共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Effects of plant density and mepiquat chloride application on cotton boll setting in wheat–cotton double cropping system 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 CHEN Yuan LIU Zhen-yu HENG Li Leila I. M. TAMBEL ZHANG Xiang CHEN Yuan CHEN De-hua 《农业科学学报》2021,20(9):2372-2381
Sowing cotton directly after harvesting wheat in the Yangtze River Valley of China requires early mature of cotton without yield reduction. Boll-setting period synchronisation and more yield bolls distributed at the upper and middle canopy layers are also required for harvesting. The objective of this study is to quantify the individual and interaction effects of plant density and plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride(MC) on temporal and spatial distributions of yield bolls, as well as yield and yield components. During the 2013–2016 cotton growing seasons, the experiments were conducted on a shortseason cotton cultivar CRRI50 at Yangzhou University, China. Various combinations of plant density(12.0, 13.5 and 15.0 plants m~(–2)) and MC dose(180, 270 and 360 g ha~(–1)) were applied on cotton plants. The combination of 13.5 plants m~(–2) and 270 g ha~(–1) MC resulted in the greatest boll number per unit area, the highest daily boll setting number and more than 90% of bolls positioned within 45–80 cm above the ground. In conclusion, appropriate MC dose in combination of high plant density could synchronize boll-setting period and retain more bolls at the upper and middle canopy layers without yield reduction in the system of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest, and thus overcome the labor-intensive problem in current transplanting cropping system. 相似文献
2.
One-time fertilization at first flowering improves lint yield and dry matter partitioning in late planted short-season cotton 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LUO Hong-hai WANG Qiang ZHANG Jie-kun WANG Lei-shan LI Ya-bing YANG Guo-zheng 《农业科学学报》2020,19(2):509-517
Cotton producers have substantially reduced their inputs(labor, nutrients, and management) mainly by adopting a shortseason cropping management that is characterized by late sowing, high density, and reduced fertilization with one-time application at the first bloom stage without lint yield reduction. However, it has been hypothesized that one-time fertilization at an earlier growth stage could be a more effective and economic management practice. A two-year field experiment was conducted by applying five fertilizer one-time fertilization at 0(FT1), 5(FT2), 10(FT3), 15(FT4), and 20(FT5) days after the first flower appeared in the field and one three-split fertilizer application taken as the conventional control(FT6), making six treatments altogether. Cotton growth period, biomass accumulation, yield, and its formation were quantified. The results showed that the one-time fertilization did not affect the cotton growth progress as compared to FT6, however, the total crop cycles for FT3–FT5 were 3 days shorter. FT1 produced the highest cotton lint yield(1 396 kg ha–1), which was similar to the FT6 but higher than the other treatments, and could be attributed to more bolls per unit area and higher lint percentage. Cotton yield was positively correlated with cotton plant biomass accumulated. FT1 had both the highest average(VT)(193.7 kg ha–1 d–1) and the highest maximum(VM)(220.9 kg ha–1 d–1) rates during the fast biomass accumulation period. These results suggest that one-time fertilizer application at the first flower stage might be an adjustment that is more effective than at first bloom, and allowed for easier decision making for application date due to non counting of plants with flowers is needed. 相似文献
3.
