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1.
 本研究以多年筛选出的东北霜霉菌Peronospora manschurica(Naum.) Syd.为诱导菌,在黄瓜植株的3~4叶期,采用茎部注射、喷雾和灌根等三种诱导接种方法,诱导植株产生诱导抗性,测定东北霜霉菌对黄瓜霜霉病的免疫作用。研究结果表明:东北霜霉菌免疫作用的强弱与诱导接种方法有关。在3种诱导接种方法中,以注茎诱导接种法的免疫作用最强,使黄瓜植株产生的系统保护作用最明显,表现为黄瓜霜霉病的发病始期较对照株向后推迟12~13天,平均病情指数降低17.6;喷雾诱导接种的免疫作用较弱;而灌根诱导接种法,未能反应出东北霜霉菌的免疫作用。  相似文献   

2.
本研究以多年筛选出的东北霜霉菌Peronosporamanschurica(Naum.)Syd.为诱导菌,在黄瓜植株的3~4叶期,采用茎部注射、喷雾和灌根等三种诱导接种方法,诱导植株产生诱导抗性,测定东北霜霉菌对黄瓜霜霉病的免疫作用。研究结果表明:东北霜霉菌免疫作用的强弱与诱导接种方法有关。在3种诱导接种方法中,以注茎诱导接种法的免疫作用最强,使黄瓜植株产生的系统保护作用最明显,表现为黄瓜霜霉病的发病始期较对照株向后推迟12~13天,平均病情指数降低17.6;喷雾诱导接种的免疫作用较弱;而灌根诱导接种法,未能反应出东北霜霉菌的免疫作用  相似文献   

3.
空心菜青枯病病原菌的鉴定   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
 空心菜青枯病是近年来在广东空心菜产区新发生的病害,病株率一般为5%~20%,严重达50%以上。症状初始表现为植株上部1~2片叶萎蔫、下垂,病叶失去光泽呈灰绿色;随着病情的发展,病叶不断增多,最终整株萎蔫,甚至倒伏。经细菌学鉴定、室内致病性测定、16S rDNA序列比较及系统进化分析,结果表明引起该病害的病原是茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum);致病性和碳水化合物利用试验结果表明,该病原菌属茄科雷尔氏菌1号生理小种,生化变种4。  相似文献   

4.
黄瓜红粉病的发生为害及防治方法   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
黄瓜红粉病是永年县黄瓜新发生的病害。2001年11月在小龙马乡何营村少数棚室黄瓜上首次发生,发病棚率1.5%,病棚内黄瓜病株率2.5%~11.5%。2002年11月至2003年4月调查,该病在小龙马乡何营村、蔬菜园区、小郑庄村、大郑庄村等黄瓜棚室中都有发生,病棚率5%左右,病棚内黄瓜病株率9.8%~70%,病叶率30%~89%,病指8~53.6。2003年8月6~10日调查,黄瓜红粉病在部分露地黄瓜上发生,病株率10%~100%,病叶率4.5%~26.7%,病指0.5~7.5,发病面积占黄瓜种植面积的15%。1为害症状黄瓜红粉病一般发生在黄瓜生育中、后期,15~20片叶时开始发病。主要为害叶片,…  相似文献   

5.
玉米叶点霉叶斑病菌生物学特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
由玉米叶点霉Phyllosticta zeae Stout引起的玉米叶斑病是玉米生产上的重要病害[1].1930年在美国伊利诺斯州首次发现并报道了该病[2],1968年该病害广泛发生于美国数个州[3],1969年在加拿大安大略省也发现了该病.该病害2011年在我国甘肃灵台县零星发病,在临洮县部分田块病株率达100%,病叶率为20%;2012年调查发现在甘肃陇南、天水、平凉、定西等地田间发生较为普遍,病株率为5% ~40%,严重田块病叶率达20% ~40%,对玉米产量造成不同程度的损失.国内外对玉米叶点霉叶斑病病原的研究报道较少[2-3],为此,作者在2011-2012年对玉米叶点霉的生物学特性进行了研究,以期为有效防治玉米叶点霉叶斑病提供科学依据.  相似文献   

6.
贵州道真县洛党参主要病害发生动态及防控对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2016—2017年,在贵州道真县洛龙镇、阳溪镇和三桥镇,对洛党参白粉病、锈病和根腐病的田间发生动态进行调查。结果表明,洛党参锈病发生最早,于3月上旬至4月上旬始见,总体发生程度较重,病叶率在党参生长期内逐渐增长,于8月中、下旬达到最高,2016、2017年病叶率峰值分别为94.0%和97.2%。白粉病于4月下旬至5月中旬始见,病叶率增长相对缓慢,2016、2017年病叶率峰值分别为26.0%和36.4%。根腐病于4月中、下旬发生,平均病株率相对较低,在8月病株率最高,2016、2017年病株率峰值分别9.0%和10.0%。建议在生产中采取预防为主的策略,结合田间管理措施开展综合防控。  相似文献   

