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1.
杨树苗根系特性及根际土壤微生物多样性对施用味精废浆的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]探讨味精废浆有机肥对杨树根系特性及根际土壤微生物多样性的作用效果,为杨树苗的培育和造林以及味精废浆有机肥的推广应用提供理论依据和技术指导。[方法]以一年生欧美I-107杨树苗为试材,通过盆栽模拟方式,研究CK(不施肥)、CF(单施化肥)、CM(味精废浆)和CM+CF(味精废浆和化肥各提供50%的氮)等处理对杨树苗根系构建水平、根系吸收面积、根际土壤微生物多样性指数及地径、苗高生长的影响。[结果]施用味精废浆显著促进了杨树苗根系的生长,尤其增加了毛细根的数量及在根体系中的比例。同CF相比,CM+CF处理显著增加了根系的总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积,增幅分别为76.39%和121.48%;同时,CM+CF处理的微生物多样性指数达最高值,并显著高于其它处理。此外,该处理还明显促进了杨树苗地径、苗高的生长,其中地径分别较CK,CF和CM处理显著提高45.30%,22.62%和10.78%,苗高分别显著提高42.21%,20.65%和11.46%。[结论]味精废浆有机肥与化肥配施有助于改善杨树苗根系特性,并提高根际土壤微生物多样性指数,进而促进杨树苗生长。 相似文献
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根际通气对盆栽玉米生长与根系活力的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
针对盆栽作物生长空间有限且通气不良的生长环境问题,为改善根际气体环境,试验设每隔2d通气1次(T1)、每隔4d通气1次(T2)两个通气处理,以不通气(CK)为对照,研究根际通气对盆栽玉米生长及根系活力的影响。结果表明,T1和T2处理均能提高玉米株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量,促进地上部分和地下部分干物质的积累。T1、T2处理有利于提高玉米根冠比和根系活力,拔节期T1和T2处理的根冠比分别是CK的1.27倍、1.18倍,根系活力分别为CK的1.26倍和1.54倍;抽穗期根冠比分别为CK的1.18倍、1.09倍,根系活力分别为CK的1.22倍和1.40倍。同时,通气处理能够促进作物吸收土壤内的养分。研究结果表明,根际通气能够增强盆栽玉米的根系活力,促进植株的生长发育。 相似文献
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为探究微生物菌肥对大豆（Glycine max）和花生（Arachis hypogaea）生长、产量及品质的影响,以大豆品种菏豆13和花生品种开农1760为材料,分别在盆栽和大田中开展微生物菌肥拌种与不拌种处理（CK）,测定植株农艺性状、根系性状、叶片光合参数、土壤酶活性、产量构成和籽粒品质的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,菌肥拌种后盆栽菏豆13的株高、茎粗、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）值、干物质积累量在开花期、结荚期显著或极显著增加,盆栽开农1760的株高、茎粗、SPAD值、干物质积累量在开花下针期、饱果期显著或极显著增加;大田内大豆、花生植株在农艺性状上的增长趋势与盆栽表现一致;对于总根长、根系总表面积、根直径、根系总体积,菏豆13较CK在开花期增幅最大,分别为27.09%、32.53%、10.84%、38.07%,开农1760的各根系性状较CK在开花下针期增幅最大,分别为63.94%、50.95%、27.14%、37.94%;菌肥拌种显著增强了植株根际土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶的活性,菏豆13较CK分别增加10.26%、45.09%、25.64%,开农1760较CK分别增加29.03%... 相似文献
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施氮肥与隔根对间作大豆农艺性状和根际微生物数量及酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用盆栽试验及种间根系分隔技术研究了施氮肥和不施氮肥两种条件下根系互作在大豆玉米间作中所发挥的优势作用。结果表明,无论在施氮肥和不施氮肥条件下相对于尼龙网分隔和完全分隔根系,未分隔处理的大豆玉米间作能增加大豆各个生育时期的叶绿素含量。施氮肥在改善大豆株高、主茎节数、有效分枝数、单株荚数和百粒重农艺性状方面的效果要大于间作,间作中根系互作只在改善大豆单株荚数和百粒重方面起到显著(p<0.05)作用。通过地下部隔根处理同样证明了大豆玉米间作由于根系的互作能提高大豆的经济产量和生物产量,但效果没有施氮肥明显。施氮肥和间作作物根系的互作不仅可以增加土壤中的细菌、真菌、放线菌和固氮菌的数量,而且可以提高脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶和蛋白酶的活性。经相关分析得出,该试验中细菌、真菌、放线菌和固氮菌数量和脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶和蛋白酶活性与大豆的叶绿素含量及大豆单株的经济产量和生物产量之间皆存在正相关关系,且多数之间存在显著(p<0.05)或极显著(p<0.01)正相关。本研究认为间作系统中根系的互作在改善土壤微生态环境,增加土壤微生物数量和酶活性,提高作物经济产量和生物产量方面发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
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三种菌肥对苹果连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
6.