Maize grain yield and water use efficiency in relation to climatic factors and plant population in northern China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LIU Yue-e HOU Peng HUANG Gui-rong ZHONG Xiu-li LI Hao-ru ZHAO Jiu-ran LI Shao-kun MEI Xu-rong 《农业科学学报》2021,20(12):3156-3169
Water scarcity has become a limiting factor for increasing crop production. Finding ways to improve water use efficiency (WUE) has become an urgent task for Chinese agriculture. To understand the response of different maize populations to changes in precipitation and the effects of changes in maize populations on WUE, this study conducted maize population experiments using maize hybrids with different plant types (compact and semi compact) and different planting densities at 25 locations across China. It was found that, as precipitation increased across different locations, maize grain yield first increased and then decreased, while WUE decreased significantly. Analyzing the relationship between WUE and the main climatic factors, this study found that WUE was significantly and negatively correlated with precipitation ($$ (daily mean precipitation) and R (accumulated precipitation)) and was positively correlated with temperature (TM (daily mean maximum temperature), TM–m (Tm, daily mean minimum temperature) and GDD (growing degree days)) and solar radiation ($$ (daily mean solar radiation) and Ra (accumulated solar radiation)) over different growth periods. Significant differences in maize grain yield, WUE and precipitation were found at different planting densities. The population densities were ranked as follows according to maize grain yield and WUE based on the multi-site experiment data: 60 000 plants ha–1 (P2)>90 000 plants ha–1 (P3)>30 000 plants ha–1 (P1). Further analysis showed that, as maize population increased, water consumption increased significantly while soil evaporation decreased significantly. Significant differences were found between the WUE of ZD958 (compact type) and that of LD981 (semi-compact type), as well as among the WUE values at different planting densities. In addition, choosing the optimum hybrid and planting density increased WUE by 21.70 and 14.92%, respectively, which showed that the hybrid played a more significant role than the planting density in improving WUE. Therefore, choosing drought-resistant hybrids could be more effective than increasing the planting density to increase maize grain yield and WUE in northern China. Comprehensive consideration of climatic impacts, drought-resistant hybrids (e.g., ZD958) and planting density (e.g., 60 000 plants ha–1) is an effective way to increase maize grain yield and WUE across different regions of China. 相似文献
4.
直播稀植高产杂交棉农艺及冠层结构特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为充分挖掘杂交棉增产潜力,采用大田创建高产试验示范田的方法,以杂交棉稀植为研究对象,以常规棉密植棉为对照,分析棉花产量形成过程中农艺性状、冠层结构指标的变化。结果表明:与常规棉密植相比,杂交棉稀植条件下皮棉产量、单株结铃数和单铃质量分别增加了7.9%～24.1%、34.8%～40.2%和14.3%～19.2%,果枝台数和倒四叶宽分别增加了18.9%、9.6%;且叶面积指数(LAI)和叶倾角(MTA)增幅分别为53.3%、23.9%～26.4%,冠层开度(DIFN)则降低了45.5%～81.1%。杂交棉稀植条件下,与皮棉产量2 500 kg·hm~(-2)棉田相比,3 000 kg·hm~(-2)棉田的单位面积株数、株高、果枝始节高度以及LAI、MTA分别增加了5.1%～15.1%、1～2 cm、2.2%、11.6%、4.8%,DIFN降低了56.7%。籽棉产量与LAI和果枝台数呈显著正相关,株高与总铃数呈显著正相关、MTA与单株结铃数和单铃质量呈显著正相关,DIFN与单位面积株数显著正相关。综上,适度稀植条件下杂交棉充分发挥了杂种优势,棉株个体生长旺盛从而弥补群体的不足,单株铃数和单铃质量的同步提高是其获得高产的主要原因;杂交棉稀植实现皮棉产量3 000kg·hm~(-2)的总铃数大于120×10~4 hm~(-2)、单铃质量大于5.31 g;果枝台数维持在10台,倒四叶宽大于18 cm;在盛铃后期叶面积指数达到峰值为4.3～4.9、MTA为52.7～53.1°、DIFN为0.011～0.015。 相似文献
5.