7.
 油橄榄孔雀斑病危害叶片,也侵害枝条和果实,为一种严重的叶部病害。经考察,全国植株感病率为73.34%,卡林品种居于首位,病株率高达98.58%,病叶率61.11%,病情指数39.08,引起植株大量落叶、枝枯、树体衰败。  相似文献   

8.
辽宁省北苍术病害调查及种类鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
北苍术(Atractylodes chinensis)为我国传统药用植物,具有较高的经济价值和药用价值,近年来在辽宁省东部山区大面积人工种植。为明确辽宁省北苍术主要病害种类及发生危害情况,降低人工驯化栽培可能面临的病害风险,本研究于2011-2015年对辽宁省抚顺、清原和新宾等7个主要北苍术种植区进行了系统调查。结果表明,危害辽宁北苍术生产的主要病害有3种,为苍术叶斑病、苍术炭疽病和苍术菌核病。苍术菌核病多发生于早春,病株率相对较低,约为4.8%~9.9%,但病株死亡率高,达90%以上。苍术叶斑病和炭疽病为辽宁省新发生病害,其中苍术叶斑病分布十分广泛且危害严重,各调查种植区均有分布,以清原地区发病较为严重,病株率约为15.1%~100.0%,病叶率为35.2%~91.8%。苍术炭疽病仅在抚顺、本溪和沈阳发生,抚顺地区发病相对较重,病株率约为25.0%~40.4%,病叶率约为14.9%~54.1%。  相似文献   

9.
11999年小麦条锈病流行特点  1)见病早,侵染时间长。秋苗上病害始见期早于常年,一般提早10d到3个月。  2)扩散蔓延速度快。1月4日统计全省发病面积为3.0万hm2,到1月底即发展到6.7万hm2。3月3日达16.7万hm2,3月底增至38万hm2,4月23日为58.5万hm2。其扩散蔓延速度之快实属历史罕见。  3)病害垂直扩散迅速,病情严重。乐至县3月初调查,病田率为64.3%,病株率平均11.9%,病叶率平均3.85%,分别较1周前上升2.0倍、20.0倍、24.7倍。3月23日调查,病株率又上升1.6倍,病叶率上升3.6倍,平均严重程度达21.8%。  4)流行区域大,所…  相似文献   

10.
采用茶园调查和室内接种相结合的方法,研究了茶云纹叶枯病病菌(Colletotrichum camelliae)侵入与不同叶位的关系。结果表明:自然状态下,病害症状主要出现在成、老叶上。2006年嫩叶组、成叶组和老叶组3处理的病叶率分别为0.89%、18.89%、10.67%,2007年分别为2.00%、19.56%、13.78%,其中嫩叶、成叶上的病害都是当年病菌侵染所致。茶枝离体接种时,症状出现在嫩叶和成叶上,而且以前者为多, 2006年3处理的病叶率分别为15.28%、9.73%和0%,2007年分别为12.50%、8.73%和2.78%。结果显示:分生孢子的侵染叶位以嫩叶为主,在各类叶片上均有较高的萌发率,但只有部分能够形成附着胞,在嫩叶和成叶上形成率较高,老叶上几乎不能形成。不同叶位的解剖结构如角质层厚薄、栅栏组织层次多少、海绵组织细胞排列松紧等都与病菌侵染有一定的相关性。  相似文献   

11.
The possible involvement of salicylic acid in systemic acquired resistance ofCucumis sativus againstSphaerotheca fuliginea was studied. Cucumber plants were inoculated with tobacco necrosis virus on the cotyledons and the level of endogenous salicylic acid in the first true leaf was determined by gas chromatography. Salicylic acid increased continously from the second day after virus inoculation to the fifth day, when the same leaf was inoculated withSphaerotheca fuliginea. In healthy plants, the efficiency of exogenous salicylic acid in inducing resistance was assayed by applying aqueous solutions at different times beforeSphaerotheca fuliginea inoculation. To evaluate the level of induced resistance, the following parameters were examined by light microscopy: percentage of conidial germination, length of the hyphae derived from single conidia, number of haustoria, percentage of epidermal cells with lignified walls and of necrotic cells underlying fungal hyphae. In treated plants conidial germination was reduced, the total length of the hyphae was shorter, the number of haustoria was lower and the haustorium-containing epidermal cells had more frequently lignified walls. Moreover, an evident increase in callose deposition was observed leading to the formation of oversized papillae around the penetration pegs. These results indicate that the application of salicylic acid before inoculation withSphaerotheca fuliginea reduces the intensity of the infectious process and that salicylic acid is involved in the expression of systemic resistance in cucumber challenged by the biotrophic pathogenSphaerotheca fuliginea.  相似文献   

