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1.
对杆材阶段不同密度的马尾松林在低强度间伐后生物量的动态变化进行了分析对比，结果表明间伐后平均木的单株生物量和各器官生物量随密度增加而减少；随林分年龄的增加，单株生物量与树干、皮、根的生物量因积累而增大，但枝、叶的生物量先增加后减少，在林分年龄为20a时达到最大值，随后又接近间伐前的数值；林分生物量随年龄增加而增加，其中密度为3000株 相似文献
2.
以福建省连城邱家山国有林场19 a林龄未抚育间伐的秃杉人工林为研究对象,开展不同造林密度梯度下其直径结构与林分生长指标的研究。结果表明,不同密度林分偏度系数都是负值,随着密度增大,偏度系数大致以0.1的级距呈现等差递减;峰度系数都大于0,随着密度增大,峰度系数大致以0.2的级距呈现等差递增;不同密度梯度下秃杉人工林径阶株数分布规律表现为随着林分密度增大,小径阶比例增多,大径阶比例减少,径阶跨度减少,峰点前移,峰值增大;秃杉平均胸径、树高、单株材积、单位面积蓄积量与林分密度都呈现负相关,密度对其影响达显著或极显著水平。综合研究结果,在较好立地上秃杉造林初植密度以1500~1800株/hm2为宜,并提出了抚育间伐方案。 相似文献
3.
4.
秃杉人工林林下植物和土壤肥力的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对10年生不同造林密度秃杉人工林林下植被生长状况调查和土壤理化性质的测定,结果表明,随秃杉人工林造林密度增大,林下植被高度、覆盖度和生物量减少,土壤物理性质不良,土壤养分含量降低。秃杉人工林生长过程中要经常调整密度以促进林下植被生长,从而改善土壤理化状况,提高土壤肥力。 相似文献
5.
不同造林密度马尾松人工林的根系生物量 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用全根挖掘法和土钻法,分别测定5种造林密度20年生马尾松林分平均标准木的单木和行间根系生物量,结果表明:平均标准木单木根系总生物量随林分密度的增大而减少,不同级别根系生物量的排序为根桩>粗根>大根>中根>小根,其中根桩和粗根占根系生物量构成的90%以上.行间不同径级根系生物量的排序为中根>细根>小根.不同密度对中根、小根和细根生物量呈现出随密度增加而逐渐变小的趋势.5种密度马尾松林分的根系主要分布在0～30 cm的表层土壤中,占根系总生物量的82%以上.随着土层深度的增加,不同密度林分行间根系生物量逐渐减少.数学模型拟合的结果表明,平均标准木单木各级根系生物量与林分平均胸径、平均树高及密度有较强的相关性,除了小根以外,相关系数均达到0.8以上,林分行间各级根系生物量与林分密度也表现出较好的相关性. 相似文献
6.
林分密度对邓恩桉生物产量及生产力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对湘南低山丘岗区密度为1 110、1 667和2 500株.hm-2的8年生邓恩桉Eucalyptus dunnii丰产示范林生物量进行了测定.结果表明:单株生物量随林分密度的增加而明显减小,低密度林分林木平均木的生物量是高密度林分的1.22倍;林分生物量随林分密度的增加而增加,高密度林分比低密度林分高出271.26 t.hm-2;各密度林分的年均净生物量分别为32.35、43.97和59.51 t.hm-2a-1,高于杉木中心产区杉木人工林的水平,林分各组分的生物量随林分密度的增大而增大,并出现干>根>枝>皮>叶的规律;林分结构以中密度林分合理,叶面积指数高,干材生物量达61%以上.邓恩桉在湘南低山丘岗区发展潜力大,可作为该地区短周期工业用材林培育造林树种. 相似文献
7.