喷施化学打顶剂对棉花冠层结构及群体光合生产的影响 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
【目的】选用氟节胺复配型、缩节胺复配型2种化学打顶剂,研究田间喷施化学打顶剂对棉花株型特征、冠层结构、群体光合生产及产量的影响,分析冠层结构变化对群体光合生产和产量的影响,为棉花化学打顶技术的应用提供理论依据。【方法】选用北疆棉区主栽品种（新陆早45号）和主推品种（系）（中棉所50、45-21）为试验材料,在田间自然条件下,以常规人工打顶的棉花为对照,分别测定不同棉花品种（系）株高、株宽、叶面积指数、叶片叶绿素含量、冠层不同部位透光率、群体光合速率及产量构成等指标。研究化学打顶技术对棉花叶面积指数、冠层透光率、群体光合速率及产量的影响。【结果】与人工打顶的棉花相比,化学打顶的棉花株高显著高于人工打顶处理,且喷药后生长量较大;株宽显著小于人工打顶处理,喷药后横向生长被明显抑制。化学打顶的棉花叶面积指数和叶片叶绿素含量较高,且高值持续期长,至初絮期（出苗后115 d）仍维持较高的值,与人工打顶的棉花相比差异均达到极显著水平;冠层上、中部透光率较高,生育后期冠层下部漏光损失较小。化学打顶的棉花群体光合速率显著高于人工打顶,且高值持续期长,至初絮期仍维持在16.04 μmol·m-2·s-1以上,较人工打顶的棉花高出14.35%-36.35%,差异均达到显著水平;群体呼吸速率在达到峰值前显著高于人工打顶的棉花,峰值后与人工打顶的棉花无显著差异;群体呼吸速率占群体总光合速率的比率高于人工打顶的棉花。化学打顶的棉花单株结铃多,其中氟节胺处理棉花产量高于人工打顶。【结论】棉花化学打顶技术具有塑造株型、调节棉花冠层结构形成的重要作用;同时棉花冠层上、中部透光率大,改善了冠层中下部光环境,保证了冠层各部位均匀的光分布。化学打顶的棉花叶面积指数高且高值持续期长,增加了光合面积。叶片叶绿素含量高且高值持续时间长,延长了光合时间,保证了较高的群体光合能力及长的光合功能持续期。 相似文献
6.
棉花冠层光合有效辐射截获率(PARI)是影响干物质积累和产量形成的重要因素,然而对于不同覆膜方式下种植密度对棉花冠层光分布的影响尚未明确。在旱区一膜三行的机采种植模式下,设2种覆膜方式(有膜和无膜)与5种种植密度(D1:9×104株/hm2,D2:13.5×104株/hm2,D3:18×104株/hm2,D4:22.5×104株/hm2,D5:27×104株/hm2),研究不同覆膜方式下种植密度对棉花冠层PARI的影响。结果表明,在全生育期,有膜处理下棉花冠层光合有效辐射(PAR)的截获能力较强;冠层PARI与种植密度呈显著正相关关系,不同种植密度之间PARI存在差异;叶面积指数(LAI)随生育进程推进呈单峰曲线。有膜处理下,不同种植密度LAI在第94～98天达到峰值;无膜处理下,不同种植密度LAI在第109～113天达到峰值;随着种植密度的增加干物质积累量减少,其生殖... 相似文献
7.
集群种植方式对棉花田间小气候效应和产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨传统种植(1穴1株)和集群种植(1穴3株)方式下棉花产量及田间微环境差异,在甘肃河西走廊干旱荒漠绿洲区对传统种植和集群种植方式下棉花的产量和微环境进行对比研究。结果表明,集群种植下棉花的经济产量显著高于传统种植,集群种植下穴距配置对产量产生一定的影响,穴距为28cm时棉花的单铃质量和皮棉产量最高,并且显著提高了棉花衣分;集群栽培可有效增加单位面积铃数,提高棉花中后期群体光截获率和冠层湿度,降低棉花冠层温度,对棉花群体内部CO2摩尔分数仅有微弱的影响。因此,相对于传统种植方式,集群种植可显著改善棉花群体微环境,进而提高棉花的经济产量,且穴距为28cm是集群种植获得较高产量的最佳穴距。 相似文献
8.
黄河流域棉区高密度垄作对棉花的增产效应 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
【目的】垄作栽培与合理密植作为单项技术措施用于棉花生产已有较多研究报道,但两者配合运用的研究较少。本文旨在明确种植方式与密度的互作效应,使合理密植与种植方式有机结合,实现棉花增产增效。【方法】2010—2011年以K638为试验材料,采用裂区设计,在山东临清市研究了种植方式（平作和垄作）和密度（3、6和9株/m2）对棉花干物质积累与分配、叶面积变化动态、蕾铃脱落、产量及产量构成的影响。【结果】种植方式和密度对棉花产量有显著的互作效应,平作情况下以中密度（6株/m2）的产量最高;垄作条件下以高密度（9株/m2）的产量最高,中、低密度（3—6株/m2）的产量较低,高密度垄作较传统的中等密度平作平均增产皮棉13.6%。与平作比较,垄作可增加铃数,提高早熟性,铃重随密度升高有降低趋势;垄作栽培提高了群体干物质积累量、叶面积指数,盛铃期和始絮期高密度垄作较中密度平作的叶面积指数分别高24.2%和22.1%,烂铃率和脱落率显著降低。【结论】种植方式和密度可以单独或协同影响生物产量、经济系数和产量结构,从而影响经济产量。高密度垄作是黄河流域棉区棉花增产的重要栽培模式。 相似文献
9.