12.
沤肥浸渍液对黄瓜霜霉病的抑制作用及其机理   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
本文报道在温室条件下堆沤半年以上的各种家畜粪肥浸渍液对黄瓜霜霉病的防治效果及其机理初步研究,经3次重复试验得出:马粪沤肥浸渍液对黄瓜霜霉病的平均抑制率为67.33%,牛粪沤肥浸渍液对黄瓜霜霉病的平均抑制率为66.10%,羊粪、猪粪沤肥浸渍液也分别对黄瓜霜霉病有一定的抑制作用,但低于马粪、牛粪。马粪、羊粪沤肥浸渍液经100℃高温2h灭活后对黄瓜霜霉病仍有抑制作用,且抑制效果高于相应非灭活的沤肥浸渍液。经沤肥浸渍液处理的植株,叶绿素含量和过氧化氢酶活性均比对照明显增高,致使黄瓜抗病性增强。  相似文献   

13.
黄瓜棒孢叶斑病拮抗细菌的筛选、鉴定及防治效果   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为开发防治黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的生防资源,从辽宁省、山东省、河北省该病害发生严重的田块根际土壤中分离和筛选生防菌株,测定所得菌株对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌Corynespora cassiicola的抑制活性,通过离体叶片试验、盆栽试验和田间试验,测定其防效,并利用形态学和分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定。结果显示,从30份根际土壤样品中共分离出细菌263株,对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌平板抑制率大于60.04%的菌株有10株,其中菌株ZF57的效果最好,抑制率为64.85%;菌株ZF57对其它7种植物病菌也有较好的抑制效果;菌株ZF57对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的离体叶片防治效果、盆栽防治效果和田间防治效果分别达到66.67%、58.73%和62.13%,与对照药剂氟吡菌酰胺的防治效果相当;经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,菌株ZF57为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。  相似文献   

14.
Viral diseased Passiflora edulis samples showing mosaic, shrinking, chlorosis, and malformation were collected from Yuxi, Wenshan, Dehong, and Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province. Forty diseased samples were detected by RT-PCR/PCR using degenerate primers of members in genera of Umbravirus, Tobamovirus, Luteovirus, Orthotospovirus, Begomovirus, Badnavirus, Potyvirus and specific primers of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Results showed that CMV, telosma mosaic virus (TeMV) and papaya leaf curl Guangdong virus (PaLCuGdV) were detected in the diseased P. edulis samples. CMV showed the highest detection rate of 27.5 %, while TeMV and PaLCuGdV had the rates of 20.0% and 7.5% respectively among the P. edulis samples. Mixed infections of PaLCuGdV+CMV, PaLCuGdV+TeMV and CMV+TeMV were also found in these samples. The 657 nucleotide (nt) CMV full-length coat protein (CP) gene was cloned and sequenced from two diseased samples in Yuxi (YYXi-JDG, Acc. No. MW495062) and Xishuangbanna (YXSBN-JDG, Acc. No. MW495063), respectively. These two CMV isolates shared 97.3% identity of nt sequence with each other, while had 76.9%-97.7% and 77.0%-98.2% nt identity with other CMV isolates, respectively. Phylogenetic tree showed that the two CMV isolates from P. edulis belonged to CMV subgroup Ⅰ, and no obvious geographic differentiation and host specificity relationship was found among the selected 33 CMV isolates worldwide.  相似文献   

15.
20%唑菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的作用方式   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用盆栽植株喷雾-叶碟法、叶碟喷雾法分别测定20%唑菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的保护、治疗作用,采用离体叶片法、叶碟法测定其对黄瓜霜霉病的铲除作用。结果表明:在200 μg/mL浓度下,20%唑菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的保护、治疗效果分别为77.99%、70.08%;20%唑菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病菌病斑扩展、产孢及再侵染的抑制率分别为74.37%、84.56%和72.22%,与黄瓜霜霉病菌孢子囊悬浮液混合接种能显著降低孢子囊的致病性。室内试验结果表明,20%唑菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病具有良好的保护、治疗作用,且效果均优于对照药剂25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂,20%唑菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的铲除作用与25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂效果相当。  相似文献   

