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RRIM600是20世纪在中国轻寒区大规模推广种植的国外优良橡胶树高产品种,由该品种衍生的热研7-33-97和文昌11已在海南、广东等植胶区大规模推广种植,成为更新胶园的主推品种,热研88-13成为培育高产无性系的重要亲本。为探讨RRIM600作为亲本在中国橡胶树育种上的利用价值,本文分析了该品种在中国推广种植的适应性、农艺性状表现、刺激割胶生理效应、主要衍生品种的品种特性等。结果表明：RRIM600开割前后茎围生长均较快,单位面积产量高,刺激割胶可提高产量,但应注意刺激浓度和频率。以RRIM600为亲本,通过不同育种方法,育种工作者先后育成了热研7-33-97、热研8-79、热研88-13、文昌11等试种级以上品种54个,这些品种都保持了RRIM600的高产特性。因此,RRIM600是一个高产的橡胶树优良亲本,对中国选育高产橡胶树新品种有重要的利用价值。 相似文献
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外源茉莉酸诱导巴西橡胶树乳管分化的酶学研究（I） 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
以巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis Mull.Arg.）无性系热研7-33-97芽条增殖苗圃中具有3篷稳定叶的萌条和橡胶树无性系RRIM600成龄树为材料，研究外源茉莉对萌条树皮组织的脂氧合酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酸、过氧化物酶的活性与过氧化物酶同工酶以及对成龄树胶乳和树皮组织脂氧合酶活性的影响。结果表明，⑴外源茉莉酸处理使橡胶树7-33-97萌条第1篷（顶篷）叶和第3篷叶伸长单位树皮组织的脂氧合酶活性升高，外源茉莉酸与脂氧合酶抑制剂去甲二氢愈伤酸（nordigyroguaiaretic acid,NDGA）一起作用时可降低外源茉莉酸对脂氧合酶的诱导效应，并相应地抑制了外源茉莉酸刺激橡胶树乳管分化的作用；⑵外源茉莉酸可显地诱导成龄开割橡胶树RRIM600胶乳的脂氧合酶活性，而对其树皮组织的脂氧合酶活性几乎没有影响；⑶外源茉莉酸大幅度地提高了橡胶树7-33-97萌条第1篷叶和第3篷叶伸长单位树皮组织的茉丙氨酸解氨酶活性；⑷外源茉莉酸处理中，橡胶树7-33-97萌条第1篷叶和第3篷叶伸长单位树皮组织的过氧化物酶对外源茉莉酸的反应不同，即外源茉莉酸对萌条第3篷叶伸长单位树皮组织的过氧化物酶活性及其同工酶谱没有影响，但使萌条第1篷叶伸长单位树皮组织的过氧化物酶活性升高，其同工酶谱也发生了相应的变化。因此，橡胶树萌条次生乳管的分化与树皮组织脂氧合酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酸活性的变化具有一定的联系，而与过氧化物酶可能无关。提出了“外源茉莉酸与机械伤害是通过对橡胶树内源茉莉酸的诱导作用而刺激橡胶树乳管分化”的假说。 相似文献
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羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶 A 合成酶（HMGS）将乙酰辅酶 A 转化为羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶 A,是甲羟戊酸代谢 途径的限速酶之一。本研究从橡胶树热研 879 和热研 7-33-97 品系的胶乳中分离出 HbHMGS1 和 HbHMGS2 基因。相比 HbHMGS1 基因在胶乳和树皮中的共表达模式,胶乳中高丰度表达的 HbHMGS2 基因可能是乳管细胞中参与天然橡胶合 成的主效基因,而 HbHMGS1 是功能冗余基因。HbHMGS2 基因在橡胶树高产品系热研 879 胶乳中的表达量亦高于测序 品系热研 7-33-97,表明 HbHMGS2 基因的高水平表达可能有助于橡胶的合成。其上游启动子的顺式作用元件差异可能 与该基因在热研 879 和热研 7-33-97 的差异表达有关。HbHMGS2 基因的转录亦受茉莉酸诱导,可能参与了茉莉酸信号 调控天然橡胶的合成过程。HbHMGS2 基因在大肠杆菌中成功表达为后续研究该基因的功能、利用该基因生产活性物质 提供新的基因资源。 相似文献
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为了探寻橡胶树新品种热研7-33-97适宜的割胶制度,在充分挖掘橡胶树产胶潜力的同时又能保证胶树的安全。对热研7-33-97进行1/2阴阳线轮换与单阳线割制的比较。通过5年的田间试验观察,结果表明,在3天1刀的情况下,热研7-33-97优良无性系采用1/2阴阳线轮换割胶制度,其产量比单阳线割制增产10.6%,干含提高0.9%,死皮发病率下降0.5%。 相似文献
