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1.
51个低产香蕉园土样测试结果表明,漳州低产香蕉园土壤酸性较强,有机质、全N、碱解N、缓效K、速效K含量偏低,有效P、Zn、S含量较丰富,有效Ca、Mg、B含量较缺。51个叶片样品养分含量N、P、K元素平均值大部分都在适宜范围,Zn含量丰富,Ca、Mg、S、B含量多属低量水平。2年田间定位试验表明,N、K效应差异显著,提高N、K施用量对低产香蕉园香蕉产量影响明显,调节土壤酸度,补充Ca、Mg营养也是重要的增产措施。 相似文献
2.
李营养累积、分布及叶片养分动态研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
基于保障生态和果品安全以及合理实施果园养分管理的前提,对大石早生李树体各部位营养元素积累、分布以及各营养元素的周年变化规律进行了分析.结果表明:①营养元素在各个器官的相对含量,除K、Zn在果实中含量最高外,N、P、Ca、Mg均以叶片中含量为最高,以叶片做营养诊断是适宜的.②大石早生李树体营养元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn的元素比值为10.00:1.26:6.42:12.57:2.46:1.87:0.14.⑧100 kg鲜果的养分吸收量分别为:N 772.47g,P74.25 g,K 730.33g,Ca874.16 g,Mg 169.82 g,Fe 66.05 g,Zn 7.53 g,N:P:K的比例为1.00:0.10:0.95.④N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu的含量随物侯期呈规律性变化.生长季初期,N、P、K、Zn、Cu的含量迅速下降,Fe、Mn、Ca、Mg呈逐渐上升的趋势;中期这9种元素总体变化幅度较小;后期Fe,Cu.N、P、K的含量呈下降趋势,Mn、Zn、Ca,Mg依然上升.本结果既丰富了国内李营养理论,同时又为制定合理的施肥措施及建立绿色优质果品科技示范基地提供了理论依据. 相似文献
3.
渭北旱塬红富士苹果不同时期叶片营养诊断 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为推动渭北旱塬苹果合理施肥,通过测定红富士苹果不同时期叶片养分含量,并运用Beaufils、Jones和Elwali&Gascho提出的3种DRIS指数计算法对红富士苹果营养状况进行诊断。结果表明,从6月到8月红富士苹果叶片各养分元素含量变化存在差异,高产果树(单株产量>25 kg)叶片N含量呈先降低后升高趋势,P含量逐渐降低;低产果树(单株产量≤25 kg)叶片N含量一直降低,P含量变化则与高产叶片N相同。其他元素在两种果树中的变化趋势一致,K和Zn含量降低,Ca和Mg含量升高,Cu、Fe和Mn呈先升高后降低趋势。不同时期根据DRIS标准程序确定的重要诊断参数不同;与Elwali&Gascho提出的DRIS诊断指数计算法相比,采用Beaufils和Jones的方法得出的各元素诊断指数不但与其含量相关性高,且需肥顺序差异不大,Beau-fils方法得出高产果树6月到8月最缺乏的元素为K、Fe、Ca+Mg,Jones方法为K、Ca、Ca+Mg,低产果树均为K、Fe、N。综上,本研究建议针对不同时期进行红富士苹果叶片营养状况评价。 相似文献
4.