该项试验共分2个部分.(1)造林密度试验,小区面积为600
m2,5个处理,即1 667株.hm-2(A)、3 333株.hm-2(B)、4～983株.hm-2(C)、6 633株.hm-2(D)、9967株.hm-2(E);(2)造林密度调控试验,造林设计方法与造林密度试验相同,但在林分生长过程中,按密度管理图的密管线0.5为标准进行间伐,间伐后保留密度要与临近的下一个初植密度较稀植的林分密度基本相同,两者进行比较.试验结果(1)造林密度试验,优势高、平均高、平均胸径均随年龄的增加而递增,随密度的增加而递减,优势高9a、平均高6
a、平均胸径5 a,密度间差异已达显著性水平;林分蓄积量则随年龄增加而递增,5～7
a,密度间差异显著,8～18a,只有A密度与E、D密度差异显著;枝下高随密度、年龄的增加而递增,12～a后,C、D、E密度间的差异很小;冠幅随密度的增加而递减,随年龄的增加而递增,9～10a后,各密度则随年龄增加而缓慢递减.(2)造林密度调控试验,同一指数级,间伐后的林分与其密度基本相同未间伐的林分比较,其优势高、平均高差异不明显;立木蓄积前者小于后者;总蓄积(立木蓄积+间伐蓄积)前者大于后者;同一指数级,初植密度不同的林分,间伐后与密度基本相同未间伐林分的蓄积百分比,初植密度大的大于初植密度小的;指数级不同,而初植密度相同的林分,间伐后与密度基本相同未间伐的林分总蓄积百分比,高指数级的比值大于低指数级的比值. 相似文献
8.
林分密度对湿地松根系生物量及其分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《森林与环境学报》2015,(1)
为了确定湿地松中龄林的施肥位置和准确估测根系生物量,以湘北11年生5种造林密度湿地松为研究对象,采用全根分层挖掘法,对其根系生物量及其空间分布规律进行了研究。结果表明:湿地松根系发达,单株根系生物量随林分密度的增大而减小,林分根系生物量基本随林分密度的增大而增大。根桩和大根是构成根系的主体,合计占总根量的85.8%-89.4%。不同密度林分根系生物量随土层深度的增加而明显减小,63.1%以上的根系生物量集中分布在0-40 cm土层内,81.4%以上的根系(含根桩)生物量集中分布在距树干0-50 cm范围内,因此应在1/2株行距、20 cm深度的位置施肥最好;根系与树干相关性最大;建立的单株各径级根系生物量估测模型精度较高,可根据林木胸径、树高及林分密度估测根系生物量。 相似文献
9.
抚育间伐对红松人工林生物量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对草河口地区不同林龄阶段红松人工林抚育间伐后生物量进行了对比试验研究。结果表明,在适宜的间伐强度范围内,平均单株木生物量随间伐强度的减小而减少;林分生物量随间伐强度的减小而增大。 相似文献
10.
秃杉抚育间伐初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对安溪县福前农场造林密度为2 505株.hm-2的9年生秃杉林分设置极强度间伐(60%)、强度间伐(40%)、弱度间伐(20%)及不间伐(对照)4个处理,间伐3 a后,调查林分胸径、树高、单株材积、蓄积量等指标,研究不同间伐强度对其生长量的影响。结果表明:不同间伐强度对林分胸径生长、单株材积、蓄积量的影响都达到显著水平,而对树高生长有一定影响,但差异不显著。综合分析表明,对9年生的秃杉林分,选择强度间伐(间伐总株数的40%)进行抚育间伐较为合适。 相似文献
11.
Ulvcrona Kristina Ahnlund; Claesson Svante; Sahlen Kenneth; Lundmark Tomas 《Forestry》2007,80(3):323-335
The effects of pre-commercial thinning on tree and branch characteristicswere analysed at two experimental sites in northern Sweden,where pre-thinning of Scots pine stands to 600, 1000 and 1800stems per hectares at heights of 1.5, 3, 5 and 7 m had beencombined in a factorial design. A total of 90 trees were cutand branches were measured in whorls sampled at 1-m intervals,starting with the whorl closest to 0.5 m above ground. Effectsof the treatments on tree and branch characteristics were analysedby a fixed-effect analysis of variance model, which was appliedseparately for each experimental site and whorl height. Diameterat breast height (d.b.h.) and living crown to height ratio decreased,while the height/d.b.h. ratio (stem form) increased with increasingstand density, and generally with increased height at thinning.No treatment effect was found on the number of branches perwhorl or branch angle, but branch diameter (BD) was significantlyinfluenced by both stand density after thinning and height atthinning. BD decreased with increases in stand density and decreasedwith increases in height at pre-commercial thinning. Relativebranch size (RBS), defined as the ratio between the sum of thediameters of branches in a whorl and stem perimeter under barkat the location of that whorl, was significantly influencedonly by stand height at the time of treatment. RBS decreasedby 4–6 per cent in whorls located below the current baseof the living crown with each step increase in stand heightat pre-commercial thinning. The results indicate that the numberof stems after pre-commercial thinning has a greater impacton tree size and shape than timing of pre-commercial thinning.Stand density after thinning also has a greater impact on branchsize, in the sense that it will affect branch size further upthe tree than the timing of pre-commercial thinning. However,by delaying the time for pre-commercial thinning it is possibleto reduce the RBS in the lower part of the stem. This mightbe an important measure to improve timber quality later in therotation period, which cannot be done solely by regulating standdensity. 相似文献
12.