早熟棉区行距与密度互作对棉花产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究不同行距及密度互作对棉花生长发育和产量品质的影响,为棉花合理密植和株行距配置提供理论依据。【方法】在新疆南疆阿克苏市温宿县早熟棉区进行大田试验,采用裂区设计,主区为行距,设3个处理,分别为66 cm(A1)、76 cm(A2)、86 cm(A3);副区为密度,设3个处理,分别为12×104株/hm2(B1)、15×104株/hm2(B2)、18×104株/hm2(B3)。【结果】在相同行距条件下,提高种植密度,棉花株高及节间长度增加,茎秆变细,单株结铃数减少。在相同密度条件下,增大行距株距变小,纵向竞争大于横向竞争,行距越大棉花向行间倾斜的角度越大。不同行距的棉花产量都随着密度的增加而增加, A2B3处理籽棉产量最高。【结论】同密度下,窄行距棉花封行早,营养枝多,叶面积指数高,下部通风透光性差,蕾铃脱落多;宽行距棉花株距小,在同等栽培措施下封行时间晚,叶面积指数低。提高种植密度,单位面积的铃数增加,单铃重减少。行距及密度对籽棉产量影响显著,中行距高密度处理产量最高。 相似文献
10.
Does heat accumulation alter crop phenology,fibre yield and fibre properties of sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) genotypes with changing seasons? 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Field experiments were carried out in split plot design during the dry and wet seasons for two years(two seasons each in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018) with two genotypes(SH4 and SUIN053), two plant geometry(30×15 cm and 45×15 cm main plots) and three levels of NPK(20 kg N ha~(–1), 40 kg P ha~(–1) and 40 kg K ha~(–1); 20 kg N ha~(–1), 60 kg P ha~(–1) and 60 kg K ha~(–1); 20 kg N ha~(–1), 80 kg P ha~(–1) and 80 kg K ha~(–1)) with an objective to study the relationship between fibre yield of sunhmep and thermal indices. The results indicated that the thermal units such as cumulative heat unit(CHU), photo thermal unit(PTU) and helio thermal unit(HTU) were the highest during dry seasons, while relative temperature disparity(RTD) was the highest during wet seasons irrespective of the genotypes, plant geometry and fertilizer levels. The combined analysis of variance showed that the suitability of sunnhemp genotypes for obtaining fibre and seed yields varied with season. The results further indicated that sunnhemp grew during dry seasons with longer photoperiod and higher values of growing degree days(GDD), HTU and PTU resulted in a higher fibre yield, while a higher seed yield and relatively longer, finer and stronger fibres were obtained during wet seasons with higher RTD values. Regression analysis indicated that CHU was positively related to fibre yield, while RTD was positively related to seed yield. CHU beyond 2 000 °C d reduced seed yield and favoured fibre production. In contrary to CHU, RTD values were positively related to seed yield and negatively related to fibre yield. Similarly, HTU had an inverse relationship with fibre yield while PTU had a positive relationship with fibre yield. The genotype SH4 produced a seed yield of 1 361 kg ha~(–1) during wet seasons, which was significantly higher than SUIN053, while a fibre yield of 990 kg ha~(–1)(significantly higher than that of SH4) was obtained for SUIN053 that required less CHU to attain the phenological events during dry seasons. The per unit area yields of seed and fibre with the closer spacing(30 cm×15 cm) by virtue of higher plant density were 17.0 and 14.9% higher than those with the spacing of 45 cm×15 cm, respectively. Higher doses of P and K resulted in higher seed and fibre yields. 相似文献
11.