通过对 “红美人”优势产区浙江象山柑橘园进行土壤和叶片矿质元素含量的测定及营养状况诊断,为“红美人”柑橘高产优质施肥提供科学依据。以“红美人”优势产区31个代表性柑橘园为研究对象,根据土壤有效养分分级标准及叶片诊断综合施肥法(DRIS)、修正诊断综合施肥法(M-DRIS)和标准适宜含量偏差百分数法(DOP),对柑橘园土壤和叶片营养状况进行诊断。结果表明:(1)研究的31个果园中90.30%的柑橘园土壤pH处于适宜水平,土壤碱解N、有效B处于缺乏和低量水平的柑橘园分别占35.70%、32.26%,其它指标处于适宜兼丰富水平;(2)除土壤交换性Ca外,高产园和低产园养分指标差异不显著,而且土壤单一养分指标与产量基本无相关性;(3)土壤交换性Ca、交换性Mg、有效Mn和有效B的含量与叶片中相应元素存在显著或极显著正相关;(4)高产园和低产园除叶片Mn元素外,其它矿质养分含量差异不显著,叶片单一矿质养分与产量基本无相关性;(5)根据DRIS、M-DRIS和DOP法对31个“红美人”柑橘园进行叶片营养诊断。DRIS、M-DRIS和DOP的平均营养不平衡指数值与产量呈显著负相关。不同方法诊断的产量限制元素排序基本一致,DRIS和M-DRIS法建立的排序均为:Mn>K>Fe;DOP法建立的排序为:Mn>Zn>Fe。常年大量施肥导致土壤养分累积,土壤养分已经不是产量限制因素。而树体内各矿质养分间的比例平衡关系对产量影响更为显著,应采用叶片营养平衡诊断为主、土壤营养诊断为辅的诊断方法,从而制定更准确的施肥方案。 相似文献
5.
《土壤通报》2017,(6):1409-1414
为探究花岗岩发育的江西油茶林红壤(以下简称江西红壤)与紫色岩发育的福建油茶林土壤(以下简称福建紫色土)在养分状况上的差异,以高粱作为指示植物,采用常规分析、吸附试验和盆栽试验法比较分析了两类土壤的养分限制因子。研究结果表明:江西红壤有机质含量高于福建紫色土;两类土壤的元素组成中,均以S元素最为丰富,而P、K、Ca、Mg及硝态氮养分元素含量均较低。除Mn和Zn外,其它养分元素含量均为江西红壤≥福建紫色土;两类土壤对P的吸附固定能力均最强,江西红壤与福建紫色土分别对Mn和B的吸附最弱。盆栽试验结果表明N、P、Ca是江西红壤的主要限制因子,Fe、Cu、K、Mo是潜在的养分限制因子;N、P、Ca、Mg是福建紫色土的主要限制因子,Mg、Zn、Fe、S、K是其潜在的养分限制因子。 相似文献
6.
施用叶面肥对不同基肥处理小白菜效果的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用盆栽试验研究了喷施不同浓度营养叶面肥对不同基肥处理小白菜叶片养分含量、产量和品质的影响。试验设置为4个叶面肥浓度(0.0%、0.1%、0.5%、1.0%)与5个基肥(CK、1/2N、N、1/2NPK、NPK)的交叉处理。结果表明,喷施营养叶面肥后,不同基肥处理小白菜N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量、叶长、单株产量和Vc含量都有增加,硝态N有降低,基肥CK和1/2N处理喷施1.0%浓度叶面肥效果最好,基肥N、1/2NPK和NPK处理喷施0.5%浓度叶面肥效果最好,且喷施叶面肥对不同基肥处理小白菜叶绿素和可溶性糖含量都有增加作用。由于供试土壤养分含量较高,不同基肥处理小白菜都能正常生长,喷施叶面肥对小白菜产量、品质都有明显提高效果。 相似文献
7.
樟树人工林生态系统的水分生态效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对樟树人工林生态系统的大气降水、树干茎流、穿透水、林内地表径流、地下径流中N、P、SiO2、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn共1O种养分元素含量进行了测定。结果表明：不同月份大气降水养分元素含量不同，各元素各月平均含量按大小排序为Ca〉SiO2〉Zn〉NH4-N〉K〉NO3-N〉Fe〉Mg〉Mn〉P〉Cu。大气降水经过林冠层后，树干茎流、林内穿透水中各养分元素含量变化基本一致，均表现季节动态变化．大多数元素含量增加。树干茎流中各元素含量按大小排序为K〉Ca〉NH4-N〉SiO2〉Mg〉NO3-N〉Zn〉Mn〉Fe〉P〉Cu；林内穿透水中各元素含量按大小排序为Ca〉K〉Zn〉SiO2〉NH4-N〉NO3-N〉Mg〉Mn〉Fe〉P〉Cu。树干茎流中SiO2、Fe、Zn，穿透水中Fe为负淋溶．其余各元素浓度有所增加，在这2项中，除NH4-N、K外，树干茎流中NO3-N、P、SiO2、Ca、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn养分元素的富集作用均小于穿透水。 相似文献
8.
