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新郑灰枣富含各种营养成分,特别是多糖具有抗氧化抗癌等许多生物效应。为研究新郑灰枣多糖的提纯工艺,该文在超声波酶法联合提取、乙醇沉淀、超滤膜过滤得到的粗多糖的基础上,筛选出的AB-8大孔树脂纯化多糖,并对树脂的动态吸附解吸特性进行研究。响应曲面法优化AB-8大孔树脂动态吸附工艺条件,最佳动态吸附条件为:上样速率1.5mL/min,料液浓度2.2mg/mL,pH值5.6,最大动态吸附量为19.52mg/g;正交试验优化AB-8大孔树脂动态解吸的最佳工艺条件为:氯化钠浓度为0.4mol/L,乙醇添加量60%,盐酸浓度0.2mol/L,流速1.5mL/min,最优动态解吸率为85.21%。通过树脂纯化,多糖纯度可达88.87%。该红枣多糖提纯技术是一种非常有效的方法,在医疗及保健行业具有巨大的应用潜力和市场。 相似文献
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为提高香蕉皮缩合单宁提取物纯度,提升其后续研究与利用价值,该研究采用大孔树脂吸附法纯化香蕉皮缩合单宁,通过比较6种大孔树脂的吸附与解吸性能,筛选出最适宜的树脂型号,并从动力学和热力学的角度分析该树脂对香蕉皮缩合单宁的吸附特性,探究其纯化工艺条件。结果表明：HP-20型大孔树脂是纯化香蕉皮缩合单宁的适宜树脂;静态吸附-解吸动力学试验表明HP-20树脂分别在8、5 h内能够完成对香蕉皮缩合单宁的吸附、解吸过程,该吸附过程符合伪二阶动力学方程(R2=0.997 2);Freundlich热力学模型适用于解释树脂与缩合单宁间的相互作用,这是一种发生在多分子层表面的吸附,模型常数KF与温度成正相关,表明升温利于吸附的进行;热力学参数计算结果为ΔG<0（-9.75、-9.70、-8.83 kJ/mol）,ΔH=5.13 kJ/mol,ΔS=47.28 J/mol·K,进一步证明了该过程是自发的、吸热的过程,且物理吸附占据主导作用,无序性有所增加。较佳的纯化参数是上样浓度为6 mg/mL、上样流速为1.5 mL/min、上样量为200 mL、洗脱液乙醇浓度为70%、洗脱流速为1.5 mL/min、洗脱液用量为120 mL。经该条件纯化后,香蕉皮缩合单宁纯度由5.79%提高到68.44%。说明HP-20树脂和优化参数对香蕉皮缩合单宁的纯化效果良好。 相似文献
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大孔树脂纯化黄精多酚及其抗氧化性与组成分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
考察4种树脂对黄精多酚粗提物的吸附-解吸特性,筛选出最佳的纯化树脂,并研究其纯化工艺,分析黄精多酚的体外抗氧化活性、红外光谱特性和单酚组成。结果表明,AB-8型大孔树脂最适合于对黄精多酚粗提液的纯化,静态吸附5 h达到饱和,静态解吸3 h达到平衡;在室温下,用质量浓度为0.80 mg/mL的黄精多酚粗提液以0.8 mL/min的流速上样;吸附平衡后以70%的乙醇为洗脱剂,在洗脱流速为1 mL/min时,大孔树脂纯化效果最好,经纯化后黄精多酚的纯度提高了3.37倍。黄精多酚具有较好的抗氧化能力,且具有良好的量效关系,纯化前后黄精多酚总还原能力的IC50值分别为(27.48±1.93)、(19.01±1.48)μg/mL,清除DPPH·的IC50值依次为(5.21±0.48)、(4.00±0.26)μg/mL,清除ABTS+·的IC50值依次为(4.89±0.82)、(4.21±0.53)μg/mL,经纯化后黄精多酚的抗氧化活性明显增强。红外光谱分析表明其具有多酚和黄酮的特征峰;HPLC-DAD分析表明,黄精多酚主要含绿源酸,阿魏酸,芦丁和熊果酸。 相似文献
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芹菜黄酮在LSA-10树脂上的吸附特性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了分离、纯化芹菜黄酮,比较了8种大孔树脂的静态吸附过程,筛选出了适合吸附芹菜黄酮的树脂;研究了芹菜黄酮在大孔吸附树脂上的动态吸附特性,并确定分离芹菜黄酮的适宜工艺条件.结果表明:LSA-10大孔吸附树脂对芹菜黄酮有较好的吸附分离性能,其对芹菜黄酮的静态吸附平衡时间为4 h;20℃时LSA-10树脂的吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温式来描述,吸附溶液适宜的pH值为5.0.操作流速、芹菜黄酮浓度、温度等工艺条件对LSA-10树脂的动态吸附动力学曲线都有影响:确定树脂柱的较佳操作条件为:流速1.0 mL/min,芹菜黄酮浓度0.4 mg/mL,温度20℃. 相似文献
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光皮木瓜齐墩果酸超声波辅助提取及纯化工艺 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
