共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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作者以12种地膜为试验材料,研究不同类型地膜的降解效果及其对露天辣椒生长的影响。试验结果表明,与常规地膜相比,降解地膜表现出优异的降解性;地膜的厚度影响降解时间,地膜越厚降解时间越长,保温效果越好;与白色地膜相比,黑色地膜抑制杂草的效果较好,覆盖黑膜可减少除草剂的用量,节约生产成本,且减轻化学药剂对环境的污染;覆盖黑色地膜辣椒的产量普遍高于覆盖白色地膜,覆盖0.01 mm厚可降解地膜辣椒的产量与覆盖0.01 mm厚普通PE黑膜无明显差异;露天栽培条件下,0.006 mm厚的降解地膜分解速度快,但辣椒产量较低。辣椒露天栽培推荐使用厚度为0.01 mm的黑色可降解地膜。 相似文献
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利用3 个Cry1Ac 蛋白表达量不同的青花菜株系,研究了其对抗性小菜蛾和敏感小菜蛾的抗
性和产卵选择行为的影响。实验室结果表明：在非Bt 青花菜对照上,抗性小菜蛾和敏感小菜蛾的存活率
差异不显著;在Cry1Ac 蛋白表达量为167 ng·g-1 的Bt 青花菜上,敏感小菜蛾的死亡率达到100%,而抗
性小菜蛾的死亡率仅为18%;在Cry1Ac 蛋白表达量为224 ng·g-1 和246 ng·g-1 的Bt 青花菜上,抗性小
菜蛾和敏感小菜蛾的死亡率均达到100%。抗性小菜蛾和敏感小菜蛾在不同Cry1Ac 蛋白表达量的Bt 青花
菜上的产卵量没有显著差异,表明Cry1Ac 蛋白表达量对小菜蛾的产卵行为没有影响。温室试验结果与实
验室结果基本一致。 相似文献
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作者以普通地膜、强化耐候地膜及全生物降解地膜为试验材料,开展了不同种类地膜对大棚丝瓜果实性状影响的试验研究,并在丝瓜采收后比较了不同地膜的降解情况.试验结果表明,相同厚度、相同颜色的不同种类地膜对丝瓜的果形和单瓜质量有一定影响,但各处理间差异较小.全生物降解地膜的降解效果明显;普通地膜虽未降解,但有一定程度的撕裂;强化... 相似文献
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青花菜又名茎椰莱,木立花椰菜、绿菜花。原产于地中海沿岸,我国于1980年引入。栽培青花菜应选择保肥保水性好、微酸到中性的肥沃土壤,前作非十字花科,有利于生长发育和减少病虫危害。 相似文献
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Plastic film mulches are often associated with increases in plant growth and yield of vegetable crops. Few studies, however, report on the effect of plastic film mulches on root zone temperature on broccoli. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of colored plastic mulches on root zone temperature and broccoli plant growth and yield Broccoli (‘Packman’) plants were grown using plastic film mulch and drip irrigation. The treatments consisted of plastic film mulch (black, blue, gray on black, red, silver on black, and white on black mulches) and bare soil. Colored plastic film mulches affected root zone temperature and the accumulation of soil degree-days. Mean daily RZT, maximal daily RZT and degree day accumulation in the soil were highest in dark-colored mulches (blue, black, red, and gray) and lowest in light-colored mulches (silver and white), while minimal daily RZT was highest in silver mulch and lowest in white mulch. Silver mulch showed the smallest diurnal fluctuations in RZT among plastic mulches, with the highest RZT during the night and among the lowest in the afternoon. Colored plastic mulches also affected broccoli plant growth and yield, although the effect of mulches was more dramatic in the spring than in the fall seasons. Broccoli yield was linearly related to both the vegetative top dry weight and root dry weight of mature plants. Broccoli yield was little affected at mean RZT of <21 °C but increased with increasing mean RZTs above 21 °C up to 25 °C. Thus, broccoli plant growth and yield responded more favorably to dark-colored mulches than to light-colored mulches, suggesting that broccoli benefited from increased soil warming. No high RZT stress effects on broccoli plant growth or yield were observed in this study. Thus, this study suggests that plastic film mulches, particularly the dark-colored mulches, may be an option for spring broccoli production in areas with cool conditions early in the spring. 相似文献
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为筛选出易降解或易回收,对环境污染小,适宜在番茄生产中应用的地膜,研究了PBAT生物降解地膜与0.012 mm加厚型塑料地膜的差异性,以0.010 mm普通塑料地膜作为对照,对比了各种地膜的降解周期,以及对番茄生长和产量的影响。试验结果表明:在影响植株长势方面,3种地膜对番茄植株株高、茎粗、叶片数的影响差异不显著;在影响作物产量方面,覆盖0.012 mm地膜的番茄产量最高,其次是PBAT生物降解地膜,覆盖0.010 mm塑料地膜番茄产量最低;在地膜降解性能方面,PBAT生物降解地膜降解性能较强,0.012 mm加厚型塑料地膜韧性强,不易破碎,有利于后期回收利用,0.010 mm塑料地膜韧性差,不利于回收;建议生产中根据实际气候、土壤、作物等条件选择适宜的PBAT生物降解地膜或加厚型塑料地膜。 相似文献