马尾松天然次生林间伐效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于平均年龄为23年生、地位指数为14和12的2种立地的马尾松天然次生林中,分别设置固定标准样地,并分别设计5个和6个密度水平,对其抚育间伐4年后的间伐效应进行研究。结果表明:不同地位指数的林分,其间伐前或间伐后立木径级分布均呈现正态分布的规律;间伐前林分分化强烈,立木径级大小悬殊;间伐后林分最小株距和平均株距较接近,大径级林木比例提高;间伐4年后平均径级左右的立木比例明显增加。间伐4年后,当14地位指数林分的密度大于1 500株/hm2,12地位指数林分的密度大于1 950株/hm2时,其胸径离散度较间伐当年间伐后的反而明显增大;平均胸径和单株材积的增长均随保留密度的加大而减小,但单位面积蓄积量增长则在其适宜密度时最大;不同保留密度各处理间平均胸径、单株材积以及单位面积材积增长的差异均达极显著,但树高和比重增长的差异均不显著;间伐各处理的平均胸径、单株材积以及单位面积材积增长均大于对照;14地位指数马尾松林以保留密度为1 500/hm2处理的单位面积材积增长最大,增长30.29%;12地位指数马尾松林以保留密度为1 950/hm2处理的单位面积材积增长最大,增长24.38%。 相似文献
13.
Thinning alters crown dynamics and biomass increment within aboveground tissues in young stands of Chamaecyparis obtusa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Qingmin Han Daisuke Kabeya Satoshi Saito Masatake G. Araki Tatsuro Kawasaki Chiharu Migita Yukihiro Chiba 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(1):184-193
The stand density of a forest affects the vertical distribution of foliage. Understanding the dynamics of this response is important for the study of crown structure and function, carbon-budget estimation, and forest management. We investigated the effect of tree density on the vertical distribution of foliage, branch, and stem growth, and ratio of biomass increment in aboveground tissues; by monitoring all first-order branches of five trees each from thinned and unthinned control stands of 10-year-old Chamaecyparis obtusa for four consecutive years. In the control stand, the foliage crown shifted upward with height growth but the foliage quantity of the whole crown did not increase. In addition, the vertical distribution of leaf mass shifted from lower-crown skewed to upper-crown skewed. In the thinned stand in contrast, the foliage quantity of individual crowns increased two-fold within 4 years, while the vertical distribution of leaf mass remained lower-crown skewed. The two stands had similar production rates, numbers of first-order branches per unit of tree height, and total lengths of first-order branches. However, the mortality rate of first-order branches and self-pruning within a first-order branch were significantly higher in the control stand than in the thinned stand, which resulted in a higher ratio of biomass increment in branch. Thinning induced a higher ratio of biomass increment in foliage and lower in branch. The increased foliage quantity and variation in ratio of biomass increment after thinning stimulated stem growth of residual trees. These results provide information that will be useful when considering thinning regimes and stand management. 相似文献
14.
林分密度对桉树幼龄能源林的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对0.5年生3种不同密度配置的幼龄尾巨桉优良无性系DH32-29各器官生物量、热值以及灰分进行了调查和测定,结果表明:所选3种密度间树高差异显著,基径差异达到极显著水平,随着密度的增加,树枝、叶片、树干的生物量分别呈现减少趋势,密度与树枝和树干生物量的相关性达到了0.01极显著水平;单株生物量随密度的增大而减小,林分生物量则相反;单株热值无显著差异,仅单株平均灰分含量高密度与中密度存在显著差异。综合分析,高密度0.25 m×2 m林分生物量最大,其灰分含量比低密度的林分低,适合作为能源林培育密度。 相似文献
15.
不同密度管理措施对杉木林分的生长、生态效应的研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
通过定位观测，对不同密度杉木林的树高、胸径与材积生长规律、林分结构、林木分化和材质的差异；并对不同方式间伐后林分的生长变化，以及不同间伐强度对林地土壤肥力、林下植被种类和数量的影响及其经济效果进行了研究。结果表明：林分密度和间伐强度对杉木树高生长无显著影响，而胸径和单株材积则随着林木株数的增加而减小；林下植被种类、数量和土壤肥力均随着间伐强度的加大而有所增加；中度间伐强度的生长、生态和经济等综合效果最佳。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):243-251
Precommercial thinning is regarded as one of the most important measures for influencing timber quality in stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The present study considers the influence of both thinning intensity and tree height at the time of thinning on diameter of the thickest branch and crown ratio. A total of 115 plots (either naturally regenerated, planted or sown, and either thinned down to 528–8000 stems?ha?1 or untreated) included in 20 sites in southern Sweden were analysed. The average tree height after thinning varied from 1.2 to 8.3?m. An increasing number of remaining stems resulted in a reduction in branch diameter, although the reduction appeared to be only minor if the number of stems after thinning was more than 3000 stems?ha?1. It was found that late thinning reduced the diameter of the thickest branch. The crown ratio decreased with stand height, number of stems after thinning and average height at thinning. The results were consistent for all trees and for the 500 thickest trees per hectare. 相似文献
17.