为研究种植密度与施氮量对机采棉冠层叶面积指数、透光率和果枝长度等的影响,采用裂区试验设计,主区设2个种植密度D18(18万株/hm~2)和D24(24万株/hm~2),副区设4个施氮量N0(0kg/hm~2)、N170(170kg/hm~2)、N320(320kg/hm~2)和N470(470kg/hm~2)。结果表明,同一施氮量下,随种植密度增大,单株结铃数、单铃重与衣分减小,冠层上、中和下部叶面积指数增大,冠层上、中和下部果枝长度呈先降后增的趋势,冠层开度降低,冠层上、中和下部单铃重逐渐降低。同一种植密度下,当种植密度为D18时,随施氮量的增加,单株结铃数、单铃重、衣分、籽棉产量、皮棉产量、DIFN、冠层上、中和下部叶面积指数及果枝长度均呈上升趋势,表现为N470N320N170N0,种植密度D24条件下呈先升后降的趋势,表现为N320N470N170N0。D24N320处理虽然较最高籽棉产量略低,但差异不显著,其增产率及氮肥农学利用效率最高,在减少氮肥投入量的同时也减轻了由此产生的环境污染。因此,当种植密度为24万株/hm~2、施氮量为320kg/hm~2是本试验条件下最理想的种植密度与施氮量。 相似文献
12.
采用双因素随机区组设计,设5个密度(D1：1 334株/667m2、D2：1 668株/667m2、D3：2 000 株/667m2、D4：2 334株/667m2、D5：2 668株/667m2)与3个行距(R1：1.2 m、R2：1.35 m、R3：1.5 m)共15个处理,探讨基于农机农艺结合的不同株行距配置对塑料大棚番茄果型分级和冠层特性的影响。结果表明：种植密度与产出果型呈反比;通过对冠层特性与产量及品质进行相关性分析得出,散射光合有效辐射比例与单果质量、单株产量、折合667m2产量呈极显著正相关,与可溶性糖含量呈极显著负相关,与糖酸比呈显著负相关,是一个非常重要的冠层特性参数;通过对番茄果型分级、营养品质、冠层特性及产量的比较,R3D4处理在果型分级、品质指标及节本增效方面综合表现最佳,但折合667m2产量表现较低,为12 922.40 kg,而R1D2折合667m2产量高达15 390.65 kg,且在果型分级、品质指标亦表现较佳。综合考虑各项指标,R1D2处理（即行距1.2 m密度为1 668株/667m2）、R3D4（即行距1.5 m密度为2 334株/667m2）为宁夏地区大跨度塑料大棚农机农艺结合较为适宜的两种株行距配置方式。 相似文献
13.
Zhi-qiang TAO De-mei WANG Shao-kang MA Yu-shuang YANG Guang-cai ZHAO Xu-hong CHANG 《农业科学学报》2018,17(3):566-578
Improving radiation use efficiency(RUE) of the canopy is necessary to increase wheat(Triticum aestivum) production. Tridimensional uniform sowing(U) technology has previously been used to construct a uniformly distributed population structure that increases RUE. In this study, we used tridimensional uniform sowing to create a wheat canopy within which light was spread evenly to increase RUE. This study was done during 2014–2016 in the Shunyi District, Beijing, China. The soil type was sandy loam. Wheat was grown in two sowing patterns:(1) tridimensional uniform sowing(U);(2) conventional drilling(D). Four planting densities were used: 1.8, 2.7, 3.6, and 4.5 million plants ha–1. Several indices were measured to compare the wheat canopies: photosynthetic active radiation intercepted by the canopy(IPAR), leaf area index(LAI), leaf mass per unit area(LMA), canopy extinction coefficient(K), and RUE. In two sowing patterns, the K values decreased with increasing planting density, but the K values of U were lower than that of D. LMA and IPAR were higher for U than for D, whereas LAI was nearly the same for both sowing patterns. IPAR and LAI increased with increasing density under the same sowing pattern. However, the difference in IPAR and LAI between the 3.6 and 4.5 million plants ha–1 treatments was not significant for both sowing patterns. Therefore, LAI within the same planting density was not affected by sowing pattern. RUE was the largest for the U mode with a planting density of 3.6 million plants ha–1 treatment. For the D sowing pattern, the lowest planting density(1.8 million plants ha–1) resulted in the highest yield. Light radiation interception was minimal for the D mode with a planting density of 1.8 million plants ha–1 treatment, but the highest RUE and highest yield were observed under this condition. For the U sowing pattern, IPAR increased with increasing planting density, but yield and RUE were the highest with a planting density of 3.6 million plants ha–1. These results indicated that the optimal planting density for improving the canopy light environment differed between the sowing patterns. The effect of sowing pattern×planting density interaction on grain yield, yield components, RUE, IPAR, and LMA was significant(P0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that there is a positive significant correlation between grain yield and RUE(r=0.880, P0.01), LMA(r=0.613, P0.05), and spike number(r=0.624, P0.05). These results demonstrated that the tridimensional uniform sowing technique, particularly at a planting density of 3.6 million plants ha–1, can effectively increase light interception and utilization and unit leaf area. This leads to the production of more photosynthetic products that in turn lead to significantly increased spike number(P0.05), kernel number, grain weight, and an overall increase in yield. 相似文献
14.