山东棕壤茶园幼龄茶树叶片黄化病因诊断与防治研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在山东pH偏高（＞6.5）的棕壤幼龄茶园中,茶树容易发生失绿黄化病症,严重影响了新建茶园的成园速度。为了探明该病害的发生原因,分析了茶园土壤pH、有机质、养分状况和不同病害程度叶片中与叶色有关的6种无机元素含量,并对患病植株进行了叶面喷施N、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn肥的防治效果研究。结果表明,土壤中有效N含量低是导致茶树下部成叶黄化的原因,喷施尿素能使下部成叶快速转绿,但并不能使上部新梢转绿。新梢黄化叶中Mn、Cu元素含量显著低于茶树叶片正常范围的低限值,是导致其叶片黄化的原因;叶面喷施含Mn、Cu元素的肥料能有效防治幼龄茶树新梢的黄化。导致茶树Mn、Cu缺乏的机理还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
9.
湖北省柑橘园土壤养分分级研究 总被引：43，自引：0，他引：43
对湖北省柑橘主产区143个柑橘园0～30cm的土壤样品进行了测试分析。结果表明,全省有89.5%柑橘园土壤pH值适合柑橘生长;有59.4%的柑橘园土壤有机质含量偏低,土壤速效N、P、K缺乏分别为78.3%、44.1%和77.6%;中量元素养分Ca、Mg缺乏分别为39.1%和37.1%;分别有34.3%、20.3%、16.8%、63.6%、35.5%和77.4%的柑橘园缺乏有效Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mo和B。土壤有效Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Mo含量在部分柑橘园存在过量现象,分别占柑橘园的9.8%、4.9%、7.7%、4.9%、3.5%和4.0%。柑橘园土壤pH值、有机质和各种有效养分含量呈现一定的地域性变化,如鄂南柑橘园土壤偏酸,而汉江流域(鄂北)土壤偏碱;鄂南Ca和Mg缺乏程度高,汉江流域含量相对较高,而有效Fe、Mn、Zn含量则相反。调查结果还表明,柑橘园土壤有效Cu和B含量受人为活动的影响非常明显。 相似文献
10.
冀北山地华北落叶松林生态系统水化学特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
降水是森林生态系统的一个主要的养分输入源,观测并分析降水化学对于准确地估算森林生态系统养分循环的养分元素浓度显得极为重要。对冀北山地华北落叶松林穿透雨、树干茎流和枯透水中的Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Zn共6种养分元素进行了测定。结果表明：（1）大气降水经过林冠层后其水化学特征明显发生了变化,化学元素含量均有不同程度增加,含量排序为Ca〉K〉Mg〉Fe〉Mn〉Zn,其中Mn元素的增长倍数最多,但6月份Mn和Zn元素浓度都出现负增长。树干茎流各项指标均增长很多,化学元素含量排序为Ca〉K〉Mg〉Mn〉Fe〉Zn。枯落物水中K和Ca元素浓度增加最大。（2）大气降雨中Zn的变异系数最大,达2.853;K和Ca元素的变异系数最小,为0.158,0.163。落叶松林穿透雨、树干茎流和枯透水中最大变异系数分别为Fe元素3.115,Mg元素为1.288,Fe元素为2.139。（3）经过淋洗后水样中各元素的浓度均有所增加,穿透水、树干茎流和枯透水中K、Ca增加较多,Fe、Zn的淋溶量较少。 相似文献
11.
