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香料烟细菌性斑点病病原鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2004~2005年在云南保山香料烟上发现一种由细菌侵染引起的新病害,称为香料烟细菌斑点病。该病主要危害叶片,初为黑褐色水浸状圆形或多角形小斑点,以后病斑扩大、连片,形成不规则的较大坏死斑。从病叶上分离到了28株细菌菌株,菌株接种于香料烟上,发病症状与田间自然症状一致,并从回接病株上重新分离得到此病病原细菌。经过革兰氏染色反应、菌体形态、培养性状、LOPAT试验、生理生化特性分析和16S-23S rDNA序列分析,以及病原菌寄主范围测定,确定该病原菌为丁香假单胞菌烟草致病变种[Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci(Wolfet al.)Young et al.]。 相似文献
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2015年春季在昆明市区绿化带种植的中华常春藤上发现一种由细菌侵染而引起的病害,称为中华常春藤细菌性叶斑病。通过发病症状、菌落形态观察、致病性测定、Biolog分析,16S rDNA序列和核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(internal trans-cribed spacer, ITS )序列分析比较,对昆明地区的常春藤叶斑病病原菌及其系统进化关系进行研究。分离病原菌接种中华常春藤叶片完成科赫法则验证,发病初期在叶片表面形成带有黄色叶晕的不规则褐色斑点,后期叶片边缘形成倒V字型坏死并起皱。将菌株CCT1和CCT6测序结果与现有的黄单胞菌菌株的16S rDNA序列和核糖体DNA的ITS序列构建进化树,结果均显示病原菌与野油菜黄单胞菌的序列相似度最大,属于同一支。研究确定该病原菌为野油菜黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas campestris)。这是中国首次报道由X. campestris 引起的中华常春藤叶斑病。 相似文献
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海南一品红细菌性叶斑病病原菌的分离与鉴定研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确海南省近几年发生的一品红细菌性叶部病害的病原菌特别是该病原菌的分子特征,为该病害的治理提供可行的依据,本文描述了2005年海南省部分花圃一品红植株上发生的细菌性叶斑病症状,并通过致病性测定、BIOLOG分析和16SrDNA序列比较将分离的病原菌鉴定为黄单胞菌属(Xanthomonas);部分碳源利用测定进一步显示2005年海南分离的菌株与2004年海南报道的细菌性疫病病原菌存在差异,但与杭州地区报道的一品红细菌性叶斑病菌基本一致。利用黄单胞菌模式种典型菌株的核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)序列构建系统发育树,结果显示3个海南菌株与巴豆黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas codiaei)和地毯草黄单胞菌(X.axonopodis)单独聚合成群,其中与巴豆黄单胞菌亲缘关系最近。 相似文献
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新疆加工型辣椒细菌性斑点病的发生和病原鉴定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
新疆加工型辣椒主要产区巴音郭楞蒙古自治州发生了一种严重危害辣椒的细菌性病害。从发病辣椒叶片中分离细菌,通过烟草过敏性反应、马铃薯软腐试验和接种辣椒等致病性测定,确定了13个致病菌株,各菌株之间致病力无明显差异。通过菌体形态、培养性状观察、生理生化反应、寄主范围测定,结合16S rDNA和rpoD基因扩增、序列测定和系统发育分析,将病原菌鉴定为丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种(Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae)。病原菌人工接种还能侵染番茄、茄子、马铃薯及黄瓜、四季豆、白菜、萝卜、芹菜等植物。P. syringae pv. syringae引起加工型辣椒细菌性斑点病在国内属首次报道。 相似文献
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哈密瓜细菌性果斑病病原菌鉴定 总被引：40，自引：3，他引：37
2000年在内蒙古和新疆的哈密瓜上发现一种新细菌病害-哈密瓜细菌性果斑病,从病叶和病果上分离到33个细菌菌株,接种哈密瓜、西瓜和甜瓜后,发病症状与自然发病症状完全一致,而且从接种病株上又重新分离到了此病原细菌,这33个细菌菌株经柯赫法则证明均为该病的致病菌。各菌株致病力无明显差异。经革兰氏染色反应、菌体形态、培养性状、生理生化反应、细胞化学成分分析(糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸、mol% G+C)、DNA-DNA杂交,确认该病原菌为燕麦食酸菌西瓜亚种(Acidovorax avenae subsp.citrulli Willems et al.1992)=类产碱假单胞菌西瓜亚种(Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp.citrulli Schaad et al.1978)。该病菌除侵染哈密瓜外,人工接种尚能侵染多种葫芦科及番茄、茄子等作物。 相似文献
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树木腐烂病在新疆主林果种植区均有不同程度的发生,近年呈加重趋势。本研究在调查了新疆阿克苏、和田、伊犁、喀什和库尔勒等地区苹果树、核桃树和杨树3种林果腐烂病田间发病情况的基础上,重点对14个样本点的样品进行病原物的分离与鉴定。结果表明,各样本点3种林果均有不同程度的腐烂病发生,分离鉴定结果为引起苹果树腐烂病病原菌主要为Valsa mali var. mali(分离频率为64.5%),其次是V. mali var. pyri(25.8%)、V. malicola(3.2%)和V. nivea(6.5%);引起核桃树和杨树腐烂病病原菌为V. sordida(分离频率为83.3%和96%)和V. nivea(分离频率为16.7%和4%)。离体枝条及苹果果实上的致病性测定结果表明,3种林果上分离得到的病原菌均能感染原寄主。引起新疆部分地区苹果树腐烂病的主要病原菌是Valsa mali var. mali,核桃树和杨树腐烂病的主要病原菌是V. sordida。同时,基于实际生产中存在感病枯死杨树枝干作为苹果园、核桃园树体支撑木的现象,推测3种林果腐烂病菌间可能存在交叉感染的潜在风险。 相似文献