16.
Oriental melon plants, Cucumis melo var. makuwa cv. Silver Light, showing virus-induced symptoms of mosaic, leaf curl and puckering were observed in the fields of eastern Taiwan in 2007. A virus culture, designated as SL-1, isolated from the diseased melon was established in systemic host plants, Nicotiana benthamiana and oriental melon, by mechanical inoculation. SL-1 did not react to the antisera against common cucurbit-infecting RNA viruses. Viral DNAs extracted from the diseased plant were amplified with the degenerate primers for begomoviruses. The full-length genomic DNA-A and DNA-B of SL-1 were sequenced and found to be closest, with 97.7% and 90.6% nucleotide identity, respectively, to Tomato leaf curl New Delhi begomovirus (ToLCNDV) cucumber isolate from a group of cucurbit-infecting begomoviruses. The virus SL-1 was designated as ToLCNDV oriental melon isolate (ToLCNDV-OM). The pathogenicity of ToLCNDV-OM was confirmed by agroinfection. Progeny virus from the agroinfected N. benthamiana plants was able to infect oriental melon by mechanical inoculation and caused symptoms similar to the original diseased melon in the field. The ToLCNDV-OM also infected five other species of cucurbitaceous plants by mechanical inoculation. This is the first report of a new ToLCNDV isolate causing severe disease on oriental melon in Taiwan.  相似文献   

17.
 通过试验证明,对氨基苯磺酸对小麦锈病的抑菌药量很低,对叶锈的完全抑菌药量为每克鲜叶390.6微克,对秆锈的完全抑菌药量为469.6微克。且施药的时间距锈菌侵入植株体内的时间越长,所需的抑菌药量越高。同时表明,对氨基苯磺酸在植株体内运转的速度很快,30小时后即可从第一叶运转至第二叶。对氨基苯磺酸在叶内存在较长时间后,仍能保有抑菌药量。此外,对氮基苯甲酸、腺嘌呤、胸腺核酸、酵母核酸及次黄嘌呤具有很强的对消对氨基苯磺酸抑制小麦锈病的作用。在叶锈的试验中,其对消作用分别为97.7%、91.7%,87.6%、85.7%和75.6%。核酸及其降解物的对消作用,是由于对氨基苯磺酸与核酸代谢的辅酶(叶酸)竞争抑制的结果。  相似文献   

18.
 在完整植株上,利用喷叶法测定中草药抽提物,以及少量微生物代谢产物,对黄瓜花叶病毒引起的辣椒花叶病的治疗效果。以处理组病指与对照组病指减少百分率表示疗效,用ELISA检测植株体内病毒浓度。根据提纯病毒浓度(X)和吸光值(Y)之间的回归关系,得标准方程:Y=0.437lgx-0.28,相关系数r=0.97。从112个材料中发现,连翘(Forsythia suspensaVahl)大黄(Rheum officinalle Bail)和板兰根(Isatis tinctoria L.)具有比较稳定的疗效。在接种前72小时和接种后24小时喷施抽提物,三者疗效均在90%以上。接种24小时后喷施大黄板兰根疗效均在70%以上。在大黄板兰根治愈的植株内检测不出病毒,在显症植株内,病毒浓度分别下降60%和70%。大黄在接种72小时后喷施.或稀释100倍时仍具显著疗效,并引起植株体内过氧化物酶谱显著变化。大黄对植株生长具一定的促进作用,而板兰根引起植株黄化,侧芽提早萌发。  相似文献   

19.
The development of plant diseases is associated with biophysical and biochemical changes in host plants. Various sensor methods have been used and assessed as alternative diagnostic tools under greenhouse conditions. Changes in photosynthetic activity, spectral reflectance and transpiration rate of diseased leaves, inoculated with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), and the powdery mildew fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea were assessed by the use of non‐invasive sensors during disease development. Spatiotemporal changes in leaf temperature related to transpiration were visualized by digital infrared thermography. The maximum temperature difference within a leaf was an appropriate parameter to differentiate between healthy and diseased plants. The photosynthetic activity of healthy and diseased cucumber plants varied as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence and compared to the actual chlorophyll content. Hyperspectral imaging data were analysed using spectral vegetation indices. The results from this study confirm that each pathogen has a characteristic influence on the physiology and vitality of cucumber plants, which can be measured by a combination of non‐invasive sensors. Whereas thermography and chlorophyll fluorescence are unspecific indicators for plant diseases, hyperspectral imaging offers the potential for an identification of plant diseases. In a sensor data fusion approach, an early detection of each pathogen was possible by discriminant analysis. Although it still needs to be validated under real conditions, the combination of information from different sensors seems to be a promising tool.  相似文献   

20.
应用单克隆抗体检测香蕉束顶病   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
应用香蕉束顶病毒(BBTV)的单克隆抗体(McAb)建立了检测香蕉束顶病的间接ELISA方法,其检测香蕉病组织汁液的最大稀释度为1:1280,健康香蕉组织汁液无非特异性反应。用间接ELISA方法检测了采自广东、广西9个市(县)的香蕉产区的80个大田香蕉束顶病样本和25个荫棚香蕉试管苗样本,其中大田样本BBTV的带毒率为76.5%,试管苗样本的带毒率为8.0%。香蕉束顶病株不同部位BBTV含量检测表  相似文献   

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