对照组(P0.05),能够有效延缓树莓果实维生素C降解,维持可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量,抑制硬度下降,0.54 mg/L熏蒸处理对树莓的保鲜效果较佳,1.07 mg/L熏蒸处理对树莓表面造成轻微伤害,反而促进树莓贮藏中的腐烂,降低了营养品质,不利于树莓保鲜。精准控制臭氧浓度,对于明确臭氧处理保鲜效果、调控树莓采后贮藏品质方面具有应用潜力。 相似文献
2.
冰温结合臭氧对销地红提葡萄保鲜效果研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为确定冰温(-1℃)条件下红提葡萄贮藏保鲜的适宜臭氧浓度,分别以2.5mg·L-1和5mg·L-1质量浓度的臭氧对冰温下贮藏的红提葡萄进行间歇式处理,并在贮藏期间定期对葡萄的品质和生理指标进行测定。结果表明,臭氧有很好的抑菌效果。与对照相比,臭氧组降低了葡萄的腐烂率、落粒率,延缓了可溶性固形物(SSC)和可滴定酸(TA)含量的下降,其中低质量浓度的臭氧(2.5mg·L-1)较高浓度(5mg·L-1)具有更好的保鲜效果。因此冰温条件下,红提葡萄贮藏保鲜的适宜臭氧浓度为2.5 mg·L-1。该研究为筛选葡萄安全有效、经济实用的非硫保鲜方法提供了参考。 相似文献
3.
4.
纳他霉素处理对采后甜樱桃生理代谢及品质的影响 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
为了研究纳他霉素与维生素C（Vc）复配处理对采后甜樱桃果实生理代谢与品质的影响及其作用机理,该试验采用10 mg/L纳他霉素溶液、100 mg/L Vc溶液以及10 mg/L纳他霉素+100 mg/L Vc溶液中浸泡处理甜樱桃10 min,然后将果实置于5℃下贮藏,在贮藏期间,分析测定了呼吸速率以及与抗病性有关的多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）等酶活性,同时,测定了果实颜色、硬度、Vc含量、酚类物质含量以及腐烂率等品质指标。结果表明,单独的纳他霉素处理或与Vc复配处理均可有效延长贮藏期达10 d以上,尤其是复配处理还可显著提高PPO、POD、PAL酶活性并使酚类物质含量增加,降低果实呼吸速率与腐烂率,保持较高的Vc含量和硬度,单独的纳他霉素处理也具有一定的调节生理代谢与防腐作用,而单独的Vc处理作用不明显。研究结果认为纳他霉素与Vc复配溶液可作为天然保鲜剂在采后甜樱桃果实的实际贮运中应用。 相似文献
5.
臭氧杀灭循环营养液中三种土传病原菌的试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为给臭氧应用于循环营养液消毒提供指导,该文研究了营养液中臭氧浓度的上升、衰减,臭氧杀灭营养液中3种植物病原菌所需的残余臭氧浓度、接触时间和残留臭氧对黄瓜根系的伤害。结果表明：高浓度臭氧气体在营养液中形成的臭氧平衡浓度高,达到平衡浓度所需的时间短;低浓度臭氧气体形成的臭氧平衡浓度低,达到平衡浓度需要的时间长。当营养液中残余臭氧浓度为0.6 mg/L,接触时间5 min时,臭氧对103 cfu/mL浓度黄瓜枯萎病、番茄枯萎病和106 cfu/mL浓度十字花科软腐病3 相似文献
6.
冷藏配合臭氧处理进行果蔬保鲜是一项新型的保鲜方式。掌握不同产量的臭氧发生器在不同类型冷库中应用时臭氧浓度的变化规律,对果蔬贮藏具有重要意义。该文研究了臭氧产量分别为0.2、0.49 和0.94 g/h的3种臭氧发生器,分别放置在两种类型、容积均为100 m3、温度为（0±0.5）℃冷库中,臭氧浓度的积累规律。结果表明,臭氧发生器的产量对库内臭氧积累量有极显著影响,随发生器产量的增大积累浓度增加。装配式气调库在120～140 min、砖混结构冷库在60～90 min时臭氧浓度达到最高值,而后基本维持在最高值时的浓度水平上。产量为0.94、0.49 和0.2 g/h的3种臭氧发生器在装配式冷库中臭氧累积最高浓度分别为1.37、0.71和0.30 mg/m3,臭氧浓度与时间的回归曲线相关系数分别是0.9234、0.9252和0.9689;在砖混结构冷库中,臭氧累积最高浓度分别为1.25、0.62和0.23 mg/m3,臭氧浓度与时间的回归曲线相关系数分别是0.7293、0.8816和0.9105。装配式气调库内臭氧累积浓度显著高于砖混结构冷库内臭氧累积浓度。 相似文献
7.