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甘蔗白条病是由白条黄单胞菌Xanthomonas albilineans(Ashby) Dowson引起的甘蔗重要病害。2017年在云南保山、孟定和金平蔗区的甘蔗上发现疑似白条病的病害。从病株蔗茎中分离得到圆形,凸面,光滑,有光泽,黄色的细菌菌落。经柯赫氏法则验证,分离得到的细菌为该病害的病原菌。使用16S rRNA基因、gyrB基因和rpoD基因对分离得到的病原菌进行了分子鉴定,BLAST和系统发育分析表明本研究所获得的病原菌的3个基因的核苷酸序列与白条黄单胞菌GPE PC73菌株(GenBank登录号:FP565176)对应基因的核苷酸序列一致性均为100%,在系统发育树中处于同一分支。根据田间症状诊断、柯赫氏法则验证及分子鉴定结果,确认云南保山、孟定和金平发生的甘蔗病害为X.albilineans引起的甘蔗白条病。 相似文献
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为有效防控瓠瓜果斑病,自浙江省象山县田间采集具有典型果斑病症状的瓠瓜样本,对其进行病原菌分离、形态观察、致病性测定及分子生物学鉴定,并利用特异性引物PL1/PL2 PCR扩增和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight massspectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS）技术对其病原菌进行亚群鉴定。结果表明：瓠瓜果斑病田间典型症状是发病叶片和果实上病斑由水渍状小斑点逐渐发展为伴有黄色晕圈的褐色不规则病斑,果实腐烂、有臭味。通过菌体形态和培养特性观察、PCR鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析和7个看家基因的系统发育分析将其病原菌鉴定为西瓜噬酸菌Acidovorax citrulli。从瓠瓜上分离的菌株均属于西瓜噬酸菌亚群I,从西瓜上分离的菌株均属于西瓜噬酸菌亚群II。 相似文献
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为明确引起我国甜樱桃叶斑病的病原菌种类,于2019年在北京市、四川省、山东省和辽宁省对与已报道的其他叶斑病症状明显不同的一种甜樱桃叶斑病进行调查并采集病叶,通过组织分离法进行病原菌分离纯化,结合形态学特征和多基因(ITS、EF1-α、TUB2和CAL)系统发育分析对病原菌的种类进行鉴定,并采用离体叶片接种法进行致病性测定。结果显示,新发现的这种甜樱桃叶斑病通常从叶边缘产生圆形或不规则灰褐色病斑,病斑周围具黄色晕圈,有时形成穿孔。从病样中共分离纯化得到10株单孢系菌株,结合其菌落形态、分生孢子形态和大小等,以及多基因系统发育分析结果,最终将10株菌株鉴定为甜樱间座壳Diaporthe eres(5株)和大豆间座壳D. sojae(5株),致病性测定结果显示甜樱间座壳和大豆间座壳对甜樱桃叶片均具有致病性,完成柯赫氏法则验证。 相似文献
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柑桔溃疡病菌PCR快速检验检疫技术研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
柑桔溃疡病是严重影响全世界柑桔生产的重大检疫性病害,根据柑桔溃疡病菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri)新近公布的全基因组中独有的保守蛋白基因序列,设计筛选出一对种特异性引物(JYF5/JYR5),能专一地扩增检出柑桔组织表面所带溃疡病菌的DNA靶带(413 bp)。而柑桔叶面附生的非致病性黄单胞菌、野油菜黄单胞菌近缘种以及健康柑桔样品都不能扩增;靶细菌DNA检测下限1.56 pg/μL,靶细菌悬浮液检测下限10 cfu/μL;在不同PCR仪及各种控温方式下都能稳定地扩增出特征性靶带。这一特异、准确的柑桔溃疡病菌PCR检验技术和研制的预包被固相化PCR检测试剂盒已开始用于我国非疫生产区建设中柑桔苗木、果实的病害检疫检验。 相似文献
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Valérie Verdier Komi Assigbétsé Gopal Khatri-Chhetri Kerstin Wydra Klaus Rudolph Jean-Paul Geiger 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(6):595-602
Strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vignicola (Xcv), isolated from cowpea leaves with blight or minute pustules and collected from various geographic areas, were selected on the basis of pathological and physiological features. All strains were analyzed for genotypic markers by two methods: ribotyping with EcoRI endonuclease, and RFLP analysis with a plasmid probe (pthB) containing a gene required for pathogenicity from Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis. Ribotyping revealed a unique pattern for all the strains that corresponded to the previously described ribotype rRNA7. Based on polymorphism detected by pthB among Xcv strains, nine haplotypes were defined. The observed genetic variation was independent of the geographic origin of the strains and of pathogenic variation. Some haplotypes were widely distributed, whereas others were