棉花工厂化育苗无土移栽密度对农艺性状的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
[目的]研究棉花工厂化育苗无土移栽的适宜密度。[方法]以豫杂35为试材,采用随机区组设计,设6个移栽密度:10 500、15 000、19 500、24 000、28 500和31 500株/hm2,3次重复,研究移栽密度对株高、絮铃、成铃、幼铃数量及产量的影响。[结果]移栽密度与絮铃数呈正相关(R=0.908),与成铃数、幼铃数和株高呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.865、-0.909和-0.895。密度为10 500~31 500株/hm2时,絮铃占总铃数的比重由14.7%增加到23.4%,而成铃比重在61.2%~68.6%、幼铃比重在15.5%~17.0%。6个密度间株高存在显著、棉花产量存在极显著差异,24 000株/hm2时产量最高,当密度低于15 000株/hm2时,产量会明显降低。株高与产量的相关性较低(R=-0.696)。[结论]为棉花工厂化育苗无土移栽技术的推广应用提供了参考。 相似文献
15.
Optimizing the application of a novel harvest aid to improve the quality of mechanically harvested cotton in the North China Plain 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 MENG Lu ZHANG Li-zhen QI Hai-kun DU Ming-wei ZUO Yan-li ZHANG Ming-cai TIAN Xiao-li LI Zhao-hu 《农业科学学报》2021,20(11):2892-2899
Defoliation is an indispensable step in cotton production with mechanical harvesting, especially in the North China Plain (NCP) where mechanical harvesting is limited by a large proportion of green leaves and unopened bolls at harvest time due to insufficient thermal resources. It is essential to quantify the optimal use of defoliation products while minimizing yield and quality loss in China. The objective of this study was to test the effect of a new defoliant Xinsaili (XSL, a compound of 10% thidiazuron and 40% ethephon) on the spatial distribution of cotton leaves and bolls, yield and quality in the NCP. There were four treatments: XSL 1800 mL ha–1, XSL 2700 mL ha–1, XSL splitted into two equal applications (1350 mL ha–1 for each), and XSL-free (water) control. Field experiments were conducted in Hebei, China in 2016–2017. All the defoliant treatments did not significantly affect cotton yield and fiber quality compared with the water control. At harvest time, the rate of open bolls under XSL 2700 mL ha–1 was 13.5% higher than that under XSL-free control, while the other two treatments showed no significant difference, across the two years. Defoliation percentage of the three XSL treatments showed no difference, but they were on average 42.2% higher than that of XSL-free control. The year-round effect of the defoliant XSL was significant, indicating that climate factors would affect its application. It was concluded that the optimal dose of XSL in the NCP was 2700 mL ha–1, and it was unnecessary to split it into two applications. These results would promote cotton mechanical harvesting and reduce the labor cost of cotton production in China. 相似文献
16.