An experiment was conducted to find out how humic substances affected nutrient uptake of plants. The test plants, oregano, thyme, and basil, were grown in nutrient film technique at two pH levels (4.5 and 6.5), in two substrates (peat and perlite), and at three levels of humic substance that was a peat extract (control, low, and high concentration). Nutrient uptake of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were determined by elemental contents in aerial parts of the plant and its weight. Humic substance had no effect on K, Ca, and Mg uptake but lowered the uptake of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu for the three test plants, more pronounced with perlite than peat and more at low pH than at high pH. The lowering of the uptake might be caused by complexation of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu by the humic substance and the lower availability of these metals in complexed form than as a cation or as EDTA‐chelate in the case of Fe. It is not clear why the effect of the humic substance on micro‐element uptake is larger at low than at high pH. The complexation is expected to be stronger at pH 6.5 than at pH 4.5. At low pH, the high concentration of humic substance caused a low fresh weight of the shoots, perhaps caused by a toxicity of the humic substance at low pH. This was less pronounced at high pH. 相似文献
12.
J. Ollivier A. Flori B. Cochard P. Amblard N. Turnbull I. Syahputra 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(4):558-573
Observations of the vegetative and reproductive biomass produced annually and the mineral element contents have been conducted on diverse oil palm plant materials tested in a genetic test in Indonesia. The results show that the nutrient uptake (for trunk growth, leaf renewal and bunch export) greatly varies (CV = 10% for N uptake and 17% for K uptake) with the origins of the planting materials considered. For equivalent production, the uptake in nutrients of certain plant material may differ very significantly; for the same level of uptake in nutrients, production can vary significantly. This study supports the hypothesis that the optimal nutrient thresholds are intrinsically linked to the plant material. It assumes that some planting materials have different needs and that a fertilizer regime could be adapted to their specific needs without losses in performance. To confirm these assumptions, the need of implementing specific experimental devices with differentiated fertilization regimes is discussed. 相似文献
13.
Christiano da Conceio de Matos Rafael da Silva Teixeira Ivo Ribeiro da Silva Maurício Dutra Costa Antonio Alberto da Silva 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(2):286-295
The elemental ratios of plant tissues are associated with the adaptive and competitive success of a plant species in an ecosystem. So far, no study has evaluated if and how crop–weed competition influences the elemental ratios of competing populations, although such information is important to understand weed infestation dynamics and to improve weed management in agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to analyze weed–crop elemental ratios during interspecific competition between weeds and crops in greenhouse experiments. For this, maize (Zea mays L.) and the weeds Amaranthus viridis L, Bidens pilosa L., and Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donell were grown under seven treatments: maize and weed monocultures, and maize in competition with weeds. Competition between plants practically did not influence growth and nutrient contents of maize but reduced weed growth and nutrient uptake. Maize showed few changes in elemental ratios. In contrast, B. pilosa and I. grandifolia were very sensitive to competition and showed significant increases in C : N, C : P, C : K, N : P, and N : K ratios when grown with maize. A. viridis showed low flexibility of nutrient : nutrient ratios under the same competitive pressure as that faced by B. pilosa and I. grandifolia. The interspecific competition led to increases only in the C : P ratio of A. viridis shoots. Therefore, interspecific competition changes the elemental ratios, mainly of the weeds, and the magnitude of this change is dependent on the plant species involved. Interspecific competition changes plant biomass quality (higher C : nutrient ratios), mainly for B. pilosa and I. grandifolia. 相似文献
14.
不同养分配比对高粱根系生长及养分吸收的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探明高粱养分吸收和根系生长对氮、磷、钾胁迫的响应,通过长期定位试验,在高粱/玉米轮作条件下研究了不同养分配比NPK、PK、NK、NP、CK对高粱根系生长及养分吸收的影响。结果表明:与NPK相比,长期不施氮肥(PK)条件下高粱总根长增加18.29%,总根体积降低26.52%,且根系主要分布在0~10 cm土层,直径小于0.5 mm细根所占比例显著增加。不施磷肥(NK)显著抑制了高粱根系生长,总根长、总根表面积和总根体积分别降低24.03%、27.48%和41.29%。不施钾肥(NP)对细根生长有明显抑制作用。不施氮、磷、钾均降低高粱对相应养分的吸收和累积,不施氮促进了营养器官中氮和钾素向籽粒转运,不施磷或钾肥抑制了氮、磷及钾的转运。高粱对养分的吸收、积累和转运与根系形态有关,不同养分积累与运转与根系形态关系表现不尽相同:氮素、钾素积累和转运与根系形态具有较好的相关性,氮素的积累和转运与植株生物量和产量的相关性大于磷素和钾素。综上,高粱根系形态及养分吸收对氮、磷及钾胁迫响应不同,该研究可为不同养分瘠薄地高粱高效栽培提供理论依据。 相似文献
15.