localized. In some cases, we could differentiate strains isolated from blight symptoms and pustules according to haplotypic composition. However, in most cases, no significant differences were observed. Our results and the previous pathogenic and biochemical characterizations suggest that the strains isolated from leaves with blight symptoms or minute pustules belong to the same pathovar. We provide information on pathogen diversity that can be used to identify and characterize resistant germplasm. 相似文献
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红掌细菌性疫病病原菌的PCR特异性检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
红掌细菌性疫病(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae,简称Xad)是红掌等天南星科花卉毁灭性病害,该病通过带菌种苗调运不断在我国扩散蔓延,国内尚未有检测方法。通过筛选和重新设计引物,建立了Xad 的PCR 检测方法,结果表明,利用引物Xad-F / Xad-R 进行PCR,能扩增出检测Xad 的特异性DNA 片断,其灵敏度可达1 × 102 CFU / mL,DNA 的最低检出限为0. 44 ng / μL,可用于红掌苗的带菌检测和红掌细菌病害的鉴定。 相似文献
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净作11年的橘园首次套种芝麻,发现园内芝麻青枯病发生严重。为探明芝麻青枯病初侵染源,本研究从芝麻青枯病株上分离到菌株JXRs02,通过形态学、分子生物学以及聚类分析,鉴定其为青枯雷尔氏菌演化型I。利用针刺接种法,将JXRs02菌株接种至柑橘园中的4种杂草凹头苋、青葙、空心莲子草以及加拿大蓬,发现JXRs02能够侵染凹头苋杂草,造成枯萎症状;LAMP检测的结果显示,在凹头苋病株组织内能够检测到青枯雷尔氏菌。依据柯赫氏法则,利用分子生物学方法证明了对凹头苋杂草具有致病性的菌株和造成芝麻青枯症状的病原菌同为青枯雷尔氏菌演化型I。同时发现,在凹头苋、青葙、空心莲子草和加拿大蓬4种杂草的根际土壤中芝麻青枯病菌均能够定殖繁衍。推测凹头苋杂草可能为芝麻青枯病菌的中间寄主,凹头苋、青葙、空心莲子草和加拿大蓬等杂草根际土壤积累的菌源可能为橘园套种芝麻后青枯病的初侵染来源。本研究对制定作物青枯病的防治策略具有一定科学意义。 相似文献
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Lesion development, bacterial multiplication and spread were measured in leaves of cultivars of rice containing different Xa (resistance) genes, following inoculation with different races of the bacterial leaf blight pathogen. Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Both compatible and incompatible races possessed the ability to colonize rice plants. The difference between compatible and incompatible host pathogen combinations appeared to be mainly in symptom production since multiplication rates and spread were very similar until after the onset of symptoms. No form of HR (hypersensitive response) was observed. The ability of incompatible races to modify host reaction in dual-inoculation was dependent on the genotype of the host plant. The heterologous non-pathogen of rice X. campestris pv. campestris produced few symptoms, failed either to multiply or spread within rice leaves and was unable to induce any marked cross-protection against homologous pv. oryzae strains in dual-inoculation experiments. 相似文献
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Ikuo KADOTA Katsue UEHARA Hirosuke SHINOHARA Koushi NISHIYAMA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(4):310-315
In June of 1998, a new bacterial disease was observed on Welsh onion in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Infected plants in nursery
boxes were stunted with tip dieback, and heavily infected plants died. In fields, the disease appeared on leaves as irregular
gray spots or elliptical spots with creases in the center. These spots enlarged and spread rapidly continued cloudy or rainy