探寻适合与化肥配施的生物菌肥用量,以期为土沉香苗木施肥提供指导。通过2年生土沉香盆栽试验,以不同水平处理的生物菌肥与化肥配施,研究生物菌肥与化肥配施对土沉香生长、叶片生理和土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,(1)施用单一生物菌肥及其与N、P、K或复合肥配施对土沉香植株生长量均优于对照处理,M_5(10 g生物菌肥+20 g复合肥)处理幼苗生长效果最好,与其他处理差异显著(P0.05)。(2)不同水平处理组的土沉香叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均高于CK,M_3处理叶绿素和可溶性糖的含量最大,M_5处理可溶性蛋白质含量最大。(3)生物菌肥与化肥配施皆可有效地提高土壤肥力,M_2处理的土壤碱解N含量增幅最大,M_5处理的有机质、有效P和速效K含量增幅最为显著。10 g生物菌肥与20 g复合肥配施,促进土沉香生长的效果最好,增强土壤肥力的效果更佳,可作为此生物菌肥与复合肥配施的推荐用量。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地灌区枸杞根系水分吸收来源研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探讨柴达木盆地灌区作物水分利用特征,可为灌溉系统设计和水资源高效利用提供理论依据。以柴达木盆地怀头他拉灌区主要作物枸杞为对象,将枸杞潜在水源划分为浅层(0～20cm)、中层(20～60cm)和深层(60～100cm)土壤水,利用稳定氧同位素示踪技术以及MixSIAR模型定量研究不同田间管理模式下[平作裸地(CK)、平作覆膜(MF)和垄作覆膜(MR)]枸杞根系水分吸收特征。结果表明:萌芽展叶期浅层土壤水分环境相对较好,CK和MF处理枸杞主要吸收浅层土壤水分,利用比例分别为45.9%和37.7%,MR处理对浅层、中层和深层土壤水源的利用比例相当;开花坐果期各层土壤水分都有所提高,相比于CK, MF处理浅层土壤水分利用比例增加13.5%, MR处理浅层土壤水分利用比例减少11.1%;果熟期枸杞蒸腾耗水量增加,相比于CK, MF和MR处理对浅层土壤水分的利用比例分别增加11.7%和24.0%;落叶期浅层土壤含水量较低, 3个处理都主要吸收深层土壤水分。浅层土壤水源的利用比例与该层土壤水分呈正相关,枸杞对浅层土壤水分变化较敏感。3种管理模式下枸杞根系水分吸收来源差异明显。覆膜和垄作措施均提高了土壤含水量。相比于CK,MF和MR处理枸杞都增加了对浅层水源的利用。MR处理下土壤水分状况较好且枸杞根系水分吸收利用模式更加灵活,对柴达木盆地灌区是一种较优的田间水分管理模式。 相似文献
8.
为探索减氮条件下生物炭对植烟土壤的烤烟根系生长及土壤微生物种群数量的影响,采用大田试验方式,研究减氮40%条件下添加不同用量的生物炭对旺长期烤烟根系形态指标、根系活力以及土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明,减氮条件下施用生物炭料可有效增加烟株根系各形态指标,同时增强根系活力,并且对增加土壤酶菌和细菌数量有显著促进作用。相对于对照组,T2(1200 kg/hm~2)根系长度增加31.12%、根尖数增加31.66%、根系表面积增加55.98%、根系体积增加35.14%;根系活力增强78.57%;土壤中的真菌和细菌数量分别高于对照组34.29%和34.17%。试验表明减氮40%条件下生物炭料能够促进烟株根系各形态指标发育,提高根系活力,增加土壤微生物数量,有利于绿色烟叶的可持续发展。 相似文献
9.