不同浓度牛蒡提取液对菠菜生长及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度牛蒡提取液对菠菜生长及品质的影响.结果表明,与清水对照相比,喷施30～1500 mg/L牛蒡提取液可使菠菜鲜重增加10.8%～30.0%;可能由于"稀释效应",叶绿素含量降低2.7%～15.7%;Vc含量提高46.1%～136.4%;硝酸盐含量降低 23.2%～69.2%;草酸含量降低 22.3% ～67.6%.其中,对叶绿素含量、Vc 含量、硝酸盐及草酸含量的效应,都以 30 mg/L 处理的效果最好.而鲜重方面,30 mg/L处理与效果最好的 500 mg/L处理之间差异亦不显著.因此,从对菠菜的生长情况、品质情况及经济角度综合考虑,牛蒡提取液应用在菠菜上的适宜浓度为 30 mg/L. 相似文献
8.
为探讨采前草酸处理在西兰花采后保鲜上应用的可行性,西兰花于采前5 d喷洒20 mmol·L-1草酸水溶液,以喷洒等量纯水处理作为对照,采后2℃贮藏15 d,之后20℃货架贮藏4 d,定期测定生理及品质指标。结果表明,采前草酸处理可显著抑制贮藏期间呼吸强度和乙烯释放量的上升(P<0.05);延缓失重率的上升,抑制L*值的增加和H值的下降,抑制叶绿素含量、Vc含量和硬度的下降,采前草酸处理可提高西兰花的贮藏品质。本研究结果为采前草酸处理在西兰花贮藏上的应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
9.
为建立海沃德猕猴桃货架期品质变化动力学模型,以实现对海沃德猕猴桃货架期的预测。本试验将经0.5 μL·L-1 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理(处理组)与不处理(对照组)的猕猴桃于0、4、15、25℃条件下贮藏,测定其硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、Vc含量;并基于Arrhenius理论建立货架期预测模型,选取20℃样本对该模型进行验证。结果表明,1-MCP对试验设置温度条件下贮藏的海沃德猕猴桃硬度、可滴定酸含量和Vc含量的降低以及可溶性固形物含量的升高均有一定的延缓作用;同时对其硬度和Vc含量变化情况进行拟合,比较拟合后的反应速率常数k,发现温度越高Vc含量和硬度变化越快。比较零级反应和一级反应线性回归决定系数R2可知,对照组和处理组Vc含量变化动力学方程遵循一级反应动力学,对照组R2≥0.97,处理组R2≥0.94;对照组和处理组硬度含量变化动力学方程遵循零级反应动力学,对照组R2≥0.96,处理组R2≥0.92。对照组硬度下降及Vc含量下降的lnk和1/T的R2>0.98,处理组硬度下降及Vc含量下降的lnk和1/T的R2>0.89。将预测值和实测值进行比较,结果显示,对照组猕猴桃货架期预测值和实测值相对误差均在±10%以内。综上表明,用硬度变化预测猕猴桃货架期,操作简单,相对误差较低。本研究结果在猕猴桃贮藏、销售中具有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
10.
西兰花是深受人们喜爱的蔬菜,衰老黄化是其采后正常的生理代谢过程,也是引起西兰花品质劣变的主要因素。为此寻求开发有效、绿色安全的西兰花保鲜方法迫在眉睫。以甘肃特色高原蔬菜西兰花品种耐寒优秀为试材,研究流态冰预冷近冰温贮藏、0 ℃预冷4 ℃贮藏和对照不预冷4 ℃贮藏等3种处理方式对其贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,在整个贮藏期,流态冰预冷近冰温贮藏处理西兰花的叶绿素含量、萝卜硫素含量、Vc含量、氨基酸含量以及可溶性蛋白含量均显著高于0 ℃预冷4 ℃贮藏处理和不预冷4 ℃贮藏处理。与0 ℃预冷4 ℃贮藏和不预冷 4 ℃贮藏相比,流态冰预冷近冰温贮藏可以增加西兰花贮藏期萝卜硫素、总酚物质和多糖的含量。流态冰预冷近冰温贮藏可保持西兰花贮藏期营养品质,同时能够维持西兰花的功能成分,保持其商品价值。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
20.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献