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中规模推广级橡胶树优良品种热研7—33—97的选育 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
热研7—33—97是一个速生高产抗性较强的橡胶树优良品种。两院试验场高级试验区头9个割年的鉴定结果,其平均干胶产量为4.35千克/株·年、1910千克/公顷·年,分别为对照RRIM600的131.8％和169.5％,干胶含量高,产胶潜力大,干胶性能好,抗风、抗寒能力都优于RRIM600,1993年被评为中规模推广级品种。 相似文献
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橡胶树热研7-33-97不同杂交组合子代早期鉴定研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis）优良品种热研7-33-97具有生长速度快、抗性强、产胶潜力大和干胶理化性能好等优点。为研究热研7-33-97作为杂交亲本选育优良新品种的潜力，分别对热研2-73×热研7-33-97、热研5-11×热研7-33-97、热研7-33-97×海垦1的人工杂交授粉子代进行生长量和产量早期鉴定。结果表明：不同杂交组合子代的茎围生长和产量均有显著差异，热研7-33-97作为父本或者母本均能较好地遗传其速生、高产性状。子代性状的正态分析表明，从热研2-73×热研7-33-97杂交组合子代中选育出胶木兼优品种的可能性较大，从热研5-11×热研7-33-97杂交组合子代中选育出高产品种的可能性较大，从热研7-33-97×海垦1杂交组合子代中有选育出抗风高产品种的可能性。 相似文献
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调查热研7-33-97、PR107、RRIM600 3个品种橡胶树的不同割龄胶园单位面积存株数情况,并对存株类型进行归类。结果发现,存株类型可归类为正常割株、风害停割株、寒害停割株、割线干涸及产量挖潜株(阳线停割株、阴线割株、整树割线干涸停割株)、林下株、缺株等类型。其中热研7-33-97的1、5、10割龄的单位面积有效割株率分别为96%、85%、71%;PR107的1、12、14、16、20、24割龄的单位面积有效割株率分别为96%、67%、70%、75%、66%、46%;RRIM600的16、20割龄的单位面积有效割株率分别为64%和48%。文中还对对有效割株和其它存株类型进行了初步分析。 相似文献
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本研究采用核糖体基因转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer，ITS）标记分析37份橡胶树1981’IRRDB野生种质以及7份栽培品系的遗传多样性及其进化关系，拟在DNA序列水平上了解野生种质及栽培品系的遗传背景，为保护、发掘和利用现有橡胶树种质资源提供遗传理论依据。在44份材料中，9份资源种质及1份栽培品系出现ITS基因杂合子现象，ITS序列长度在583~588 bp之间，G+C含量65.52％~67.17％，共有87个变异位点。ITS核苷酸多样性Pi值为0.011 6，其中ITS2的Pi值（0.014 33）明显高于ITS1（0.010 10）及5.8S（0.010 31），表明ITS2序列具有更快的进化速率，更合适于橡胶树遗传多样性及系统学研究。在34个单倍型中，单倍型H8位于网络图的中心，为最古老的高频单倍型，其遗传背景主要来自朗多尼亚州。NJ分子系统树显示大部分栽培品系（热研7-20-59，RRIM600，热研7-33-97，热垦628，热研88-13）与朗多尼亚州（Rodo^nia）部分种质具有相似的遗传背景。此外，中性检测及单倍型网络图结果暗示本研究材料曾经经历一个扩张的历史事件。 相似文献
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牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶(GGPS)和膜结合焦磷酸酶(V-PPase)是橡胶生物合成的重要调控酶.本研究通过双色荧光原位杂交技术对巴西橡胶树GGPS和V-PPase基因进行染色体定位,结果表明:GGPS基因位于巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’4号染色体的短臂上,基因位点距离着丝粒的百分距离为72.39.而V-PPase基因位于巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’10号染色体的短臂上,基因位点到着丝粒的百分距离为25.78.为橡胶树遗传育种及基因工程等提供分子细胞遗传学依据. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献