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芋头是江苏省特色经济作物,栽培面积大,地膜使用率高,但是地膜回收困难、无法自然降解所造成的环境污染,不利于江苏芋头产业的规模化、持续性发展。本试验以聚乙烯(PE)普通地膜为对照,研究聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)和聚乳酸(PLA)全生物降解地膜对芋头产量和土壤环境的影响。结果表明:PLA全生物降解地膜在提高出苗率、促进芋头营养生长方面效果明显,产量较PE地膜增产18.1%~27.3%,开裂时期较为适宜,控制杂草效果较好,能够有效降低人工成本,经济上可行;当年降解率达到80%以上,土壤残膜经1年左右自然降解和清除后,基本对作物生产无影响,可以作为江苏芋头生产中普通PE地膜的替代产品。 相似文献
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芋头是江苏省特色经济作物,栽培面积大,地膜使用率高,但是地膜回收困难、无法自然降解所造成的环境污染,不利于江苏芋头产业的规模化、持续性发展。本试验以聚乙烯(PE)普通地膜为对照,研究聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)和聚乳酸(PLA)全生物降解地膜对芋头产量和土壤环境的影响。结果表明:PLA全生物降解地膜在提高出苗率、促进芋头营养生长方面效果明显,产量较PE地膜增产18.1%~27.3%,开裂时期较为适宜,控制杂草效果较好,能够有效降低人工成本,经济上可行;当年降解率达到80%以上,土壤残膜经1年左右自然降解和清除后,基本对作物生产无影响,可以作为江苏芋头生产中普通PE地膜的替代产品。 相似文献
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有色地膜覆盖对生姜生长及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有色地膜覆盖具有比地上遮荫更好的降温保湿效果，晴天中午黑色地膜覆盖的10cm地温与CK接近或降低1～2℃，土壤含水量比CK提高3.57%～5.02%；灰色地膜覆盖的10cm地温与CK无显著差异，但土壤含水量比CK提高3.28%～4.68%。从而可增强生姜植株长势，使其茎秆粗壮，叶面积大，分枝和姜球数多，增产效果明显。黑色地膜覆盖莱芜大姜比CK增产16.4%，莱芜片姜增产14.6%；灰色地膜覆盖莱芜大姜增产131%，莱芜片姜增产 10.6%。 与地上遮荫相比，有色地膜覆盖每667m2可节约成本108～158.7元，与增产部分合计(按2元·kg-1计)，莱芜市试验可提高经济效益1217.3～1486.5元(莱芜大姜)；腾州市试验可提高经济效益735～969元(莱芜片姜)。 相似文献
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不同地膜覆盖对春季马铃薯生长及产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以黑色膜、转光增温膜和配色膜为试材 ,研究了地膜覆盖对春季马铃薯生长和产量的影响。结果表明 ,转光增温膜的增温效果最好 ,其次是配色膜 ,黑色膜的效果较差 ,但也好于普通透明地膜 (CK)。转光增温膜和配色膜覆盖的马铃薯出苗较快 ,长势好 ,产量显著高于CK。黑色膜覆盖的马铃薯出苗稍晚 ,植株长势和产量受到一定影响 ,但其产量仍明显高于CK。配色膜与黑色膜覆盖在防除杂草和防止马铃薯块茎表皮变绿方面有明显效果。综合各项测定指标 ,认为配色膜的总体效果最好。 相似文献
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为在蔬菜生产中推广和应用适宜的地膜，实现绿色高效、清洁环保栽培，采用全生物降解地膜、高强度耐候地膜、普通黑地膜等不同地膜在茄子栽培中进行覆盖应用，考察不同地膜对茄子生育性状和产量的影响，比较不同地膜裂解程度、保温保湿及防草性能。结果表明：在茄子生育期内，高强度耐候地膜不易碎裂，仅出现2～20 cm的裂缝或孔洞，具有良好的保温保湿及防草效果，而全生物降解地膜在茄子生长后期出现20 cm以上的裂缝或孔洞（直径），在茄子前、中生育期具有保温保湿效果，但不能在茄子生育期内完全分解，有待进一步加强材料性能的改善。 相似文献
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摘要：为验证不同类型全生物降解膜和强化耐候膜在邳州市大蒜覆盖地膜种植中的应用效果,连续2 年进行大蒜地膜减量替代试验,比较其保温、病虫草害防控效果以及对大蒜生长及产量的影响。结果表 明：除了强化耐侯膜外,大多参试地膜的产量表现不理想;因此,为获得理想的地膜减量替代效果,全 生物降解膜应用在大蒜种植中的规格要求为：透明薄膜,厚度0.010 mm,宽幅2～4 m,覆盖至诱导期为 145～155 d,开裂期为150～180 d,功能期在180 d以上;强化耐候膜可以在一定范围内加大宽幅。 相似文献
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Helene Weissinger Andreas Spornberger Renate Brunmayer Karoline Jezik 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2011,53(2):69-76
The use of mulch films is gaining importance in strawberry production. In this paper, the photoselective PE-mulch film ??Agri-Black?? is compared with a common PE-film and with the traditional method ??open soil?+?straw mulch at blossom??. ??Agri-Black?? is produced with a blend of alternative colour pigments instead of carbon black and with a high amount of UV-absorbers which may lead to an altered germination behaviour of weeds and to an earlier harvest due to higher soil temperature. The effects on the growth of weeds through the planting holes of the films, long-term herbicide effects after removing the films, and the effects on yield and fruit quality of the strawberries were analysed. Weed growth through the planting holes was reduced by trend by ??Agri-Black?? in comparison to the common PE-film, but not significantly. Six weeks after removing the films, the total amount of weeds was significantly lower in parcels with ??Agri-Black?? than in parcels with the common PE-film. Regarding single species, no significant differences between the films were determined. Long lasting rainfalls before harvest, in combination with flat beds, did result in heavy plant damages in both film variants and thus in much lower yield than in the control variant ??open soil?+?straw mulch at blossom??. In the control variant, there were significantly more fruits damaged by slugs, compared to both film variants. 相似文献