《农业科学学报》2019,18(8):1882-1892
Stay green(SG) maize was found to have higher grain yield and post-silking nitrogen(N) uptake(PostN) compared with a non-stay green(NSG) hybrid. To understand the effects of plant density on grain yield(GY) and N efficiency in modern maize hybrids, we compared two modern hybrids(SG hybrid DY508 and NSG hybrid NH101) with similar maturity ratings at three plant densities(45 000, 60 000, and 75 000 pl ha~(–1)) in 2014 and 2015. GY, leaf senescence, dry matter(DM) accumulation,N accumulation, PostN, and post-silking N remobilization(RemN) were analyzed. DY508 and NH101 had similar GY, but DY508 had higher thousand kernel weight(TKW) and lower kernel number(KN) than NH101. Plant density significantly increased GY in the two hybrids. On average, over the two years, plant density improved GY in DY508 and NH101 by 18.5 and 11.1%, respectively, but there were no differences in total dry matter(TDM) and post-silking DM(PostDM) between the two hybrids. Plant density improved leaf N, stem N, and grain N at the silking and maturity stages in 2014 and 2015. DY508 was lower in harvest index(HI), nitrogen harvest index(NHI), and grain N concentration(GNC) than NH101. Grain N in DY508 was 2.61 kg ha~(–1) less than in NH101, and this was caused by lower GNC and leaf RemN. On the average, DY508 was 1.62 kg ha~(–1) less in leaf remobilized N(leaf RemN) than NH101, but was similar in stem remobilized N(stem RemN;2.47 kg ha~(–1) vs. 3.41 kg ha~(–1)). Maize hybrid DY508 shows delayed leaf senescence in the upper and bottom canopy layers in the later stages of growth. The present study provides evidence that the NH101, which has rapid leaf senescence at the late grain-filling stage, has gained equivalent GY and higher leaf RemN, and was more efficient in N utilization. 相似文献
17.
Khalid Usman Niamatullah Khan Muhammad Umar Khan Aziz ur Rehman Said Ghulam 《农业科学学报》2013,12(9):1568-1579
Conservation tillage may improve yield of cotton in addition to improvement in soil quality if practiced for longer period. However, the practice may not be productive in short-term particularly when severe weeds are infesting the crops such as Cynodon dactylon, Conyza canadensis, Tribulus terrestris, and Cyperus rotundus, etc. Recent studies indicate that conventional tillage (CT) is more productive than zero tillage (ZT)/reduced tillage (RT). Performance of cotton under three tillage systems, viz., ZT, RT and CT; and five herbicides, i.e., haloxyfop-R-methyl 10.8 EC (108 g a.i. ha?1), lactofen 24 EC (168 g a.i. ha?1), haloxyfop 10.8 EC + lactofen 24 EC, hand weeding, and weedy check were evaluated during 2010-2011 at Gomal University, D.I. Khan, Pakistan, to explore the best management option for effective weed control, enhanced yield and quality of cotton grown after wheat. The results revealed that hand weeding and Haloxyfop as post emergence alone or in combination with Lactofen reduced weed density to the minimum irrespective of the tillage systems. Excessive rainfall and cooler temperature limited cotton growth and yield in 2010. The adverse weather conditions had more adverse effect on boll weight under ZT and RT than CT. Haloxyfop + lactofen produced higher seed cotton yield in RT than ZT, however, it could not exceed CT. Broad-spectrum herbicides × CT produced the highest number of bolls/plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield. Fiber quality and net returns were also the highest in broad-spectrum herbicides × CT. In conclusion, broad-spectrum herbicides under CT were more productive in wheat based cropping system on silty clay soil of D.I. Khan. 相似文献
18.