在河北省不同区域棉区选择代表县市,通过调查分析和氮、磷、钾3414试验的方法,研究冀南棉区、冀中南棉区及滨海盐渍土棉区的土壤氮、磷、钾养分丰缺现状和养分管理技术。结果表明:冀南棉区土壤速效钾含量偏低成为本区域的制约因素,养分调控原则为稳氮、补磷、増钾,N、P2O5、K2O适宜用量分别为135、110、150 kg/hm2,专用肥适宜配方为15-13-17;冀中南棉区土壤速效养分含量较为均衡,养分调控原则为稳氮、稳磷、补钾,N、P2O5、K2O适宜用量分别为140、90、120 kg/hm2,专用肥适宜配方为18-12-15;滨海盐渍土棉区土壤养分含量极度不平衡,土壤有效磷含量极低、速效钾含量很高,养分调控原则为控氮、增磷、控钾,N、P2O5、K2O适宜用量分别为135、130、90 kg/hm2,专用肥适宜配方为17-16-12。 相似文献
16.
Total dry matter (TDM) and nutrient accumulation, nutrient partitioning, and cumulative growing degree days at the time of maximum nutrient accumulation for two‐row spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are not well quantified under high‐yielding irrigated conditions common in the semi‐arid western United States. Thus, five cultivars of barley were grown under irrigated conditions on a loam soil in the 2015 and 2016 growth seasons to determine these factors. Total nutrient accumulation was greatest at either the soft dough or maturity stage where specific nutrients were greater at one stage as compared to the other. Mean N accumulation was greatest at the soft dough stage (256 kg ha?1) where the regression model accounted for 80% of the variation in the data. Additionally, spike N increased from 91 to 105 kg ha?1 from soft dough to maturity. Specific nutrients (e.g., K) had significantly greater plant (i.e., culms plus leaves) accumulation between soft dough and maturity, 253 and 172 kg ha?1, respectively, where the spike at the same growth stages had an accumulation of 37 and 42 kg ha?1, respectively. In contrast, other nutrients (e.g., P) were remobilized to the spike as noted by the increase from 14 kg ha?1 at soft dough to 26 kg ha?1 at maturity. In addition to nutrient partitioning, linear regressions resulted in well‐correlated models between TDM and total nutrient accumulation (R2 = 0.35–0.88) for measured nutrients. Results from the current study provide critical data on nutrient accumulation as well as regression models for two‐row barley under high‐yielding conditions. This information can be used to improve harvest decisions as well as more accurately predict nutrient cycling in barley cropping systems. 相似文献
17.
S.P. Mazumdar D.K. Kundu A.R. Saha B. Majumdar R. Saha A.K. Singh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(11):1595-1607
Impacts of 43-year nutrient management on carbon (C) and nutrient dynamics were studied in a rice-wheat-jute system in tropical India. Carbon dynamics was investigated on the basis of its distribution of labile (microbial biomass C, permanganate oxidizable C and water soluble C) and slow pools (Walkley Black oxidizable organic C), its indices (C pool index, lability index) and C management index (CMI) at different soil depths. Nutrient dynamics was judged by major nutrients availability, and related soil enzymatic activities. We studied seven treatments including unfertilized control, 100% NPK (N:P2O5:K2O 60:30:60), 50% NPK, 150% NPK, 100% NP, 100% N, 100% NPK + farm yard manure (10 tonnes FYM ha?1). Nutrients availability and soil enzymatic activities were significantly increased under balanced fertilization (100% NPK + FYM) over other treatments. Labile, slow and total C was also found highest in 100% NPK + FYM. Enhanced C indices under 100% NPK + FYM over 100% NPK and other treatments signified the importance of long term balanced fertilization on soil C stabilization. Lability indexes were lower at sub-soil (30-45cm). In terms of favourable nutrient dynamics and CMI, balanced application of NPK plus organics were recommend for long term sustainability of rice-wheat-jute system in tropics. 相似文献
18.