针对大部分油茶林产投比不高的问题,利用从油茶根际土壤中分离纯化出的高效固氮、解磷、解钾菌(YC-NK03、YC-NK04、YC-NK05、YC-NK07、YC-P05、YC-P06)制成菌糠菌肥与化学肥料混合施用,探究生物复合肥对油茶和土壤微生态的影响以及菌肥、化肥最佳配比。盆栽结果显示,T3组(60%菌糠菌肥+40%化学肥料)对油茶的促生效果和微生态变化显著。与施用前相比,T3组的苗高、地径增加了108.64%、45.62%,土壤微生物总量、土壤有机质、水解N、有效P、速效K含量分别增加了70.41%、83.26%、101.55%、118.44%、18.63%。林间试验结果表明,肥料种类与用量对土壤pH无显著影响;虽然各试验组的树高和地径均有不同程度的增加,但效果最佳的是HJC组(化肥、菌肥用量配比2∶3)。本研究为改良土壤微生态环境和土壤肥力,提高油茶产量提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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为减少肥料用量,同时筛选适合于西北旱作区马铃薯生产绿色增效肥料,本试验以马铃薯品种‘陇薯6号’为材料,采用随机区组设计,进行常规复合肥1200kg·hm^-2(T1)、T1+420kg·hm^-2黄腐酸菌肥(T2)、70%T1+420kg·hm^-2黄腐酸菌肥(T3)、70%T1+300kg·hm^-2黄腐酸菌肥(T4)和不施肥5种施肥处理,探讨了黄腐酸菌肥对马铃薯根系形态、干物质、土壤酶活性及产量的影响。试验结果表明,常规肥料与黄腐酸菌肥的合理配施能够增强马铃薯的植株长势,改善土壤酶活性,减轻连作带来的病菌侵害程度。T3处理下马铃薯根系各指标表现最好,维持根系活力,且与对照CK差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。T3、T2与T1、T4及CK处理在70d后马铃薯植株增长幅度较大,其中,在110d,T3处理下地下部干物质比T1处理增长了77.2%~96.7%,比CK处理增长220%~273%。不同处理的马铃薯产量为T3>T2>T4>T1>CK。在T3处理下,土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性和脱氢酶活性均保持较高的稳定性。T1与T4处理下的各项指标值均高于对照处理CK,且差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。综合各指标表现情况,本研究推荐复合肥与黄腐酸微生物菌剂配施作为底肥的最佳用量为撒可富复合肥840kg·hm^-2+黄腐酸菌肥(有机质≥45%)420kg·hm^-2。 相似文献
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John Okoth Omondi Naftali Lazarovitch Shimon Rachmilevitch 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(17):2070-2079
AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of phosphorus applied through fertigation on growth and root yield of cassava. This was achieved through a greenhouse pot-experiment consisting of 1, 4, 7, 10, 20 and 30?mg?P?L?1. Increasing P from 1 to 30?mg?P?L?1 realized a 57.1 and 150.0% increase in leaf blade P in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Similarly, chlorophyll content and shoot growth increased as P concentration in solution increased. However, leaf stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis reached a maximum in 7 and 20?mg?P?L?1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. This trend of stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis was consistent with that of dry root yield and storage roots numbers. Regressing dry root yield against storage root numbers showed that R2 = 0.80. Phosphorus encourages formation of storage roots and the duration of cassava’s growth affects the amount of P required for maximum root yield. 相似文献
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O. Traoré V. Groleau-Renaud S. Plantureux A. Tubeileh & V. Boeuf-Tremblay 《European Journal of Soil Science》2000,51(4):575-581
Plant roots release in the rhizosphere diverse organic materials which may have different effects on soil structure. We have evaluated the effect of natural and modelled root‐released materials on soil aggregates and the biodegradation of carbon from roots in the soil. The effects of root mucilage from maize and of a modelled soluble exudate were compared with those of simple compounds (glucose, polygalacturonic acid). For all treatments, soil was amended with 2 g C kg?1 soil and incubated for 30 days at 25°C. The biodegradation of mucilage was similar to that of polygalacturonic acid, and slower than the decomposition of modelled exudates and glucose. Addition of all substrates increased the stability of aggregates, but the duration of this effect depended on the chemical nature of the material. Compared with the control, the proportion of stable aggregates after 30 days of incubation was multiplied by 3.8 for root mucilage, by 4.2 for modelled soluble exudates, by 2.5 for polygalacturonic acid and by 2.0 for glucose. The different fractions of root exudates in the rhizosphere evidently affected the aggregate stability. 相似文献
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Aerated solution culture is frequently used for studying plant growth. Few comparisons have been made of root growth in solution with that found in soil. The objective of this study was to compare root growth and root hair development in these two mediums. Corn (Zea mays L.) grown in aerated solution at two temperatures (18 and 25°C) and three P concentrations (2, 10, and 500 μmol L‐1) was compared with that in three soils, Raub (Aquic Argiudoll) and two Chalmers (Typic Haplaquoll) silt loams, in a controlled climate chamber over 21d. Corn plant weight and root growth were similar in solution culture and Raub soil when grown at an air and soil temperature of 18°C. At 25°C both yield and root growth were greater in Raub soil, even though P uptake by corn was 7‐fold greater in solution culture. The same difference was found when corn grown at 25°C in solution culture at 3 different P concentrations was compared with that grown in Chalmers soil at two P levels. Percentage of total root length with root hairs, root length and density and consequently root surface area, were all greater in the Chalmers soil than in solution culture. An increase in soil P, resulted in a decrease in root hair growth. No such relationship was found in solution culture. Although the recovery and measurement of plant roots and root hairs is more convenient in solution culture, results from this study indicate that the usefulness of solution culture for determining those factors which control root growth and root hair development in soil is limited. 相似文献