以光皮木瓜为原料,利用超声波辅助提取及大孔吸附树脂纯化齐墩果酸。通过二次正交旋转组合设计优化提取工艺条件,采用静态吸附和解吸试验筛选合适的大孔树脂,并运用动态吸附和解吸试验验优化纯化条件。结果表明,超声波辅助提取最佳工艺条件为:超声功率600 W、提取温度53℃、液料比8:1、超声波提取70 min,回流提取120 min,齐墩果酸得率为3.000 mg/g;XDA-1型大孔树脂对齐墩果酸具有较好的吸附和解吸效果,最佳纯化工艺条件为上柱液浓度0.794 mg/mL,吸附流速0.5 mL/min;以90%浓度乙醇洗脱,洗脱流速1.0 mL/min,纯化后得提取物中齐墩果酸纯度可达26.55%。 相似文献
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茶树花多酚大孔树脂纯化工艺研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
该文以废弃茶树花为原料,采用超滤法处理茶树花多酚超声波辅助乙醇浸提液,去除大分子物质,运用静态吸附和动态吸附试验对HZ系列5种大孔吸附树脂及其纯化茶树花多酚工艺条件进行筛选,采用HPLC监测树脂纯化前后茶树花多酚的变化情况。结果表明,HZ-806大孔吸附树脂对茶树花多酚的吸附性能与解吸效果最好,吸附率和解吸率分别达到97.5％、98.20％,适宜作为茶树花多酚纯化的树脂;HZ-806大孔树脂纯化茶树花多酚的工艺条件为：上柱液pH 3.0,上柱液浓度4.0 mg/mL,上柱液体积6 BV,上柱流速4 BV/h,洗脱液乙醇浓度70％,洗脱流速2 BV/h,洗脱体积3.33 BV;采用上述纯化工艺茶树花多酚纯度从19.43％提高到84.32％。 相似文献
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大孔树脂精制苦荞总黄酮工艺条件的优化研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
为了研究DM-2型大孔树脂精制苦荞总黄酮的优化工艺条件，以树脂对苦荞总黄酮的吸附率、解吸率为评价指标，采用响应曲面法(response surface methodology，RSM)建立树脂法精制苦荞总黄酮的二次多项回归模型方程，对精制苦荞总黄酮吸附解吸工艺条件进行优化。结果表明吸附最佳工艺条件为吸附速率2 mL/min，pH值2，上样液浓度2 mg/mL。解吸最佳工艺条件：乙醇浓度71.05%，pH值8.76，解吸速率1 mL/min。该方法简单可行，精制效果好，适合于工业化生产。 相似文献
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绿霉和酸腐是柑橘果实采后主要的病害,生产上迫切需要化学杀菌剂的替代方法。该研究对毛霉诱导脐橙果皮产生的具有抗病活性的红色物质(Citru Peel Red-substance Extract,CPRE)进行部分分离纯化,评价了CPRE对指状青霉和酸腐菌的抑菌活性,分析活性成分对两病原真菌菌丝细胞壁与膜功能的影响。结果表明,在50～200μg/mL的质量浓度下,CPRE对指状青霉和酸腐菌的孢子萌发,芽管伸长,菌丝生长有强烈的抑制作用,并且呈现剂量效应,最低抑菌浓度均为200μg/mL。进一步研究表明,与空白对照比较,50、100μg/mL抗菌活性成分处理明显改变指状青霉和酸腐菌菌丝细胞壁中几丁质分布,降低了细胞壁中几丁质含量、促进了质外体碱性磷酸酶的释放,表明CPRE严重损伤两致病真菌菌丝的细胞壁功能;CPRE处理还明显损伤两病菌菌丝的细胞膜通透性(P0.05),刺激菌丝膜外电导率显著上升(P0.05),加剧细胞内蛋白和核酸的丢失,降低了菌丝细胞膜总脂质含量,影响了细胞膜的正常功能。上述结果表明,红色抗菌成分在防控柑橘采后绿霉病和酸腐病中有潜在应用前景。 相似文献
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黑青稞麸皮结合态酚类物质大孔树脂分离纯化工艺优化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了筛选对黑青稞麸皮结合酚类物质具有良好吸附、解吸性能的树脂,并建立其分离纯化工艺,评价其体外抗氧化活性,提高黑青稞麸皮的加工利用价值。本研究通过静态吸附和解吸试验比较了10种大孔树脂对黑青稞麸皮结合酚中总酚和总黄酮的分离纯化效果,筛选出AB-8为最佳吸附树脂类型,其静态吸附4 h可达到饱和;优化的吸附和解吸工艺参数为：黑青稞麸皮结合酚提取液pH值为3.0,上样质量浓度1.5 mg/mL,上样速度为1.5 mL/min,60%乙醇溶液作为洗脱剂进行动态洗脱,洗脱流速为1.5 mL/min;优化工艺条件下,经LC/MS检测,AB-8大孔树脂能显著提高71.43%以上不同种类单体酚的含量,且阿魏酸、丁香酸、苯甲酸、鞣花酸、杨梅素和芦丁是纯化后黑青稞麸皮结合酚中的主要酚类物质;体外抗氧化活性表明,黑青稞麸皮结合酚粗提物和纯化物均具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,纯化后的黑青稞麸皮结合酚溶液清除DPPH·、ABTS·+自由基及FRAP铁离子还原能力均显著增强。研究结果表明AB-8大孔树脂对黑青稞麸皮结合酚中总酚和总黄酮有较好的分离纯化效果,具有潜在的工业应用前景。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献
20.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献