矮秆高粱辽杂35光合特性与产量构成因素 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】通过对矮秆高粱新品种群体光合特性和产量形成规律的研究,为新型高粱品种的选育与推广提供理论依据。【方法】以适于机械化生产的矮秆高粱新品种辽杂35为主要试验材料,分别设置3个种植密度(90 000株/hm~2、120 000株/hm~2和150 000株/hm~2),并以生育期相近的同区域主栽品种中高秆高粱辽杂19作为对照(设置为生产上适宜种植密度,105 000株/hm~2),通过分析测定高粱群体植株形态指标、光合生理指标、环境生态指标和产量构成因素探究矮秆高粱群体的光合特性和产量形成规律。【结果】随种植密度的增加,在群体表现最为繁茂的灌浆期,辽杂35冠层中下部的光照强度、透光率、气孔导度和光合速率显著降低,并明显低于对照品种辽杂19,冠层上部上述各指标间的差异不显著。辽杂35在开花期和灌浆期上数第二片叶的电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(q P)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)均随密度增加呈降低趋势,而初始荧光(Fo)呈升高趋势,辽杂19各荧光参数指标均优于中高密度条件下的辽杂35。叶面积指数随着密度的增加呈增加趋势,在开花期达到最大值后逐渐下降,辽杂35密度为150 000株/hm2处理的叶面积指数下降速度最快,但在后期仍能保持较高的叶面积指数;冠层下部叶片SPAD值呈显著下降的趋势。辽杂35高粱在中高密度条件下,其群体中下部形态指标、光合生理指标和环境生态指标劣于辽杂19,可能与其株型有关,其植株矮,但叶片数基本没有减少,叶着生角度未有实质变化。随种植密度增加,辽杂35高粱生物产量、籽粒产量呈增加趋势,单穗粒数呈显著下降趋势,千粒重无显著变化。辽杂35高粱种植密度为150 000株/hm~2时,籽粒产量最高,为9 923.5 kg·hm~(-2),其产量也高于对照辽杂19。【结论】适当提高种植密度是促进矮秆高粱籽粒产量提升的关键,但增加种植密度对冠层中下部叶片光合特性和物质生产可产生负面影响,通过高粱株型改良和肥水密等栽培技术的调节,协调矮秆高粱群体和个体之间的关系,实现群体结构和个体功能的协同增益将是提高矮秆高粱产量的重要途径。 相似文献
19.
北疆高产棉花群体呼吸速率变化与光合作用关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在田间自然条件下,研究北疆高产棉花(2250kg皮棉/hm2)群体呼吸速率的变化及与光合作用的关系.结果表明,2250kg/hm2高产棉花群体呼吸速率在整个生育期的变化呈单峰型曲线,至盛铃期前后达最大值(2.69gCO2/m2·h).群体呼吸速率的日变化亦呈单峰型曲线,其变化规律主要受气温影响.群体呼吸速率所占总光合的比例因不同生育时期及棉田长势而异;2250kg/hm2高产棉花吐絮期是一生中呼吸比例最高的时期.棉花群体呼吸速率与叶面积指数、干物质重在盛花期和吐絮期至显著正相关,与经济产量也呈正相关,但未达显著水平. 相似文献
20.
为明确不同施氮量对新疆冬小麦冠层结构特征及其群体内部光、温变化的影响,于2013—2015年连续2个冬小麦生长周期,在大田滴灌条件下,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,共设置了0(N_0),94.5(N_1),180(N_2),240(N_3),300(N_4)和360kg/hm~2(N_5)6个施氮肥处理,研究了施氮量对冬小麦茎型特征,叶垂直分布及其形态特征,冠层光、温变化规律的影响。结果表明:与N_0处理相比,增施氮肥冬小麦叶片的长、宽及叶片总面积均显著增加。随着施氮量的增加,各叶层LAI、各节间长度和节间粗度均呈"先增后减"的趋势,株高变幅为71.83~85.88cm(2014年)和70.56~85.18cm(2015年);冠层中、下部的透光率和冠层温度均呈"先降后增"的趋势。各处理冠层温度日变化呈"凸"型曲线,均在15:00左右达到峰值,其值以N_3处理最低。2年试验产量均以N_3处理最高,为8 653.22(2013年)和8 415.20kg/hm~2(2014年),分别较同年N_0、N_1、N_2、N_4和N_5处理增产68.01%、32.39%、17.92%、5.34%、10.69%和67.39%、30.81%、19.31%、4.20%、11.49%。本试验条件下,施氮量控制在240kg/hm~2左右,滴灌冬小麦叶型、株型特征良好,冠层光、温适宜,有利于获得高产。 相似文献