weather, and formed blight lesions on outer leaves. Yellow mucoid bacterial colonies were consistently isolated from these
lesions. The causal bacterium was identified as a pathovar of Xanthomonas campestris on the basis of bacteriological properties. The bacterium was pathogenic to Welsh onion, onion, but nonpathogenic to chive,
Chinese chive and hyacinth. Of Liliaceae plants, which contain Welsh onion and onion, only hyacinth has been reported as a
host for the genus Xanthomonas, namely X. campestris pv. hyacinthi. However, strains of X. campestris pv. hyacinthi were not pathogenic against either Welsh onion or onion. From these results, the bacterium isolated from Welsh onion is considered
to be a new pathovar of X. campestris, and the name of X. campestris pv. allii pv. nov. is proposed. A strain MAFF 311173 is designated as the pathotype strain.
Received 29 March 2000/ Accepted in revised form 4 July 2000 相似文献
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观赏百合叶枯病症状类型与病原菌鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
引起甘肃省百合叶枯病的主要致病菌为椭圆葡萄孢[Botrytis elliptica(Berk.)Cooker],分离率为70.5%;其次是灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea Peers),分离率为23.0%。该病原菌在不同品种百合叶片上造成的症状有4种类型。不同症状类型病斑分离的病原菌种类不同,其中紫缘黄褐斑型、褐色环纹型和黄缘褐斑型主要致病菌为椭圆葡萄孢,平均分离率为82.5%;叶缘干枯型的主要致病菌为灰葡萄孢,分离率达93.7%。温度为15℃时,易产生菌核;菌核萌发最适温度为15~20℃。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Effect of temperature on leaf colonization in anthurium blight was studied using a bioluminescent strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae. In a susceptible cultivar, colonization of leaf tissues (monitored by detection of bioluminescence) and symptom development (assessed visually) advanced rapidly at higher temperatures. For a susceptible cultivar, there was a linear relationship between degree-days and percent leaf area colonized by the pathogen, indicating that leaf colonization in a susceptible cultivar was a direct function of the cumulative effect of temperature. The degree-day intercept of the regression line represented the time from inoculation to detection of bioluminescence, and the slope indicated the increase of leaf colonization per degree-day. There also was a linear relationship between the logarithm of degree-days and the logarithm of percent leaf area showing visible symptoms in a susceptible cultivar. The degree-day intercept of this relationship represented the incubation period (about 500 degree-days). The degree-days required to detect bioluminescence was not considerably different between susceptible and resistant cultivars. However, the subsequent rates of leaf colonization were significantly lower for a resistant cultivar than for a susceptible cultivar in all temperature regimes. The results suggest that multiplication of the pathogen in the leaf tissues is optimized in the susceptible cultivar. In contrast, in the resistant cultivar, the defense mechanisms overshadow the temperature effect. The differential response to temperatures may be an additional indicator of cultivar susceptibility. 相似文献