The crown structure of Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden 6 years after thinning, and the development of stand leaf area index both immediately and 6 years after thinning, were investigated. Thinning did not alter branch angle, branching density or the relationship between branch size and branch leaf area. However, larger branches were found in the lower crown of thinned trees and the increase in leaf area as a result of thinning occurred on the northern aspect of the crown. The vertical distribution of leaf area in unthinned trees was skewed toward the top of the crown and correlated with live crown ratio. The vertical distribution of leaf area in thinned trees tended to be less skewed and was unrelated to tree size or dominance. Leaf area index, as estimated from light interception measurements, increased at a constant rate soon after thinning regardless of residual stocking. In the longer term, residual stocking had a strong influence on leaf area increase per tree and was correlated with changes in crown length. 相似文献
18.
Sebastian Hein Aaron R. Weiskittel Ulrich Kohnle 《European Journal of Forest Research》2008,127(6):481-493
The influence of stand density on Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] is conceptually understood, but for wide spacings not well quantified, particularly in Europe. This study
used 41 trees from 7 different locations in south-western Germany to compare important tree- and branch-level attributes across
three different densities, namely 100, 200, and 1,200 stems ha−1. In general, there were only a few tree and branch attributes that were significantly different between the 100 and 200 ha−1 densities. Crown projection area and diameter of the thickest branches were the most important differences between the 100
and 200 ha−1 densities. The most obvious and significant differences in this study were between 100 and 1,200 ha−1 densities, where nearly every examined tree and branch attributes were statistically significant. However, relative sapwood
area, the number of branches, branch angle, and the occurrence of spike knots were insensitive to stand density. Although
the two lowest stand densities in this study represent rather extremely wide spacings, these results still have important
implications for the development of effective thinning regimes for Douglas-fir in south-western Germany. Important management
recommendations from this study include thinned stands should be maintained to at least 200 stems ha−1 to maintain high log quality and stand stability. Furthermore, even at stand densities exceeding more than 1,200 trees ha−1 planted trees, artificial pruning may even be necessary to produce high quality logs. 相似文献
19.
《Forest Ecology and Management》2005,209(3):225-235
This study examined the impact of pre-commercial thinning (PCT) on tree growth, product recovery, stand value and financial return in jack pine stands in Northwestern Ontario. Ten sites composed of both control and PCT stands representing various stand densities (2000–6000 trees/ha) and stand ages (26–36 years old) were selected for this study. Three thousand and eighty-two trees were measured for DBH and total height, and were reconstructed in 3-D using a taper equation for jack pine. The reconstructed virtual trees were then “sawn” using the software package Optitek to obtain optimal lumber value recovery, which was then used to determine total product value per tree and financial return. The quadratic mean DBHs of trees from the PCT stands were significantly larger than those from the control stands for all 10 sites. Six of ten PCT stands had significantly taller trees than did the controls of the same sites. With increasing stand density, tree DBH decreased in the control stands while no consistent pattern could be recognized for the DBH of the PCT stands. The increment in average DBH due to PCT increased with increasing thinning intensity. PCT reduced total tree volume per hectare, benefited merchantable stem volume per hectare, and improved the total lumber volume and value recovery per hectare. On average, the PCT stands produced approximately $2760 and $1770/ha (or 19.6 and 16.1%) more product value per hectare for the dimension mill and stud mill, respectively. PCT also significantly reduced logging and lumber conversion costs. Higher total product values and lower total costs resulted in higher benefit/cost (B/C) ratios in the PCT stands than did in the control stands. The increased financial return due to PCT is associated with the magnitude of difference in quadratic mean DBH resulting from PCT. The B/C ratio difference between control and PCT stands increased with increasing thinning intensity. Overall, this study indicates that PCT appears to be an economically viable silvicultural investment for jack pine stands in Northwestern Ontario. 相似文献