为评价养分专家系统(NE系统)在大葱上的推荐施肥效果,在章丘大葱主产区,选取多年大葱种植地进行田间试验,并分析了NE系统与农民习惯施肥(FP)处理、当地农技部门的测土配方推荐施肥(OPTs)处理下大葱产量、经济效益、养分吸收积累、肥料利用率和土壤硝态氮积累的变化。结果表明,NE系统推荐施肥较FP处理氮、磷、钾肥施用量分别降低了13.22%、27.33%和16.51%,较OPTs处理氮、磷肥用量增加而钾肥用量降低;大葱NE系统较FP和OPTs分别增产6.04%和12.30%,增收8.01%和14.74%;NE处理氮素积累量较FP和OPTs处理分别显著增加14.20%和37.78%,磷积累量分别增加21.22%和25.78%,但差异不显著,钾积累量分别显著增加16.78%和22.13%;NE处理氮肥农学效率平均为71.78 kg/kg,氮肥利用率平均为25.10%,氮肥偏生产力较FP提高22.22%;NE处理较FP、OPTs处理可分别显著降低0～90 cm土层硝态氮积累量39.44%和38.72%。大葱NE系统推荐施肥促进了大葱对养分的吸收和利用,具有明显的增产增收效应,肥料利用效率高于全国平均水平,降低了土壤硝态氮积累风险,可作为该地区大葱推荐施肥方法推广应用。 相似文献
19.
缺苞箭竹密度对叶片养分动态和养分利用效率的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The monthly dynamics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and stocks in leaves, resorption efficiency, and resorption proficiency as well as leaf-level use efficiency, nutrient productivity, and mean residence time were studied to understand the effect of stem density of dwarf bamboo (Fargesia denudata Yi) on leaf-level N and P use efficiency in three dwarf bamboo stands with different stem densities under bamboo-fir (Picea purpurea Mast.) forest over one growing period in the Wanglang National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China. Dwarf bamboo density had little effect on the dynamics pattern of both N and P concentrations, stocks, resorption efficiency, and resorption proficiency, but strongly affected their absolute values and leaf-level use efficiency. Higher density stands stored more nutrients but had lower concentrations. There was a clear difference in the resorption of limiting nutrient (N) and non-limiting nutrient (P) among the stands. Phosphorus resorption efficiency, N resorption proficiency, and P resorption proficiency increased with increase of stem density, but no significant variation of N resorption efficiency was found among the stands. Moreover, the higher density stands used both N and P more efficiently with higher N productivity and higher P mean residence time, respectively. Higher P productivity was found in the lower density stands, but there was no clear variation in the N mean residence time among stands. These suggested that the higher density stands may have more efficient strategies for utilizing nutrients, especially those which are limiting. 相似文献
20.
M. Sandoval‐Villa G. Alcantar‐Gonzalez J. L. Tirado‐Torres 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1449-1457
Three experiments were conducted in greenhouse under hydroponic conditions to study the response of wheat to: i) different ammonium/nitrate (NH4/NO3) ratios, ii) the application of NH4 during different phenological states, and iii) the addition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) for maximum replacement of NO3 by NH4. Small amounts of NH4 considerably increased yield and grain quality. The best response was observed with a 2/5 ratio NH4/NO3 (meq/L). The application of small fractions of NH4 during grain fill increased production. Dry matter (DM) production decreased when large quantities of NH4 were applied. However, when CaCO3 was used in amounts similar to those of NH4, it was possible to neutralize the acidifing effect of reduced nitrogen (N) and to recuperate DM and grain production, thus increasing the harvest index. 相似文献