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Juan M. Herrera Christos Noulas Boy Feil Peter Stamp Markus Liedgens 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2013,176(4):561-571
The nitrogen (N) fertilization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important for stable and high grain yield. However, the effect of N on root growth and survivorship is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effect of varying N availability on the growth and survivorship of roots and (2) to determine whether genotypic variation in N‐related traits are linked to root growth and survivorship. In a two‐year study, two spring wheat cultivars (Albis and Toronit) and an experimental line (L94491) were grown under low (20 kg N ha–1) and high N supply (270 kg N ha–1) in lysimeters equipped with minirhizotrons. The genotypes showed significant differences in N‐related traits: total shoot N content, grain N yield, N harvest index, and rate of decline in flag‐leaf greenness. However, there were relatively weak and inconsistent genotypic effects on the time course of root density, root growth during grain filling, and root survivorship. The level of N supply was the factor that most influenced the establishment, growth, and survivorship of roots; the high N supply, depending on the year and genotype, increased growth and survivorship of roots from 0% to 68% and 24% to 34%, respectively. 相似文献
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Bengt Torssell Henrik Eckersten Theo Verwijst 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2016,66(6):476-482
Below-ground (bg) shoot emergence rates of Sonchus arvensis are dependent on temperature and root weight. However, it is unknown to what extent this is due to a root depletion rate that depends on initial root weight, or due to differences in resource allocation to fine root and bg shoot growth. To resolve this, we retrieved data from an experiment in which plants were grown in the dark at constant temperature (4°C, 8°C, and 18°C) and harvested prior to or at shoot emergence. A dynamic mass-balance model, in which biomass of the initial root was allocated to bg shoot and fine root daily growth, and where respiration took place from all tissues, was used. The relative depletion rate of root biomass (RDR; d?1) and fraction of the depleted biomass allocated to bg shoots (SFRR) were estimated and calibrated to observed biomass. The RDR increased with initial root weight and temperature and SFFR was highest for light roots and lowest for heaviest roots, whereas the rest was allocated to fine root biomass. The length-to-biomass ratio of bg shoots decreased with initial root weight. Under between-year weather variations (2004–2010), the reduction in root biomass during the coldest April–May was simulated to be over 12 days delayed compared with the warmest spring. The influence of biomass allocation on bg shoot elongation of heavier roots was thus stimulated by a larger fraction of root biomass being depleted, but counteracted by a smaller fraction of it allocated into bg shoot elongation, compared with lighter roots. The complexity of shoot emergence based on root depletion estimates may be a reason why predictions based on only an accumulated root weight-specific temperature sum, as proposed by a previous study, are expected to be less uncertain than those based on root depletion estimates. 相似文献
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Roots are the main plant organs that supply nutrients, water, hormones and physical support for the plant. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most limiting and important elements in root growth and crop production. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of different sources of phosphorus treatments on root growth (root length, diameter and dry matter) of barley. The two glasshouse pot experiments results showed that under P deficiency, the weight of dry root significantly decreased and the total root length of whole plant significantly increased with decrease of root diameter. Our results suggested that soil fertility and root structure are widely recognized as important role of the soil community and plant growth, the root structure and root extension can directly and indirectly affected by soil fertility and specially P nutrient of the soil. Accordingly, root characteristics can determine the circumstance of plant growth and crop production. 相似文献
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镉诱导拟南芥根尖过氧化氢积累导致植物根生长抑制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以模式植物拟南芥为材料研究了植物主根对不同浓度镉胁迫的响应。结果表明,随镉浓度的升高,植物主根生长受到明显抑制,胎盘兰染色表明高剂量的镉造成主根根尖细胞死亡。进一步二氨基联苯胺(DAB)染色发现镉胁迫诱导植物根尖大量积累过氧化氢,而在胁迫培养基中加入维生素C可显著改善植物根的生长、降低过氧化氢积累,并减少镉诱导的根尖细胞死亡。上述结果表明,镉胁迫诱导的拟南芥主根生长抑制很可能是由于根尖细胞过氧化物积累所致。 相似文献